Paul Pearson and John KapeTitle:
“Investigating in Mäori research 2000 onwards: New initiatives at the
Foundation”
Foundation for Research, Science & Technology — Tüapapa Rangahau Pütaiao P O Box 12 240, Wellington Email: paulp@frst.govt.nz, john@frst.govt.nz |
|
Talk
Paul Pearson is responsible for developing and operating processes for guiding the Foundation's investment in research in the environmental area, with a particular emphasis on the marine and global change research areas. Paul's background is in science administration where he has worked for the last 10 years. Paul graduated from Canterbury University with a BSc in Zoology, and still maintains a strong interest in biology and ecology. |
Abstract The Foundation for Research, Science & Technology invests in a wide range of research. This ranges from Fellowships (including the Tüapapa Pütaiao Mäori Fellowships), to schemes that aim to help businesses use more research (Grants for Private Sector Research & Development, Technology for Business Growth), to large research programmes that are split over a whole range of areas — including forestry, fisheries, tourism, social and manufacturing. The Foundation has been going through a number of changes over the last year. One aspect of this change relates to our internal structure. The Foundation now has two groups that will interact with Mäori as users and providers of research. These are Investment Operations (where we negotiate with interested people to develop portfolios and programmes of research) and Portfolio Management (where we work with interested people to identify priorities for research and analyse our progress). A second aspect of the changes involves the new Output Class structure — the way that the Government spreads its funding across the different areas. For the first time, we now have an Output Class that focuses specifically on Mäori Knowledge and Development Research. This provides the Foundation (in partnership with the Health Research Council) with the opportunity to develop new ways of working with Mäori to fund research that will contribute to Mäori development. |
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Introduction
Tënä
koutou. Tënä hoki koutou e whakatau mai
ki a matau mo tënei wahanga, mo tënei hui o tatau. Tenei hoki te mihi ki te whare wänanga e tu mai nei, ki te
tangata whenua ki a Rakiura Mäori nga kaitiaki o nga tïtï.
Thank
you for the invitation to speak at this conference. I would like to acknowledge our hosts. I would also like to acknowledge the work of the Rakiura Mäori
Tïtï committee, Henrik Moller, and his team from the University of Otago, in
bringing together this hui. The Foundation
for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) is pleased to be able to support
the research programme ‘Harvests of Tïtï by Rakiura Mäori’ and recognises it as
a useful example of collaborative research between Mäori and a research
provider aimed at addressing a kaupapa (fundamental issue) important to Mäori.
This
presentation summary provides an overview of new initiatives at FRST to support
Mäori related research. It describes
who FRST is and what it does. This
focus on it’s strategy for investing in research, science and technology (R, S
&T) that contributes beneficial outcomes to Mäori.
FRST’s role as a Government
RS&T Purchase Agent
FRST
is a Government R, S &T purchase agent.
As a purchase agent FRST is required to implement government RS&T policy. This policy is contained in the Ministry for
Research, Science and Technology (MoRST) document entitled The Blueprint for Change available from its website at:
http://www.morst.govt.nz/publications/blueprint/index.htm
One
of the stewardship expectations placed on FRST is to design research portfolios
that are responsive to the needs and diversity of Mäori. This includes investing in knowledge
creation that contributes positive outcomes to Mäori across social, economic,
environmental and innovation goals. It
also invests in knowledge creation to support Mäori development in recognition
of the Treaty partnership and the distinct identity of Mäori as tangata whenua.
FRST
identifies its role as an investor, facilitator and catalyst within the
innovation system. As such it is able
to play a proactive role in facilitating Mäori participation in R, S &T.
FRST aims to deliver benefits to Mäori end users. FRST funds R, S&T it
cannot provide development funding.
The
Government output classes (RS&T funding schemes) administered by FRST with
an accompanying description and the funding allocated to these for 2000/2001
are available in the MORST document entitled Transforming New Zealand available from its website at:
http://www.morst.govt.nz/publications/morstpolicystatements.html
FRST
criteria for purchasing R, S &T include the contribution to delivering
positive outcomes and research, scientific and technological excellence. It is focused on purchasing strategic and
purpose driven R, S &T that is likely to maximise the benefit to New
Zealand.
FRST
facilitates reference groups of people with appropriate expertise and
experience to help it develop its R, S &T investment strategies and to make
investment recommendations to the FRST board.
It seeks to provide for Mäori interests to be represented in this
process.
Mäori Development and
Advancement Investment Strategy
FRST
has a total of 26 sector based investment strategies entitled Strategic
Portfolio Outlines (SPO). These are available from the FRST website at:
http://www.frst.govt.nz/public/pgsf/pgsf.htm
The
Mäori Development and Advancement SPO
outlines the priority areas for FRST investment in R, S&T that contributes
to beneficial outcomes for Mäori. The
SPO was developed by FRST with Mäori stakeholders in 1999. It has been in place through one transition
negotiation round in 1999/2000.
The
Mäori Development and Advancement SPO
is available from the FRST website at:
http://www.frst.govt.nz/public/foresight/spo/maori.htm
The
SPO has a dual goal framework of supporting both Mäori development and Mäori
advancement related research.
Mäori
development is about the positive development of Mäori lives, resources and knowledge. It is based on the distinct identity of
Mäori as tangata whenua, who have a unique heritage, inalienable resources, a
particular relationship with their environment and a set of shared aspirations.
Mäori
advancement is essentially about ensuring Mäori have equitable access to the
wider New Zealand society and economy and reducing Mäori/non-Mäori disparities.
The
strategic objectives in the SPO are:
- Mäori Human Capital
Development
- Economic Development
- Social Enhancement
- Governance
- Resource Management
- Culture
The
SPO places a particular emphasis on developing research and science skills that
will contribute to the ability of Mäori to participate in advanced technology
and value added sectors of the economy.
It seeks strong Mäori end user linkages in research programmes and
healthy two way learning relationships between research users and providers.
FRST
supports the following strategies:
- Enabling Mäori to
participate fully in advanced technology and other high-value and rapidly growing
areas of the economy;
- Enabling Mäori
involvement at all stages of research, science and technology from
inception to the delivery of benefits;
- Supporting research to
achieve better outcomes for Mäori where there are disparities in economic,
social, health, justice, and educational achievement;
- Supporting research to
enhance Mäori management of natural, cultural and historical resources.
Mäori Knowledge and
Development Output Class
This
is a new output class announced in the Government Budget 2000/2001. Its purpose is to provide funding to develop
research capability and knowledge for Mäori development. It encourages excellence in the delivery of
knowledge for Mäori, seeks to consolidate the Mäori knowledge base, and broaden
and deepen the Mäori research skill base in New Zealand.
The
total vote for this output class is $4.5m per annum in 2001/2002. The FRST total investment is $2.53m spread
over 12 research contracts. (Table 1 attached to Appendix 1 identifies the FRST
research contracts that are specific to Mäori or have a component that involves Mäori).
The FRST contracts funded by the Mäori Knowledge and Development Output Class
are identified and are those aligned to the Rangahau Putaiao Mäori portfolio.
This appendix also identifies all the research contracts funded by other FRST
output classes that have a Mäori specific component i.e. has some Mäori
involvement. Note the portfolio does not at this stage include Mäori specific
contracts funded by TechNZ, GPRSD and scholarship schemes.]. The balance is made up of $1.445m of Health
Research Council (HRC) contracts and $0.5m of new money to be invested.
The
FRST contracts specific to Mäori resource management funded by the Mäori
Knowledge and Development Output Class are:
|
University
of Canterbury |
UOCX0004 |
Sustainability
on Mäori-owned Indigenous Forest |
Aims
to develop sustainable indigenous forest management techniques consistent
with kaupapa and tikanga Mäori to enhance social, economic and ecological
benefit to Mäori resource owners. |
|
Te
Whare Wänanga o Ngati Porou |
TWWX0001 |
Mäori
Community Goals for Ecosystem Health |
Focused
on the development of models for the
integration of Mätauranga Mäori and western science for the development of community
based sustainable land management tool and strategies |
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
CO9X0004 |
Ethnobotany:
Conserving Culturally Valued plants (part 1) |
Objective
is to maintain and complement traditional Mäori knowledge of culturally significant
plants, particularly harakeke (flaxes), to enhance the conservation of plant
taonga. |
|
Rakiura
Tïtï Islands Committee |
RTIX0001 |
Harvests
of Tïtï by Mäori |
Objective
includes the recording of Mätauranga Mäori and kaitiaki practices for tïtï
(muttonbird) management to identify sustainable management/harvest limits and
practices recognising the kaitiakitanga of Rakiura Mäori. |
The
abstracts on all FRST funded contracts 2000-2001 can be obtained from the FRST
website at
http://www.frst.govt.nz/apps/database/index.cfm
If
the key word Mäori is used the search will provide a list of the relevant
contracts with the word Mäori in the abstract.
The abstracts can then be viewed by clicking on the contract title.
The
investment of the new money ($0.5m pa) in this output class is to be jointly
managed by FRST and the HRC. These
agencies ran a tender in 2000/2001 for research proposals that contribute both
socio-economic and health outcomes to Mäori and contribute to the development
of Mäori research capability. A total
of 30 expressions of interest were received. The reference group is in the
process of making final recommendations for funding. Some key issues that have arisen from this tender are: the need
for expressions of interest to clearly address the tender specification; the
importance of clearly identifying the involvement of Mäori and the pathways for
delivering outcomes to Mäori in the research proposal; and the importance of
ensuring that appropriate research methodologies and skills are built into the
research proposal.
Information
on FRST investment processes, including Mäori Development and Advancement
specific funding opportunities, can be obtained automatically be registering on
FRSTpost at:
http://www.frst.govt.nz/public/pgsf/pgsf.htm
New
FRST funding opportunities in this output class are dependent on a range of
factors including: new money allocated by Government and schedule of
advancement for this portfolio. In 2001/2002 the Foundation is reinvesting
$596k pa aligned to the culture and governance objectives of the Mäori
Development and Advancement SPO. Research proposals are due on 11 October
2001. The balance of the portfolio will be advanced in 2002/2003 with proposals
likely to be due about September/October 2002.
FRST
reference groups use the following criteria to assess research proposals in the
Mäori Development Portfolio:
- Outcomes for Mäori;
- Users Capacity to
Innovate;
- Human Capital
Development;
- Quality of Research
Delivery;
- User Connections and
Partnerships; and
- Pathway to Implementation
The
portfolio instructions for the Mäori Development portfolio - culture and
governance call for research proposals are an example of the necessary
directions that should guide the development of research proposals. These can
be obtained through the following hyperlink.
http://www.frst.govt.nz/public/pgsf/pgsf2.htm - knowledge
The
research proposal template is the guide to writing proposals and can also be
obtained from the hyperlink above.
When advancing this portfolio the Foundation will be
looking to implement the following changes:
- An increased emphasis on the development of Mäori research
capability.
- Increased collaboration, including links to other research
programmes, to maximise research synergies and overall contribution.
- Enhanced linkages to Mäori end users and Government agencies.
The Foundation will seek to support programmes that:
- Address issues of importance aligned to the strategic objectives
of the Mäori Development and Advancement SPO;
- Meaningfully involve Mäori from inception to delivery of benefit
with clear and effective pathways to contribute outcomes to Mäori;
- Support the use of Mäori research methodologies, including holistic
approaches, the use of te reo Mäori and research that contributes to the
protection and maintenance of mätauranga Mäori; and
- are led by Mäori.
Applicants are encouraged to engage end user groups,
including relevant policy agencies, to identify key research issues to inform
the development of proposals. Applicants are also encouraged to search
available literature to ensure your research idea is original or at least
builds on previous work in the area.
Addressing the
Delivery of Outcomes to Mäori across other FRST Portfolios.
The Foundation is seeking to advance outcomes to
Mäori across other portfolios and aligned to the strategic direction of those
portfolios. Responsiveness to Mäori will be treated as a portfolio balance
factor across these portfolios.
A copy of the generic FRST
Assessment Criteria and Investment Balance for Research, Science and
Technology Proposals is available through the following hyperlink.
http://www.frst.govt.nz/public/pgsf/pgsf2.htm
The Foundation is not seeking responsiveness to
Mäori in all proposals. It is seeking to invest in the best quality proposals
that have clear and effective pathways for delivery of outcomes for Mäori.
The Foundation will assess the responsiveness to
Mäori component of relevant proposals on the following points:
- Outcomes for Mäori;
- Connections and
partnerships with Mäori end users; and
- Mäori human capital
development
FRST will assess the level of participation by Mäori
in research portfolios as they are advanced and, where necessary, renegotiate
investments to ensure a higher level of participation by Mäori. A particular priority will be to progress
the directions identified in the Mäori
Development and Advancement SPO.
Providers who demonstrate meaningful collaboration with Mäori end users
that are aligned to these directions and priorities will be more likely to be
funded than those who do not. Providers
are encouraged to engage key Mäori end users in the development of proposals.
The Foundation encourages end user participation to be clearly shown in every
step of the execution of a research programme from inception to planning
(including mechanisms for handling Mäori cultural property issues, and any
intellectual property that is developed), implementation, monitoring,
assessment, training and the delivery of benefits. Likewise Mäori end-users who are able to provide evidence of
competent and effective research capability – whether in house or through
partner research providers – are also more likely to be favourably considered.
The Foundation is seeking clear and effective pathways for end-user groups to
uptake and use knowledge created.
Most of the Foundation’s existing investment is
aligned to stakeholder groups that are focused on shared problems and
opportunities. Appendix 1, Indicative Rangahau Putaiao Mäori portfolio,
identifies the research contracts funded from other FRST output classes with a
Mäori specific component. This document
identifies that there is a total of 42 contracts with a component specific to
Mäori. The total Mäori specific FRST
investment in these contracts is $3.63m in 2001/2002. This is made of $0.82m social research, $0.88m environmental
research, and $1.92m economic related research.
The Mäori resource management specific components
cover areas such as customary fishing, ethnobotany and facilitating Mäori
involvement in environmental management from river management to protection of
taonga species and areas.
Mäori Human Capital
Development
Human capital development is part of the overarching
strategic direction of the Mäori
Development and Advancement SPO.
This direction is for knowledge creation and human capital development
that will increase Mäori participation in research and enable Mäori to be
proactive participants in technological change, innovation and the emergence of
new technology-based industries. This
will encompass the development of an improved research environment in which to
conduct Mäori related research and a demonstrable increase in Mäori research
capability. The strategic directions
and strategic objectives provide opportunities for the development of skills
that will enable Mäori to participate in research. In addition, actual participation in the research process will
enhance Mäori research skills. The SPO
places a particular emphasis on the development of research and technological
skills in advanced technology and premium earning sectors of the economy. Human capital development links to educational
issues for Mäori.
FRST also administers a range of scholarships
targeted at developing science and technology research skills at postgraduate
level. These include the Tuapapa
Putaiao Mäori fellowship scheme. The
objectives of this scheme are to: increase the number of Mäori graduating with
Masters and PhD degrees in science, technology and engineering disciplines: to
create positive role models in science, technology and engineering for young
Mäori: and to enhance Mäori participation and achievement in science,
technology and engineering at school.
The Scheme is open to recent graduates who can adequately demonstrate
Mäori descent, and who are involved in the Mäori community and have its
support. Information on this scheme and
other FRST scholarship schemes can be obtained at:
http://www.frst.govt.nz/public/fellowships/fellow.htm
Other fellowships that are available include the
Bright Future and enterprise fellowships that provide matching finance for an
enterprise to take on a research student.
It encourages strong enterprise/education linkages in respect of
research.
New FRST Mäori
Staff
Two new positions have been created within FRST to
focus on engaging Mäori in the RS & T system. These positions are:
Portfolio
Manager- Mäori Development) focused on working with Mäori and other stakeholders to refine FRST
Mäori related investment strategies, identify Mäori research priorities and the
integration of these in these in investment and portfolio negotiation
processes. John Kape (Ngati Kahungunu)
has been appointed to this position.
Investment
Manager, Mäori Innovation focused on engaging Mäori in FRST economic related investment schemes
particularly the Technology New Zealand grant scheme. TechNZ provides grants to businesses for the creation and
application of new technology for business growth. Alan Groves (Rakiura Mäori/Ngäi Tahu) has been appointed to this
position.
Conclusion
Government R, S &T policy has shifted the focus
of FRST from being an allocator of R, S &T funding to that of a strategic
investor in R, S &T outcomes. FRST
is expected to design research portfolios that are responsive to Mäori and has
developed the Mäori Development and
Advancement SPO to provide direction for its investments in delivering
beneficial outcomes to Mäori. It
intends to take a more proactive role to facilitate Mäori engagement in R, S
&T aligned to these directions and priorities identified by Mäori. FRST has taken on new staff to progress the
implementation of these directions across FRST output classes.
APPENDIX 1
INDICATIVE
PORTFOLIO
RANGAHAU PUTAIAO MÄORI: Background rationale and mapping of current contracts.
The Rangahau
Putaiao Mäori (Mäori Development)
portfolio is aligned to the Mäori
Development and Advancement SPO.
This SPO focuses on knowledge generation that will contribute to
improved well-being, self-reliance, prosperity, equity, justice and political
effectiveness for Mäori. The six strategic objectives of the SPO are related
to:
- Human Capital
Development;
- Economic Development;
- Social Enhancement;
- Governance;
- Resource Management;
and
- Culture.
The existing contracts mapped to this portfolio are
primarily aligned with one of the SPO strategic objectives but also relate to
other objectives.
The Mäori Knowledge and Development Output Class
funds the contracts that have been mapped to the Mäori Development
portfolio.
FRST also funds Mäori related research from other
FRST portfolios. These contracts have
been grouped into three distinct themes Mäori economic development; Mäori
social well-being; and Mäori resource management.
A list of FRST funded Mäori specific research
contracts is provided in Table 1. This table lists the portfolio
those contracts are funded from. Note
this table does not include Mäori specific contracts funded from TechNZ, GPRSD,
NERF or fellowships.
Mäori development related research is consistent
with Article Two of the Treaty of Waitangi being based on the distinct identity
of Mäori as tangata whenua, who have a unique heritage, inalienable resources,
a particular relationship to the environment and a set of shared aspirations.
It provides supports for Mäori to base critical research on emerging scientific
Mäori paradigms and methodologies and for the protection and maintenance of
Mätauranga Mäori (Mäori knowledge).
Mäori advancement is essentially about ensuring that
Mäori have equitable access to the wider Aotearoa/ New Zealand society and
economy and addressing issues of Mäori/non-Mäori disparities. Mäori advancement is based on the principle
that Mäori, as one of the significant population groups within Aotearoa/New
Zealand should be treated equitably and have genuine opportunities that lead to
beneficial outcomes that are similar to other groups. As such it is associated with the principles of article 3 of the
Treaty of Waitangi.
Table 1.
Existing FRST Mäori Specific Contracts (July 2001)
7
|
Mäori Development:
Rangahau Putaiao Mäori (Funded by Mäori Knowledge
and Development Output Class) |
||||
|
Provider |
Contract |
Full
Title |
Portfolio |
|
|
Massey
University |
MAUX0001 |
Best
Outcomes for Mäori: Mäori profiles Te Hoe Nuku Roa |
Mäori |
|
|
Massey
University |
MAUX0002 |
Best
Outcomes for Mäori: Mäori Language revitalisation, Toi te Kupu |
Mäori |
|
|
University
of Waikato |
UOWX0005 |
Mäori
Sustainable Development in Te Puku o te Ika |
Mäori |
|
|
University
of Auckland |
UOAX0008 |
Capacity
Building for Sustainable Development in Tai Tokerau |
Mäori |
|
|
Auckland
Uniservices Ltd |
AULX0001 |
A
Sustainable Mäori Tourism for Tai Tokerau |
Mäori |
|
|
University
of Canterbury |
UOCX0004 |
Sustainability
on Mäori-owned Indigenous Forest |
Mäori |
|
|
Te
Whare Wänanga o Ngati Porou |
TWWX0001 |
Mäori
Community Goals for Ecosystem Health |
Mäori |
|
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
CO9X0004 |
Ethnobotany:
Conserving Culturally Valued plants (part 1) |
Mäori |
|
|
Rakiura
Titi Islands Committee |
RTIX0001 |
Harvests
of Titi by Mäori |
Mäori |
|
|
Te
Papa Tongarewa Museum of NZ |
MNZX0004 |
Bridge
and Barrier: 800 years of Mäori Culture in the Cook Strait |
Mäori |
|
|
University
of Auckland |
UOAX0013 |
Contact,
Colonisation, Environmental and Economic Change in Pre-Treaty Northern
Aotearoa/New Zealand |
Mäori |
|
|
University
of Waikato |
UOWX0021 |
Te Kete a Tini Rauhanga: an investigation of the native
medicinal flora used by Tuhoe (Rongoa Mäori) |
Mäori |
|
|
Existing FRST Contracts of Mäori Related Research funded by Other
FRST Portfolio |
||||
|
Theme 1: Mäori Social
Well-being (Funded by Social Research
Output Class) |
||||
|
Provider |
Contract |
Full
Title |
Portfolio
|
|
|
Barnardo’s
New Zealand |
BARX0001 |
Healthy
Whanau/Families – What Makes the Difference? |
Family and Community
Well-being |
|
|
CRESA |
RESX0001 |
Sustainable
Housing in Disadvantaged Communities |
Family and Community
Well-being |
|
|
The
Family Centre |
FAMX0001 |
Investigating
Poverty |
Resource Generation and
Distribution |
|
|
The
Family Centre |
FAMX0002 |
The
Impact of Urban to Rural Migration on Low Income Families |
Resource Generation and
Distribution |
|
|
University
Of Otago |
UOOX0013 |
Socio-economic
Status and Well-being |
Resource Generation and
Distribution |
|
|
Victoria
Link Ltd |
VICX0004 |
Inter-generational
Relations and Positive Ageing |
Family and Community
Well-being |
|
|
University
of Waikato |
UOWX0001 |
New
Zealand Election Study 1999-2002 |
Public Life |
|
|
University
of Waikato |
UOWX0007 |
Laws
and Institutions for Aotearoa/New Zealand |
Public Life |
|
|
University
of Waikato |
UOWX0002 |
New
Demographic Directions: Regional, Generational, National and International
Dimensions |
Population Dynamics |
|
|
University
of Auckland |
UOAX0030 |
Strengthening Communities Through Local
Partnerships |
Family and Community
Well-being |
|
|
Theme 2: Mäori Economic
Development (Funded by Research for
Industry) |
||||
|
Provider |
Contract |
Full
Title |
Portfolio |
|
|
Lincoln
University |
LINX0004 |
Improved
Management of Tourist Flows and Effects |
Tourism, Leisure,
Recreation and Sport |
|
|
CRESA |
RESX0003 |
Integrating
ecological, economic, social and cultural (including Mäori) factors in the
planning and management of natural areas for tourism and other uses |
Tourism, Leisure,
Recreation and Sport |
|
|
Martech Consulting Group Ltd |
MRTC0001 |
Building
business capabilities within New Zealand Tourism Industry SMEs through the
adoption of information technology and e-business solutions |
Tourism, Leisure,
Recreation and Sport |
|
|
NIWA |
CO1X0002 |
Increased
Economic Growth Through Aquaculture |
Niche (Seafood) |
|
|
NIWA |
CO1X0004 |
Sustainability
and Enhancement of Coastal Fisheries of Economic and Cultural Importance |
Environmental Protection
(Marine) Sustainable Systems and
Communities Multiple Stakeholder
Management |
|
|
NIWA |
CO1X0005 |
Sustainability
and Enhancement of Whitebait Fisheries |
Biodiversity Sustainable Systems and
Communities |
|
|
NIWA |
CO1X0006 |
Sustainability
of Commercial and Cultural Eel Fisheries |
Biodiversity Sustainable Systems and
Communities |
|
|
NIWA |
C01X0001 |
Marine
Biotechnology: New Opportunities for Industry |
Health and Well-being, New
Opportunities |
|
|
Cawthron
Institute |
CAWX0002 |
Native
Seaweed Aquaculture |
Niche (Seafood) |
|
|
Cawthron
Institute |
CAWX0002 |
Shellfish
Aquaculture: Culture Techniques, Selective Breeding, Shellfish Health,
Cryopreservation |
Niche (Seafood) |
|
|
Massey
University |
MAUX0009 |
Building
Competence in Technological Learning (Dairy Industry) |
Innovation in the Global
Economy |
|
|
Industrial
Research Ltd |
CO8X0005 |
Natural
Products Processing |
Biotechnology |
|
|
Industrial
Research Limited |
C08X0004 |
Biologically
Active Products |
Biotechnology &
Bioactives |
|
|
Crop
& Food |
C02X0005 |
Knowledge
of Plant-Based Foods for Healthier Eating |
Health and Well-being
(Vege) |
|
|
Crop
& Food |
C02X0015 |
Native
Ornamental Plants |
New Products and
Presentations |
|
|
HortResearch |
C06X0006 |
Kiwifruit:
Novel Fruits, New Technologies, Future Consumers and their Well-being |
Novel Fruit Products Fruit Quality and
Enhancement Health and Well-being Sustainable Fruit-based
Industries |
|
|
University
of Waikato |
UOWX0016 |
Socio-economic
Impacts of ICT |
Socio-economic Impacts of
Innovations |
|
|
IGNS |
C05X0004 |
Sustainable
Management of Geothermal & Mineral Resources |
NEET Mineral Wealth |
|
|
ESR |
C03X0002 |
Food
Integrity – Safeguarding Environmental Health and Market Access for NZ Food
Products |
Quality, Safety and Market
Access |
|
|
University
of Auckland |
UOAX0021 |
Incorporating
Tangata Whenua Values in Scientific Decision-making: What and How? |
Sustainable Biotechnology |
|
|
Theme 3: Mäori Resource
Management (Funded by Environmental
Research Output Class) |
||||
Provider |
Contract |
Full
Title |
Portfolio |
|
|
ESR |
C03X0003 |
Safe
and Beneficial Use of Sewage Sludge (Biosolids) on Land |
Sustainable Cities and
Settlements Integration Mineral Wealth |
|
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
C09X0004 |
Ethnobotany:
Conserving Cultural Valued Plants (part 2) |
Biodiversity |
|
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
C09X0005 |
Changing
Landscapes and Restoration of Biodiversity Management |
Biodiversity |
|
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
C09X0006 |
Carbon
and Biodiversity Dynamics in Forests and Shrublands |
Biodiversity Earth Systems and Past
change Ocean, Atmosphere and
Climate variability Future Resource
Development |
|
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
C09X0008 |
Reducing
Exposure of People and Wildlife to Contaminants |
Sustainable Cities and
Settlements Integration Biotechnology Sustainable Biotechnology Resource – Processes,
State and Change |
|
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
C09X0009 |
Mitigating
Mammalian Pest Impacts |
Biosecurity Sustainable Systems and
Communities Animal Health and Welfare Biotech Applications |
|
|
Landcare
Research Ltd |
C09X0014 |
Integrated
Land and Water Resource Management in Complex Catchments |
Sustainability through
Integration and Innovation Resources – Processes,
State, Changes Sustainable Cities and
Settlement Integration Advancing the Human
Dimension |
|
|
NIWA |
C01X0007 |
Fishing:
Ecosystem Effects and Resource Sustainability |
Environmental Protection
(Marine) Sustainable Systems and
Communities Multiple Stakeholder
Management |
|
|
NIWA |
C01X0022 |
River
Ecosystems and Land-use Interactions |
Environmental Protection |
|
|
NIWA |
C01X0025 |
Effects
of Sediment on Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems |
Environmental Protection |
|
|
NIWA |
C01X0026 |
Marine
Biodiversity and Systematics |
Biodiversity Biosecurity |
|
|
NIWA |
C01X0003 |
Sustainability
and Enhancement of Coastal Reef Fisheries of Economic and Cultural Importance |
Environmental Protection Sustainable Systems and
Communities |
|
|
AgResearch
Ltd |
C10X0007 |
Global
change process in terrestrial ecosystems |
Environmental Protection
(Marine) Sustainable Systems and
Communities Multiple Stakeholder
Management |
|
|
AgResearch
Ltd |
C10X0008 |
Environmental
Impacts of New Technologies |
Sustainable Biotechnology |
|
|
University
of Waikato and Massey University |
UOWX0006 |
Planning
Under a Cooperative Mandate |
Sustainable Cities and
Settlements Integration |
|
|
University
of Waikato and Massey University |
UOWX0006 |
Planning
Under a Cooperative Mandate |
Sustainable Cities and
Settlements Integration |
|
|
University
of Canterbury |
UOCX0004 |
Sustainability
of Mäori owned Indigenous Forest |
Sustainability through
Integration and Innovation |
|
Discussion
[The speakers
wished to provide a clearer re-wording of their responses to questions. We have
included these, along with the original responses].
Question/Comment (Tungia Baker)
Thank-you for your presentation which was very
exciting and gives room for a lot of discussion. Are you going to make the OHPs available or copies of the OHP
available for us?
JK - Absolutely.
TB
- What does FRST really mean when it says disparity
gap?
JK
- I made a
clear distinction there between Mäori knowledge and development which is very
much about Mäori control, Mäori approaches and things Mäori. Mäori advancement is what we mean when we
are talking about disparity: to what extent Mäori are actually researchers
within the Research Science and Technology system. Also, to what extent are we actually addressing social gaps,
through the investments that we make in the social area. That is what I mean by
disparities in that area.
[EXPLANATION]. This relates to a lower
achievement by Mäori relative to non-Mäori across a range of indicators
including lower average income, poorer health status, higher unemployment and
lower educational achievement. FRST invests in research designed to improve
understanding of socio-economic disparities. It places particular emphasis for
research designed to develop positive socio-economic enhancement strategies and
development of new wealth creating opportunities for Mäori. The FRST goal of
Mäori advancement is designed to address issues of disparity. One particular
indicator we seek to address is the lower relative participation by Mäori in
postgraduate tertiary education at Masterate and PhD level through the
provision of scholarships for Mäori. This is to increase Mäori participation in
science and innovation. FRST places higher relative importance on Mäori development that
is the positive development of Mäori lives, resources and knowledge that
recognises the distinct cultural identity and heritage of Mäori.
Question/Comment
(Tungia Baker)
When the investment is being made at a graduate and
postgraduate level, I think that is what you need to signal very clearly to
Mäori people when you invite them to participate. For example, in the health industry, Mäori participation in the
nursing sector is only 8%. This is a
reflection of how successful our education programme is in pushing people
through to actually get there. How does
FRST design an investment that will make it possible to actually go beyond the
graduate and post graduate level? What
is FRST doing to address that?
JK
- I think that is a New Zealand wide responsibility.
First of all, there is the issue of how we, as a country, encourage and support
science. How do we get our kaumätua to say “science is good,” “get into this
field,” or “invest in your education for the future.” I will speak on my own behalf about where I think the opportunity
lies. We need to develop a culture in
New Zealand that values science and that values science approaches. New Zealand doesn’t have a New Zealand
science TV programme for example. We
need to infuse those values right throughout the community. Now in terms of our research programmes, we
both need to be investing in positive role models - young Mäori who are going
to be studying and working in the future.
We must make sure that those people have clear career paths so they act
as role models for the Mokipuna that are growing up. But I think to a large
extent, the responsibility is on other agencies. You know, your question is also quite appropriate to be put to
the Ministry of Education. So there is an issue about how we co-ordinate with
other Government agencies to ensure those values are being supported across the
board and being directed towards the education of young people. FRST’s
principle focus is at the research level.
[EXPLANATION]: The criteria for assessing
proposals include the contribution to delivering an outcome and Research,
Science & technology excellence. Postgraduate qualifications are not a
prerequisite but appropriate research methodologies and skills need to be in
place to enable the delivery of outcomes. FRST is committed to the principle
that Mäori related research be undertaken by Mäori. Its pursues different
pathways to enable this. The development of Mäori research capability in
research contracts and through its fellowships and scholarships, including the
Tuapapa Putaiao Fellowship scheme is important here. It will be seeking to
align Mäori research and innovation capability development with research areas
that are important for Mäori development and advancement. The objective is to
get more Mäori with postgraduate qualifications skilled in science, technology
and engineering and more Mäori into the business of science.
FRST also encourages research
providers to work in collaboration with Mäori to undertake research that will
benefit Mäori. The Ngati Porou lead research contract is a good example of this
type of collaboration. This programme was initiated by Landcare Research and
lead by them for the first four years. During this time Te Whare Wänanga o
Ngati Porou research capacity to lead and undertake the research programme was
developed. Ngati Porou now lead the programme, undertake research and contract
in other research providers to achieve the objectives of the programme. FRST
encourages this type of collaboration.]
TB - Thank-you. I want to applaud your approach on
research and inviting more Mäori participation. But I am aware that the model that is being used is a
eurocentric model and we need to be aware of the impact of that on so-called
Mäori ownership and control.
Response (Paul Pearson)
Just to respond to the last point. I think the Mäori Knowledge and Development
output class is very much about Mäori control.
The one other thing I’ll mention here is that investments in Mäori
development and advancement have to demonstrate key strategic principles and
behaviours. They include: (1) by and for Mäori, (2) consultation with Mäori,
(3) ensuring that the research projects are actually responding to Mäori
interests. Researchers are making the effort to find out what research
priorities are for different iwi, hapü and Mäori and to develop programmes
around that. And also they need to
ensure that Mäori are involved in doing the research. The other key behaviour
is that intellectual and cultural property are protected to the point where it
is an absolute must that the iwi and hapü are comfortable with the
relationship.
[EXPLANATION]: This is true. Western
science is conducted in a eurocentric framework. FRST is seeking to develop a
better environment in which to conduct Mäori related research. It is doing this
by supporting the use of Mäori approaches to research, including the use of
holistic approaches, the use of te reo Mäori as well as the protection and
maintenance of mätauranga Mäori; working with Mäori stakeholders to identify
and invest in Mäori research priorities; developing Mäori research skills;
involving Mäori in reference groups that make recommendations on proposals to
be funded across output classes and encouraging research providers to work in
collaboration with Mäori. The Mäori
knowledge and development output class is more closely aligned to Mäori control
in its kaupapa Mäori focus. FRST and the HRC appoint a Mäori reference group to
make recommendations for this output class.
Question/Comment (Brett Stephenson, Te
Whare Wänanga o Awanu Aorangi)
How do you judge a ‘good outcome’?
JK - This is something the Foundation needs to do
a lot more work on. We actually need to
get a better grip on evaluating what outcomes are actually produced from
research. We need to develop how we actually assess the researchers, what the
research is going to produce and how it is going to produce a benefit in the
end. Protection of the taonga species
is an example of an outcome. Some
research that actually closes a social disparity gap, or that leads to the
closing of a gap or that improves an understanding of social disparity may be
an outcome. Now, the Government, in its
Blue Print for Change, has defined a set of 14 target outcomes that are stated
very broadly. The Mäori outcomes talk
about Mäori achieving wellbeing, justice, political effectiveness,
environmental protection. So I think when we are talking about outcome, we’re
actually wanting to see that there is some positive result coming from the
research project and that we’re not just doing science for science sake.
[EXPLANATION]: In this context a good
outcome is one that contributes knowledge that will benefit Mäori. The Mäori Development
and Advancement SPO identifies the type of knowledge outcomes that are sought.
BS - So are you are virtually
avoiding doing basic science research nowadays? Is it fairly directed
research ?
JK - No. Our duty
is to ensure the portfolios are balanced and that there is a mix of basic,
applied and very applied research.
BS -
There is so little in basic science that you could say was going to be
good until it has actually happened.
You might have a good intention, but you can hardly predict your result
otherwise you wouldn’t be doing it.
[EXPLANATION]: FRST research portfolios invest in a range of basic and applied
research from higher risk science push to lower risk more applied and close to
market/end user type research. It is true that the research is purpose driven
and evidence is sought that an investment is likely to lead to a good outcome.
FRST is strengthening its assessment and evaluation capacity to determine the
outcomes of its investments in terms of benefit to New Zealand. The New Economy
Research Fund (NERF) supports basic research that will develop knowledge and
capability in areas where industries are yet to emerge. The Marsden Fund administered by the Royal
Society invests in fundamental science push research. Both NERF and the Marsden
Fund received increased funding in the 2000/2001 budget.
Question/Comment (Brett Stephenson, Te
Whare Wänanga o Awanu Aorangi)
You have a mission to seek. Could you describe how you are seeking
participants in the FRST funding relationship?
Could you describe a project that you’ve sought participants for the
research part?
JK
- First of all, the ‘Blue Print for Change’ and the ‘Outcome
statement’ were developed through an inclusive approach and there is a Mäori
‘Foresight’ group of about 20-25 people who are involved in that process. We ask for a request for proposals so we can
bring together reference groups that actually help to define what is the
particular area or research question that needs to be asked. This is one way of us seeking requests. Then we seek requests for proposals so that
anybody who has a research capacity can put their project up to answer those
specific questions.
PP - The
second aspect concerns how we set our strategy. The ‘Strategic Portfolio Outlines’ (SPOs) are done through a
participation process so the engagement happens before the funds are
allocated. That engagement is
ongoing. We look at the sector and the
stake holders and get the participation to the point where we know what the
research issues might be and what the priorities might be.
[EXPLANATION]: A range of Mäori stakeholders were involved in the development of the
Mäori Development and Advancement SPO. This is a kaupapa Mäori orientated
research strategy. The reference group considering applications for the Mäori
Knowledge and Development output class tender consists of Mäori with a range of
relevant expertise and experience. Mäori have also been involved in the
development of other SPOs and participate in reference groups across social,
economic and environmental output classes.
FRST has appointed two new staff to work with Mäori in order to identify
Mäori research priorities and refine its investment strategies. Professor Mason
Durie is a member of the FRST board.
Question/Comment (Rau Kirikiri)
I am wondering whether the Foundation is actually
looking far enough ahead. In about five
years time will you were able look back to today and see an increase in the
number of the projects that are being led by a Mäori organisation? Of all the current projects you had up on
your slide, only one is actually being led by a Mäori organisation. The rest are being led by a Crown-funded
Research Institute or a university. The
rest will all be led by Crown research institutes basically or universities.
Have you set a target so that in five years time you can say 50% at least or
80% of them are going to be led by Mäori organizations? Because it seems to me that it will continue
to carry on the way that it is now. Sure, you’ll have Mäori participating in
the programmes, but they will essentially be programmes being led by
universities, crown research institutes or whatever. It seems to me that it
would be smart for the Foundation to be setting targets of five years, or ten years,
for the percentage you would like to see of Mäori-led programmes. That seems to be a possible answer to one of
the questions. What do you actually do
to go out there and find more Mäori? I
don’t believe that you will succeed until you start setting those sorts of
targets.
Question/Comment (Kelly Davis)
Kia ora korua, nga mihi atu ki a korua. I want to talk about the eel fishery
programme brought up by Paul Pearson.
Now we have an eel fishery programme in the South Island but to date we
(Mäori) have not been involved in any of the current science research
programmes that NIWA has run or otherwise.
I personally have been involved in independent research in the eel
fishery industry purely for the sake of getting in the door. When is the science world going to allow us
to put the projects forward that we see as being of benefit to the iwi
Mäori? Kia ora.
PP - A big issue there concerns how we actually
create an incentive for research providers to go out and ask Mäori what
research projects they think should be undertaken. We’ve addressed this by shifting to take a more strategic role,
so that we look at the portfolios to
find out if there is appropriate Mäori participation in these areas. If not, we negotiate with the research
providers and we tell them that they actually need to go and ask these people
what they want. We send researchers a clear message that we will invest in
those areas. If its not clear what we
are funding, we will tell them that future funding may be conditional on
ensuring within particular programme areas that this process is
undertaken. Another thing we could
possibly look at doing is to set a minimum set of criteria for research
providers in terms of how they respond to Mäori research interests. All of these ideas are still under
discussion. It’s actually quite an
exciting time now for research funding in New Zealand to address some of these
challenges. We are here because we want
to open up that dialogue with you all and with Mäori to ensure that we are
starting to achieve some of the targets that Rau was talking about. Kia ora tatou.
[EXPLANATION]: FRST has responsibility to design research portfolios that area
responsive to the needs and diversity of Mäori. One of the key behaviours in
the Mäori Development and Advancement SPO is for consultation and meaningful
collaboration with Mäori. This means that providers who demonstrate meaningful
collaboration with Mäori are more likely to be funded than those who do not.
End user participation will need to be clearly shown in every step in the
execution of a research programme from inception to planning, implementation,
monitoring, training and the delivery of benefits. Progress on this will depend
on new funding in the Mäori output class and the staged review of other research
portfolios over the coming years. Now is a good time for Mäori to seek
productive collaborative arrangements with research providers and to develop
their research capability.