Accessibility Skip to Global Navigation Skip to Local Navigation Skip to Content Skip to Search Skip to Site Map Menu

Associate Professor Ross Kennedy

Clinical Associate ProfessorRoss Kennedy

MB ChB PhD(Otago) FANZCA

Email ross.kennedy@cdhb.health.nz

Research Interests

Include:

  • model volatile anaesthetic uptake and distribution
  • effect-site volatile anaesthetic levels needed for various levels of surgical stimulus
  • nitrous oxide kinetic analysis
  • the effect of depth of anaesthesia on long-term outcomes

Current projects

  • Quantifying the effect and variability of neuromuscular blocking drugs on patients undergoing surgery
    Summer Studentship study, thanks to the Anaesthetists’ Instrument Pool for funding this study.
  • Retrospective audit of use of blood & blood products during cardiac surgery
  • Degree of recovery from muscle relaxation administration at the completion of cardiac surgery & relationship with time to extubation.
  • Epidural-Related Paraesthesia In Labouring Women
  • The BALANCED Study
  • A comparison of model-based predictions of first response after anaesthesia with observed responses and the influence of hypnosedative drugs not included in the models study – (Accuracy of Predictions for Awakening).
  • IRORA – the Nerve Block Study. 
  • The Co-induction Study – Looking at the effect of low dose intravenous premedication (co-induction) on cardiac output and induction of anaesthesia.
  • Peri-operative Analgesic Requirements and Quality of Recovery.
  • The influence of surgery on sevoflurane brain levels and awakening from anaesthesia – The Sevoflurane Wakeup Study. 
  • The Effect of Changes in Cardiac Output on Sevoflurane Delivery in the Aisys Anaesthetic Machine Study (COCAD)
  • METS/CPEX Study – Measurement of Exercise Tolerance for Surgery (METS) Study. 
  • ISOS – International Surgical Outcomes Study. (Multi-national study, sponsored by the Queen Mary University, London)

^ Top of page

Publications

Kennedy, R. R., Macgregor, A., Currant, P., & van der Griend, B. F. H. (2022). An audit of patterns of inhalational anesthetic use during pediatric anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 134(4, Suppl.), (pp. 24). doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000825308.55890.5d

Kennedy, R., McKellow, M., Matthews, R., Shoorangiz, R., & Jones, R. (2022). EEG power and frailty: A preliminary investigation. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 50(1, Suppl.), (pp. 9-10). doi: 10.1177/0310057X211070785

Macgregor, A., Kennedy, R., Currant, P., & van der Griend, B. (2022). Volatile anaesthetic use in the paediatric population at Christchurch Hospital. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 50(1, Suppl.), (pp. 4). doi: 10.1177/0310057X211070785

Woirnarski, N. C. Z., Kennedy, R. R., Te, R., Agyekum, D. G., & Hao, D. (2021). Is low-flow anesthesia with sevoflurane safe? An interactive discussion. Translational Perioperative & Pain Medicine, 8(3), 359-364. doi: 10.31480/2330-4871/141

Kennedy, R. (2021, October). Machine learning: Monitoring your anaesthetic machine. Verbal presentation at the Aotearoa New Zealand Anaesthesia Annual Scientific Meeting, [Online].

Kennedy, R. R. (2020). Application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and signal analysis to drug administration in anaesthesia. In P. L. Gambus & J. F. A. Hendrickx (Eds.), Personalized anaesthesia: Targeting physiological systems for optimal effect. (pp. 82-102). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781316443217.006

Chapter in Book - Research

Kennedy, R. (2017). Lessons from drug interaction displays. In A. R. Absalom & K. P. Mason (Eds.), Total intravenous anesthesia and target controlled infusions: A comprehensive global anthology. (pp. 713-723). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-47609-4_39

Chapter in Book - Research

Corcoran, T. B., Myles, P. S., Forbes, A. B., Cheng, A. C., Bach, L. A., O'Loughlin, E., … for the PADDI Investigators, the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Clinical Trials Network, and the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network, including Kennedy, R. R., & McKellow, M. A. (2021). Dexamethasone and surgical-site infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 1731-1741. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2028982

Journal - Research Article

COVIDSurg Collaborative, including Haddow, J., Kennedy, R., & Pascoe, R. (2020). Elective surgery cancellations due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Global predictive modelling to inform surgical recovery plans. British Journal of Surgery, 107(11), 1440-1449. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11746

Journal - Research Article

De Baerdemaeker, A., Poelaert, J., Kennedy, R. R., De Wolf, A. M., & Hendrickx, J. F. A. (2019). The effect of isocapnic hyperventilation on early recovery after remifentanil/sevoflurane anesthesia in O2/air: A randomized trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 63, 455-460. doi: 10.1111/aas.13293

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., French, R. A., Vesto, G., Hanrahan, J., & Page, J. (2019). The effect of fresh gas flow during induction of anaesthesia on sevoflurane usage: A quality improvement study. Anaesthesia, 74, 875-882. doi: 10.1111/anae.14669

Journal - Research Article

Short, T. G., Campbell, D., Frampton, C., Chan, M. T. V., Myles, P. S., Corcoran, T. B., … for the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Clinical Trials Network and the Balanced Anaesthesia Study Group, including Kennedy, R., & McKellow, M. (2019). Anaesthetic depth and complications after major surgery: An international, randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 394, 1907-1914. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32315-3

Journal - Research Article

van der Griend, B. F. H., Vincent, A. R., & Kennedy, R. R. (2019). Observational audit of sevoflurane consumption during paediatric anaesthesia. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 47(3), 251-254. doi: 10.1177/0310057X19841008

Journal - Research Article

Szakmany, T., Ditai, J., Kirov, M., Protsenko, D., Osinaike, B., Venara, A., … on behalf of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS) group, including Dixon, L., … Kennedy, R., … Pascoe, R. (2017). In-hospital clinical outcomes after upper gastrointestinal surgery: Data from an international observational study. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 43, 2324-2332. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.08.002

Journal - Research Article

International Surgical Outcomes Study Group, including Haddow, J., Dixon, L., Kennedy, R., & Pascoe, R. (2016). Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: Prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 117(5), 601, 609. doi: 10.1093/bja/aew316

Journal - Research Article

Taylor, J., Dixon, L., Pascoe, R., Dobbs, B., Kennedy, R., & Frizelle, F. (2016). Elective surgical outcomes of patients in Christchurch, New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 129(1447), 64-71. Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Journal - Research Article

Hartwell, D. A., Grayling, M., & Kennedy, R. R. (2014). Low-cost high-fidelity anaesthetic simulation. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 42(3), 371-377.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R. (2014). New technology in anaesthesia: Friend or foe? Journal of Clinical Monitoring & Computing, 28(2), 113-116. doi: 10.1007/s10877-014-9557-7

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & French, R. A. (2014). A ten-year audit of fresh gas flows in a New Zealand hospital: The influence of the introduction of automated agent delivery and comparisons with other hospitals. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 42(1), 65-72.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R., McKellow, M., French, R., & Sleigh, J. (2013). Sevoflurane end-tidal to effect-site equilibration in women determined by response to laryngeal mask airway insertion. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 117(4), 786-791. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a46d4e

Journal - Research Article

Drummond, G. B., Bleach, L., Thomson, A. J., & Kennedy, R. R. (2012). Kinetics of anesthetic onset measured with a direct index of neural activity. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 115(3), 547-553. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182549490

Journal - Research Article

Drummond, G. B., Fisher, L., Pumphrey, O., & Kennedy, R. R. (2012). Direct measurement of nitrous oxide kinetics. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 109(5), 776-781. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes260

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & French, R. A. (2011). The development of a system to guide volatile anaesthetic administration. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 39(2), 182-190.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & Merry, A. F. (2011). The effect of a graphical interpretation of a statistic trend indicator (Trigg's Tracking Variable) on the detection of simulated changes. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 39(5), 881-886.

Journal - Research Article

Moran, E. M. L., French, R. A., & Kennedy, R. R. (2011). A New Zealand based cohort study of anaesthetic trainees' career outcomes compared with previously expressed intentions. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 39(5), 946-950.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., McKellow, M. A., & French, R. A. (2010). The effect of predictive display on the control of step changes in effect site sevoflurane levels. Anaesthesia, 65, 826-830. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06410.x

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R., Lee, A., & Frizelle, F. A. (2010). Influence of general health and degree of surgical insult on long-term survival. British Journal of Surgery, 97, 782-788. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6960

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., Merry, A. F., Warman, G. R., & Webster, C. S. (2009). The influence of various graphical and numeric trend display formats on the detection of simulated changes. Anaesthesia, 64(11), 1186-1191. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06082.x

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & French, R. A. (2008). Changing patterns in anesthetic fresh gas flow rates over 5 years in a teaching hospital. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 106(5), 1487-1490.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., Minto, C., & Seethepalli, A. (2008). Effect-site half-time for burst suppression is longer than for hypnosis during anaesthesia with sevoflurane. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 100(1), 72-77. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem314

Journal - Research Article

Gendall, K. A., Kennedy, R. R., Watson, A. J., & Frizelle, F. A. (2007). The effect of epidural analgesia on postoperative outcome after colorectal surgery. Colorectal Disease, 9(7), 584-598. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2007.01274.x

Journal - Research Article

Gendall, K. A., Raniga, S., Kennedy, R., & Frizelle, F. A. (2007). The impact of obesity on outcome after major colorectal surgery. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 50(12), 2223-2237.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. (2006). Predictive performance of a model of anaesthetic uptake with desflurane. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 34(2), 197-202.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & Sakowska, M. M. (2006). The relationship between calculated effect-site sevoflurane levels and awakening from anaesthesia. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 34(6), 713-718.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R. (2005). The effect of using different values for the effect-site equilibrium half-time on the prediction of effect-site sevoflurane concentration: A simulation study. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 101, 1023-1028.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., French, R. A., & Gilles, S. (2004). The effect of a model-based predictive display on the control of end-tidal sevoflurane concentrations during low-flow anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 99, 1159-1163.

Journal - Research Article

Turner, M. J., McCulloch, T. J., Kennedy, R. R., & Baker, A. B. (2004). Pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane uptake into the brain. Anaesthesia, 59, 1201-1206.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & French, R. A. (2003). The effect of the interval between blood pressure determinations on the delay in the detection of changes: A computer simulation. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 96, 944-948.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R., & French, R. (2003). An audit of anaesthetic fresh-gas flow rates and volatile anaesthetic use in a teaching hospital. New Zealand Medical Journal, 116(1174). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/116-1174/438/content.pdf

Journal - Research Article

Audeau, A., Newell, P., Dobbs, B. R., Frizelle, F. A., & Kennedy, R. R. (2002). Postoperative epidural analgesia following elective major abdominal surgery in high risk patients. New Zealand Medical Journal, 115(1148), 69-72.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & Baker, A. B. (2001). The effect of cardiac output changes on end-expired volatile anaesthetic concentrations - a theoretical study. Anaesthesia, 56(11), 1034-1040.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & Baker, A. B. (2001). The effects of cardiac output changes on the end-tidal volatile anaesthetic concentrations. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 29(5), 535-538.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R., & French, R. A. (2001). A breathing circuit disconnection detected by anesthetic agent monitoring. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia / Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 48(9), 847-849.

Journal - Research Article

Mitchell, A. M., & Kennedy, R. R. (2001). Preoperative core temperatures in elective surgical patients show an unexpected skewed distribution. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia / Journal canadien d'anesthésie, 48(9), 850-853.

Journal - Research Article

French, R. A., & Kennedy, R. R. (1998). Common gas outlet disconnections with an Ayres T-piece. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 26, 665-670.

Journal - Research Article

French, R. A., & Kennedy, R. R. (1998). Disconnect alarm failure in detection of common gas outlet disconnection. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, 26(6), 665-670.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R. (1996). Linear approximation of Brody's equation to predict oxygen consumption. Journal of Clinical Monitoring & Computing, 12(1), 111-112.

Journal - Research Article

Kennedy, R. R. (1995). A modified Triggs Tracking Variable: as an 'advisory' alarm during anaesthesia. International Journal of Clinical Monitoring & Computing, 12, 197-204.

Journal - Research Article

Feldman, J. M., Hendrickx, J., & Kennedy, R. R. (2021). Carbon dioxide absorption during inhalation anesthesia: A modern practice. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 132(4), 993-1002. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005137

Journal - Research Other

Feldman, J. M., Hendrickx, J., & Kennedy, R. R. (2021). In response. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 133(2), e24-e25. doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005615

Journal - Research Other

Kennedy, R. R. (2021). Seeing the wood for the trees: Insights into reducing inhalational agent consumption. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 65, 861-862. doi: 10.1111/aas.13926

Journal - Research Other

Peyton, P. J., & Kennedy, R. R. (2021). The big match: Lung ventilation and blood flow during inhalational anesthesia and recovery: Is there a winning combination? Anesthesiology, 135(6), 948-950. doi: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004038

Journal - Research Other

Woirnarski, N. C. Z., Kennedy, R. R., Te, R., Agyekum, D. G., & Hao, D. (2021). Is low-flow anesthesia with sevoflurane safe? An interactive discussion. Translational Perioperative & Pain Medicine, 8(3), 359-364. doi: 10.31480/2330-4871/141

Journal - Research Other

Wood, C. F., & Kennedy, R. R. (2020). [Review of the book Maths, physics and clinical measurement for anaesthesia and intensive care]. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 131(4), e182. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005076

Journal - Research Other

De Baerdemaeker, A., De Wolf, A. M., Poelaert, J., Kennedy, R. R., & Hendrickx, J. F. A. (2019). Effectiveness of isocapnic hyperventilation: It is not the technique, it is the way you use it. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 63, 835-836. doi: 10.1111/aas.13357

Journal - Research Other

More publications...