Profile

Contact Details

Phone: +64 3 479 7044
Email: sunyoung.ma@otago.ac.nz

University Links

Position

Professor, Specialist Prosthodontist and Associate Dean (Postgraduate Studies)

Department

Department of Oral Rehabilitation

Qualifications

BDS DClinDent PhD

Research summary

Implant dentistry, removable prosthodontics, gerodontology, CAD/CAM dentistry

Teaching

BDS4 Year Chair
DENT461 Removable Prosthodontics Module co-ordinator
CLDN Complete Dentures and Gerodontology Module co-ordinator
CLDN Oral Implantology Module co-ordinator
Clinical supervision: DENT 461, DENT 551/561, CLDN 920, CLDN 9F

Memberships

New Zealand Association of Prosthodontists and Restorative Dentists
Academy of Australian and New Zealand Prosthodontists
International College of Prosthodontists
New Zealand Dental Association
International Team for Implantology

Clinical

DCNZ registered specialist prosthodontist with clinical expertise in fixed and removable prosthodontics and oral implantology

Research

Dr Ma’s research interest includes conducting clinical trials using different treatment modalities involving dental implants for patients especially in the older age group that need to replace their missing teeth. The main research outcome of interest includes biological success of the treatment as well as long-term clinical maintenance / complications issues for both clinicians and patients including any treatment impact on oral health related quality of life for these patients. Dr Ma is also the primary investigator evaluating the clinical stability of zirconia abutments in association with low-temperature degradation and wear at the titanium-zirconia implant-abutment interfaces.

With ongoing national and international collaborations in addition to previous successful research grants and continuous external research funding support, Dr Ma continues to produce research outputs in the areas of oral implantology and gerodontology. Dr Ma has had multiple international invitations to present her research in these areas and is currently working on several book chapters specifically in the area of implant overdentures.

She has supervised multiple undergraduate and postgraduate research projects and is actively involved as a reviewer for multiple international peer reviewed journals and grant applications. Dr Ma was also the recipient of the 2018 SJWRI Undergraduate Research Supervisor Award, and J. Morita Junior Investigator Award for Geriatric Oral Research, International Association for Dental Research (IADR, 2016).

Publications

Liu, X., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., & Choi, J. J. E. (2023). The impact of different polishing systems on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline crowns in relation to heat generation. Clinical & Experimental Dental Research. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/cre2.778 Journal - Research Article

Goh, R., Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., Atieh, M., Giraldo, D., & Li, K. C. (2023, July). The effect of implantoplasty on fracture resistance and implant surface changes, an in vitro and finite element analysis study. Verbal presentation at the Faculty of Dentistry Clinical and Research Excellence Symposium, Dunedin, New Zealand. Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Chiong, L., Choi, J., & Ma, S. (2023). Effects of different chairside CAM speeds on the roughness and marginal adaption of zirconia crowns: An in vitro study. International Journal of Prosthodontics & Restorative Dentistry, 13(1), 35-38. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1395 Journal - Research Article

Liu, X., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., & Choi, J. J. E. (2023). The influence of polishing on the mechanical properties of zirconia: A systematic review. Oral, 3, 101-122. doi: 10.3390/oral3010010 Journal - Research Other

Lau, X. E., Ma, S., & Choi, J. (2023). New aerosol-decreasing dental handpiece functions sufficiently decrease pulp temperature: An in vitro study. Journal of Prosthodontics, 13672. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13672 Journal - Research Article

2023

Journal - Research Article

Smith, S. C., Goh, R., Ma, S., Nogueira, G. R., Atieh, M., & Tawse-Smith, A. (2023). Periodontal tissue changes after crown lengthening surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi Dental Journal, 35, 294-304. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.03.004

Grymak, A., Badarneh, A., Ma, S., & Choi, J. J. E. (2023). Effect of various printing parameters on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of 3D-printed partial denture framework. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 140, 105688. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105688

Zheng, J., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., Waddell, J. N., & Choi, J. J. E. (2023). Different undercut depths influence on fatigue behavior and retentive force of removable partial denture clasp materials: A systematic review. Journal of Prosthodontics, 32, 108-115. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13519

Journal - Research Other

Liu, X., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., & Choi, J. J. E. (2023). The influence of polishing on the mechanical properties of zirconia: A systematic review. Oral, 3, 101-122. doi: 10.3390/oral3010010

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

2022

Chapter in Book - Research

Beumer, III, J., Faulkner, R. F., Lyons, K. M., Ma, S., Hanlin, S. M., & Orellana, D. (2022). Restoration of edentulous mandibles with overdentures. In J. Beumer, III, R. F. Faulkner, K. C. Shah & B. M. Wu (Eds.), Fundamentals of implant dentistry (Vol. 1): Prosthodontic principles. (2nd ed.) (pp. 123-158). Batavia, IL: Quintessence Publishing.

Garrett, N., Nishimura, I., Ma, S., & Lyons, K. M. (2022). Edentulous patients: Patterns of bone resorption and clinical outcomes with implants. In J. Beumer, III, R. F. Faulkner, K. C. Shah & B. M. Wu (Eds.), Fundamentals of implant dentistry (Vol. 1): Prosthodontic principles. (2nd ed.) (pp. 112-122). Batavia, IL: Quintessence Publishing.

Journal - Research Article

Atieh, M. A., Almutairi, A., Amir-Rad, F., Koleilat, M., Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., … Alsabeeha, N. H. M. (2022). A retrospective analysis of biological complications of dental implants. International Journal of Dentistry, 2022, 1545748. doi: 10.1155/2022/1545748

Zheng, J., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., Waddell, J. N., & Choi, J. J. E. (2022). Fatigue behavior of removable partial denture cast and laser-sintered cobalt-chromium (CoCr) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) clasp materials. Clinical & Experimental Dental Research, 8, 1496-1504. doi: 10.1002/cre2.645

Duncan, W. J., Ma, S., Siddiqi, A., & Osman, R. B. (2022). Zirconia versus titanium implants: 8-year follow-up in a patient cohort contrasted with histological evidence from a preclinical animal model. Materials, 15(15), 5322. doi: 10.3390/ma15155322

Goh, R., Tawse-Smith, A., Atieh, M., Duncan, W., Ma, S., & Li, K. C. (2022). The effect of implantoplasty on dental implant fracture resistance: A systematic review. IIUM Journal of Orofacial & Health Sciences, 3(1), 124-135. doi: 10.31436/ijohs.v3i1.113

Grymak, A., Waddell, J. N., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., & Choi, J. J. E. (2022). Evaluation of wear behaviour of various occlusal splint materials and manufacturing processes. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 126, 105053. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105053

Poma, M., Al Amri, F., Tawse-Smith, A., & Ma, S. (2022). How are you coping with the COVID-19 pandemic? Survey of undergraduate dental students' wellbeing during an unexpected global event. European Journal of Dental Education, 26, 459-467. doi: 10.1111/eje.12721

Journal - Research Other

Alsabeeha, N. H. M., Ma, S., & Payne, A. G. T. (2022). Mandibular 3-implant overdenture: A clinical report of a novel design. Gerodontology, 39, 425-428. doi: 10.1111/ger.12615

Paras, A., Ma, S., Waddell, J. N., & Choi, J. J. E. (2022). Denture-mucosa pressure distribution and pressure-pain threshold in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies: A literature review. Oral, 2, 112-125. doi: 10.3390/oral2010012

Grymak, A., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., Waddell, J. N., & Choi, J. J. E. (2022). Wear behavior of occlusal splint materials manufactured by various methods: A systematic review. Journal of Prosthodontics, 31, 472-487. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13432

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Seow, J. M., Ma, S., Choi, J. J. E., & Tawse-Smith, A. (2022). Repairability of 3D-printed dentures. New Zealand Medical Journal, 135(1557), (pp. 104-105). Retrieved from https://journal.nzma.org.nz/

2021

Journal - Research Article

Paras, A., Ma, S., Waddell, J. N., & Choi, J. J. E. (2021). Real-time in vitro measurement of denture-mucosa pressure distribution in a typical edentulous patient with and without implants: Development of a methodology. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104531

Atieh, M. A., Baqain, Z. H., Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., Almoselli, M., Lin, L., & Alsabeeha, N. H. M. (2021). The influence of insertion torque values on the failure and complication rates of dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research, 23, 341-360. doi: 10.1111/cid.12993

Grymak, A., Aarts, J. M., Ma, S., Waddell, J. N., & Choi, J. J. E. (2021). Comparison of hardness and polishability of various occlusal splint materials. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 115, 104270. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104270

Cheah, C., Lim, C., & Ma, S. (2021). The dentist will scan you now: The next generation of digital-savvy graduates. European Journal of Dental Education, 25, 232-237. doi: 10.1111/eje.12596

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Kao, A., Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., Duncan, W., & Reid, M. (2021). Titanium particulate release from mechanical surface instrumentation of titanium discs. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 32(22), (pp. 93). doi: 10.1111/clr.24_13856

2020

Journal - Research Article

Choi, J. J. E., Zwirner, J., Ramani, R. S., Ma, S., Hussaini, H. M., Waddell, J. N., & Hammer, N. (2020). Mechanical properties of human oral mucosa tissues are site dependent: A combined biomechanical, histological and ultrastructural approach. Clinical & Experimental Dental Research, 6, 602-611. doi: 10.1002/cre2.305

2019

Journal - Research Article

Chen, M. H.-M., Lyons, K., Tawse-Smith, A., & Ma, S. (2019). Resonance frequency analysis in assessing implant stability: A retrospective analysis. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 32(4), 317-326. doi: 10.11607/ijp.6057

Ma, S., Tawse-Smith, A., Brown, S. D. K., & Duncan, W. (2019). Immediately restored single implants in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla using a novel design: 5-year results from a prospective single-arm clinical trial. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research, 21, 344-351. doi: 10.1111/cid.12733

Al Lawati, I., Al Maskari, H., & Ma, S. (2019). "I am a lefty in a right-handed world": Qualitative analysis of clinical learning experience of left-handed undergraduate dental students. European Journal of Dental Education, 23, 316-322. doi: 10.1111/eje.12432

Atieh, M. A., Pang, J. K., Lian, K., Wong, S., Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., & Duncan, W. J. (2019). Predicting peri-implant disease: Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree analysis of risk indicators. Journal of Periodontology, 90, 834-846. doi: 10.1002/jper.17-0501

Journal - Research Other

Chen, M. H.-M., Lyons, K. M., Tawse-Smith, A., & Ma, S. (2019). Clinical significance of the use of resonance frequency analysis in assessing implant stability: A systematic review. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 32(1), 51-58. doi: 10.11607/ijp.6048

Awarded Doctoral Degree

Ma, S. (2019). Immediately placed single implants in the maxillary anterior zone: 5-year clinical study (PhD). University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/9658

2018

Journal - Research Article

Chew, M., Tompkins, G., Tawse-Smith, A., Waddell, N., & Ma, S. (2018). Reusing titanium healing abutments: Comparison of two decontamination methods. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 31(6), 613-618. doi: 10.11607/ijp.5881

Payne, A. G. T., Alsabeeha, N. H. M., Atieh, M. A., Esposito, M., Ma, S., & Anas El-Wegoud, M. (2018). Interventions for replacing missing teeth: Attachment systems for implant overdentures in edentulous jaws (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008001.pub2

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Bryant, J., Tompkins, G., Tawse-Smith, A., Waddell, J. N., & Ma, S. (2018). Comparison of using sodium hypochlorite with different immersion duration for decontaminating used implant healing abutments. New Zealand Dental Journal, 114(4), (pp. 190-191). [Abstract]

Chen, D., Sim, C. L., & Ma, S. (2018). Patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome of a single implant crown treatment completed in a University teaching setting. New Zealand Dental Journal, 114(4), (pp. 190). [Abstract]

Al Lawati, I., Al Maskari, H., & Ma, S. (2018). I am a lefty in a right-handed world: Qualitative analysis of clinical learning experience of left-handed undergraduate dental students. New Zealand Dental Journal, 114(4), (pp. 190). [Abstract]

2017

Journal - Research Article

Atieh, M. A., Tawse-Smith, A., Alsabeeha, N. H. M., Ma, S., & Duncan, W. J. (2017). The one abutment-one time protocol: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Periodontology, 88(11), 1173-1185. doi: 10.1902/jop.2017.170238

Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., Duncan, W. J., Gray, A., Reid, M. R., & Rich, A. M. (2017). Implications of wear at the titanium-zirconia implant-abutment interface on the health of peri-implant tissues. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 32(3), 599-609. doi: 10.11607/jomi.5014

Payne, A. G. T., Tawse-Smith, A., Wismeijer, D., De Silva, R. K., & Ma, S. (2017). Multicentre prospective evaluation of implant-assisted mandibular removable partial dentures: Surgical and prosthodontic outcomes. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 28(1), 116-125. doi: 10.1111/clr.12769

2016

Journal - Research Article

Ma, S., Waddell, J. N., Atieh, M. A., Alsabeeha, N. H. M., & Payne, A. G. T. (2016). Maxillary three-implant overdentures opposing mandibular two-implant overdentures: 10-year prosthodontic outcomes. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 29(4), 327-336. doi: 10.11607/ijp.4631

Tawse-Smith, A., Kota, A., Jayaweera, Y., Jansen van Vuuren, W., & Ma, S. (2016). The effect of standardised implantoplasty protocol on titanium surface roughness: An in-vitro study. Brazilian Oral Research, 30(1), e137. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0137

Ma, S., Tawse-Smith, A., De Silva, R. K., Atieh, M. A., Alsabeeha, N. H. M., & Payne, A. G. T. (2016). Maxillary three-implant overdentures opposing mandibular two-implant overdentures: 10-year surgical outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research, 18(3), 527-544. doi: 10.1111/cid.12325

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Ma, S., Tawse-Smith, A., & Alsabeeha, N. (2016). Clinical success of mandibular single-implant overdentures: 5-Year RCT results. Journal of Dental Research, 95(Spec Iss B), 1143. Retrieved from http://www.iadr.org/

2015

Chapter in Book - Research

Beumer, III, J., Faulkner, R. F., Lyons, K., Ma, S., Hanlin, S. M., & Okabe, H. (2015). Restoration of edentulous mandibles with overdentures. In J. Beumer, III, R. F. Faulkner, K. C. Shah & P. K. Moy (Eds.), Fundamentals of implant dentistry: Prosthodontic principles (Vol. 1). (pp. 39-74). Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence.

Journal - Research Article

Ma, S., & Fenton, A. (2015). Screw- versus cement-retained implant prostheses: A systematic review of prosthodontic maintenance and complications. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 28(2), 127-145.

Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., Wu, H., Yeah, A., Jansen Van Vuuren, L., & Jansen van Vuuren, W. (2015). Changes in surface characteristics of moderately roughened grade IV titanium disc following a standardised implantoplasty technique: An in-vitro study. Brazilian Journal of Periodontology, 25(2), 22-33.

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., Duncan, W. J., Swain, M. V., & Rich, A. M. (2015, November-December). Wear at the titanium-zirconia implant-abutment interfaces. Poster session presented at the 91st Annual Greater New York Dental Meeting (GNYDM), New York, NY.

2014

Journal - Research Article

Osman, R. B., & Ma, S. (2014). Prosthodontic maintenance of overdentures on zirconia implants: A-year results of a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 57(5), 461-468.

Thomson, W. M., & Ma, S. (2014). An ageing population poses dental challenges. Singapore Dental Journal, 35, 3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.sdj.2014.10.001

Osman, R. B., Swain, M. V., Atieh, M., Ma, S., & Duncan, W. (2014). Ceramic implants (Y-TZP): Are they a viable alternative to titanium implants for the support of overdentures? A randomized clinical trial. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 25(12), 1366-1377. doi: 10.1111/clr.12272

Osman, R. B., Morgaine, K. C., Duncan, W., Swain, M. V., & Ma, S. (2014). Patients’ perspectives on zirconia and titanium implants with a novel distribution supporting maxillary and mandibular overdentures: A qualitative study. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 25(5), 587-597. doi: 10.1111/clr.12106

Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles

Ma, S. (2014). [Review of the book Diagnosis and treatment in prosthodontics]. New Zealand Dental Journal, 110(1), 32. [Book Review].

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper

Ma, S., Hesson, G., Zeng, R., & Loke, S.-K. (2014). ImpressDent: Learning how to make dental impressions with a computer simulation. In B. Hegarty, J. McDonald & S.-K. Loke (Eds.), Proceedings of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ascilite) Conference: Rhetoric and Reality: Critical Perspectives on Educational Technology. (pp. 378-382). Retrieved from http://ascilite2014.otago.ac.nz/

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Lee, J. H. C., Waddell, J. N., Ma, S., & Swain, M. V. (2014). Strain distribution within mandibular implant overdentures: An in-vitro study. Journal of Dental Research, 93(Spec Iss B), 1497. Retrieved from http://www.iadr.org

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Ma, S., Lau, A., Lee, J., Lee, L., & Painuthara, L. (2014, September). Single- vs two-implant overdentures: Is one treatment option more beneficial for our elderly edentulous patients? Poster session presented at the New Zealand Association of Gerontology Conference: The Age of Ageing, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Ma, S., & Tawse-Smith, A. (2014, March). Co-axis implants with single ceramic crowns: 5 year prosthodontic and peri-implant outcomes. Verbal presentation at the Southern Implants 25th Anniversary Conference, George, South Africa.

2013

Journal - Research Article

Osman, R. B., Elkhadem, A. H., Ma, S., & Swain, M. V. (2013). Finite element analysis of a novel implant distribution to support maxillary overdentures. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 28(1), e1-e10. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2303

Osman, R. B., Payne, A. G. T., Duncan, W., & Ma, S. (2013). Zirconia implants supporting overdentures: A pilot study with novel prosthodontic designs. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 26(3), 277-281. doi: 10.11607/ijp.2903

Journal - Research Other

Osman, R. B., Ma, S., Duncan, W., De Silva, R. K., Siddiqi, A., & Swain, M. V. (2013). Fractured zirconia implants and related implant designs: Scanning electron microscopy analysis. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 24(5), 592-597. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02411.x

Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles

Ma, S. (2013). [Review of the book Maxillofacial rehabilitation: Prosthodontic and surgical management of cancer-related, acquired, and congenital defects of the head and neck]. New Zealand Dental Journal, 109(4), 157. [Book Review].

2012

Journal - Research Article

Alsabeeha, N. H. M., Ma, S., & Atieh, M. A. (2012). Hydroxyapatite-coated oral implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 27(5), 1123-1130.

Osman, R. B., Payne, A. G., & Ma, S. (2012). Prosthodontic maintenance of maxillary implant overdentures: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 25(4), 381-391.

Journal - Research Other

Tawse-Smith, A., Ma, S., Siddiqi, A., Duncan, W. J., Girvan, L., & Hussaini, H. M. (2012). Titanium particles in peri-implant tissues: Surface analysis and histologic response [Case series]. Clinical Advances in Periodontics, 2(4), 232-238. doi: 10.1902/cap.2012.110081

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Osman, R., Ma, S., Duncan, W., & Swain, M. V. (2012). Zirconia implants: A paradigm shift or passing fad?! Proceedings of the BioMouth Conference. Retrieved from http://www.biomouth.org/

2011

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Osman, R. B., Elkhadem, A. H., Ma, S., & Swain, M. V. (2011, September). A finite element analysis of a novel implant distribution supporting maxillary overdentures. Poster session presented at the 14th Meeting of the International College of Prosthodontists (ICP), Big Island, Hawaii.

Ma, S., & Alsabeeha, N. H. (2011, September). Intention to treat: Conversion of a mandibular implant-assisted partial denture to a mandibular 3-implant overdenture. Poster session presented at the 14th Meeting of the International College of Prosthodontists (ICP), Big Island, Hawaii.

2010

Journal - Research Article

Ma, S., Tawse-Smith, A., Thomson, W. M., & Payne, A. G. T. (2010). Marginal bone loss with mandibular two-implant overdentures using different loading protocols and attachment systems: 10-year outcomes. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 23(4), 321-332.

Ma, S., & Payne, A. G. T. (2010). Marginal bone loss with mandibular two-implant overdentures using different loading protocols: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Prosthodontics, 23(2), 117-126.

2009

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Ma, S., & Payne, A. G. T. (2009, September). Innovative ideas for the rehabilitation of edentulism with maxillary and mandibular implant overdentures. Poster session presented at the 13th Meeting of the International College of Prosthodontists (ICP), Cape Town, South Africa.

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Ma, S., & Payne, A. G. T. (2009, September). Mandibular implant overdentures: Marginal bone loss over 10 years with different loading protocols and attachment systems. Verbal presentation at the 13th Meeting of the International College of Prosthodontists (ICP), Cape Town, South Africa.

Lam, D., & Ma, S. (2009, May). The team approach for single tooth replacement. Verbal presentation at the Faculty of Dentistry Clinical Excellence Day, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Ma, S. (2009, March). Mandibular implant overdentures: Marginal bone loss over 10 years with different loading protocols and attachment systems. Verbal presentation at the Faculty of Dentistry 3M Research Day, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Awarded Doctoral Degree

Ma, S. (2009). Marginal bone loss around two implants supporting mandibular overdentures (DClinDent). University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 102p.

2008

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Ma, S., Soo, L. F., Verma, R., Payne, A. G. T., & Duncan, W. (2008, June). A comparison of the functional and aesthetic requirements for two maxillary fixed implant bridge patients. Verbal presentation at the Clinical Excellence Symposium of Patient Care, Dunedin, New Zealand.