Professor Jennie Connor
Position | Chair of Preventive and Social Medicine |
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Department | Department of Preventive and Social Medicine |
Qualifications | MB ChB MPH BSc PhD DipObst FAFPHM |
Research summary | Epidemiology and Public Health: Alcohol, Sexual Health, Injury |
Teaching |
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Research
Jennie Connor is a public health physician and epidemiologist, who teaches epidemiology. She has 20 years of experience in public health research that has largely focussed on injury prevention, sexual and reproductive health, and the health impacts of alcohol. Professor Connor has completed two assessments of the "Alcohol-attributable burden of disease and injury in New Zealand" with international collaborators, including estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer. She is a medical spokesperson for Alcohol Action New Zealand, an incorporated society advocating for the adoption of evidence-based policy to reduce harm from alcohol.
Current research collaborations include evaluation of NZ’s alcohol legislation, quantifying alcohol’s harm to others, impacts of driving cessation on older drivers and their families, epidemiology of chlamydia in NZ, and sexual and reproductive health in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (theme leader).
Publications
Kypri, K., Maclennan, B., Brausch, S., Wyeth, E., & Connor, J. (2019). Did New Zealand's new alcohol legislation achieve its object of facilitating public input? Qualitative study of Māori communities. Drug & Alcohol Review. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/dar.12886
Kypri, K., Maclennan, B., Cousins, K., & Connor, J. (2018). Hazardous drinking among students over a decade of university policy change: Controlled before-and-after evaluation. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 15(10), 2137. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102137
Righarts, A., Osborne, L., Connor, J., & Gillett, W. (2018). The prevalence and potential determinants of dysmenorrhoea and other pelvic pain in women: A prospective study. BJOG, 125(12), 1532-1539. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15247
Connor, J. (2018). Is it time for New Zealand to adopt alcohol policy that will reduce the harm from alcohol? New Zealand Medical Journal, 1476(131), 11-13. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Connor, J., & Kypri, K. (2018). The alcohol industry, the government and the alleged defamation of public health advocates: A New Zealand case study. Drug & Alcohol Review. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/dar.12857
Chapter in Book - Research
Connor, J. (2011). The role of driver sleepiness in car crashes: A systematic review of epidemiological studies. In J. C. Verster & C. F. P. George (Eds.), Sleep, sleepiness and traffic safety. (pp. 29-51). New York: Nova Science.
Connor, J. L. (2009). The role of driver sleepiness in car crashes: A review of the epidemiological evidence. In J. C. Verster, S. R. Pandi-Perumal, J. G. Ramaekers & J. J. de Gier (Eds.), Drugs, Driving and Traffic Safety. (pp. 187-205). Basel, Switzerland: Berkhäuser.
Chapter in Book - Other
Sellman, D., Connor, J., & Robinson, G. (2013). Alcohol Action NZ. In P. Joyce, G. Nicholls, K. Thomas & T. Wilkinson (Eds.), The Christchurch experience: 40 years of research and teaching. (pp. 169-176). Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Otago.
Journal - Research Article
Kypri, K., Maclennan, B., Brausch, S., Wyeth, E., & Connor, J. (2019). Did New Zealand's new alcohol legislation achieve its object of facilitating public input? Qualitative study of Māori communities. Drug & Alcohol Review. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/dar.12886
Kypri, K., Maclennan, B., Cousins, K., & Connor, J. (2018). Hazardous drinking among students over a decade of university policy change: Controlled before-and-after evaluation. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 15(10), 2137. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102137
Righarts, A., Osborne, L., Connor, J., & Gillett, W. (2018). The prevalence and potential determinants of dysmenorrhoea and other pelvic pain in women: A prospective study. BJOG, 125(12), 1532-1539. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.15247
Begg, D., Brookland, R., & Connor, J. (2017). Associations of repeated high alcohol use with unsafe driving behaviours, traffic offences, and traffic crashes among young drivers: Findings from the New Zealand Drivers Study. Traffic Injury Prevention, 18(2), 111-117. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1224345
Kypri, K., Davie, G., McElduff, P., Langley, J., & Connor, J. (2017). Long-term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand. Drug & Alcohol Review, 36(2), 178-185. doi: 10.1111/dar.12378
Sellman, D., Connor, J., Robinson, G., & McBride, S. (2017). Alcohol reform – New Zealand style: Reflections on the process from 1984 to 2012. Psychotherapy & Politics International, 15(1), e1398. doi: 10.1002/ppi.1398
Boniface, S., Scholes, S., Shelton, N., & Connor, J. (2017). Assessment of non-response bias in estimates of alcohol consumption: Applying the continuum of resistance model in a general population survey in England. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0170892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170892
Connor, J., Kydd, R., Maclennan, B., Shield, K., & Rehm, J. (2017). Alcohol-attributable cancer deaths under 80 years of age in New Zealand. Drug & Alcohol Review, 36(3), 415-423. doi: 10.1111/dar.12443
Dickson, N. P., Righarts, A., van Roode, T., Cameron, C., & Connor, J. (2016). Do reports of age and circumstances of first intercourse differ in a birth cohort when asked seventeen years apart? Journal of Sex Research, 53(3), 321-330. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2015.1058891
Blank, M.-L., Connor, J., Gray, A., & Tustin, K. (2016). Alcohol use, mental well-being, self-esteem and general self-efficacy among final-year university students. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(3), 431-441. doi: 10.1007/s00127-016-1183-x
Marsh, L., Cousins, K., Gray, A., Kypri, K., Connor, J. L., & Hoek, J. (2016). The association of smoking with drinking pattern may provide opportunities to reduce smoking among students. Kōtuitui, 11(1), 72-81. doi: 10.1080/1177083X.2015.1128953
Kypri, K., Davie, G., McElduff, P., Langley, J., & Connor, J. (2015). Effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on weekend hospitalised assaults of young Māori in New Zealand. Drug & Alcohol Review, 34(3), 299-303. doi: 10.1111/dar.12241
Connor, J., Kydd, R., Shield, K., & Rehm, J. (2015). The burden of disease and injury attributable to alcohol in New Zealanders under 80 years of age: Marked disparities by ethnicity and sex. New Zealand Medical Journal, 128(1409). Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Connor, J. L., Kydd, R. M., & Dickson, N. P. (2015). Alcohol involvement in sexual behaviour and adverse sexual health outcomes from 26 to 38 years of age. PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0135660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135660
Kydd, R. M., & Connor, J. (2015). Inconsistency in reporting abstention and heavy drinking frequency: Associations with sex and socioeconomic status, and potential impacts. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 50(3), 333-345. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agu106
Blank, M.-L., Connor, J., Gray, A., & Tustin, K. (2015). Screening for hazardous alcohol use among university students using individual questions from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. Drug & Alcohol Review, 34(5), 540-548. doi: 10.1111/dar.12272
Cousins, K., Connor, J. L., & Kypri, K. (2014). Effects of the Campus Watch intervention on alcohol consumption and related harm in a university population. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 143, 120-126. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.015
Macmillan, A., Connor, J., Witten, K., Kearns, R., Rees, D., & Woodward, A. (2014). The societal costs and benefits of commuter bicycling: Simulating the effects of specific policies using system dynamics modeling. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(4), 335-344. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1307250
Kypri, K., Davie, G., McElduff, P., Connor, J., & Langley, J. (2014). Effects of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age on weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization in New Zealand. American Journal of Public Health, 104(8), 1396-1401. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2014.301889
Connor, J., Cousins, K., Samaranayaka, A., & Kypri, K. (2014). Situational and contextual factors that increase the risk of harm when students drink: Case-control and case-crossover investigation. Drug & Alcohol Review, 33(4), 401-411. doi: 10.1111/dar.12172
Herman, J., Kafoa, B., Wainiqolo, I., Robinson, E., McCaig, E., Connor, J., … Ameratunga, S. (2014). Driver sleepiness and risk of motor vehicle crash injuries: A population-based case control study in Fiji (TRIP 12). Injury, 45(3), 586-591. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.06.007
Connor, J., Psutka, R., Cousins, K., Gray, A., & Kypri, K. (2013). Risky drinking, risky sex: A national study of New Zealand university students. Alcoholism, 37(11), 1971-1978. doi: 10.1111/acer.12175
Mallard, S. R., Connor, J. L., & Houghton, L. A. (2013). Maternal factors associated with heavy periconceptional alcohol intake and drinking following pregnancy recognition: A post-partum survey of New Zealand women. Drug & Alcohol Review, 32, 389-397. doi: 10.1111/dar.12024
Astudillo, M., Connor, J., Roiblatt, R. E., Ibanga, A. K. J., & Gmel, G. (2013). Influence from friends to drink more or drink less: A cross-national comparison. Addictive Behaviors, 38(11), 2675-2682. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.06.005
Macmillan, A. K., Hosking, J., Connor, J. L., Bullen, C., & Ameratunga, S. (2013). A Cochrane systematic review of the effectiveness of organisational travel plans: Improving the evidence base for transport decisions. Transport Policy, 29, 249-256. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.06.019
Psutka, R., Connor, J., Cousins, K., & Kypri, K. (2012). Sexual health, risks, and experiences of New Zealand university students: Findings from a national cross-sectional study. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1361). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Meiklejohn, J., Connor, J., & Kypri, K. (2012). The effect of low survey response rates on estimates of alcohol consumption in a general population survey. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e35527. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035527
Meiklejohn, J., Connor, J. L., & Kypri, K. (2012). Drinking concordance and relationship satisfaction in New Zealand couples. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 47(5), 606-611. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/ags042
Connor, J., & Casswell, S. (2012). Alcohol-related harm to others in New Zealand: Evidence of the burden and gaps in knowledge. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1360). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Sopoaga, F., Connor, J. L., Dockerty, J. D., Adams, J., & Anderson, L. (2012). Training medical students in Pacific health through an immersion programme in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1349). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Meiklejohn, J., Connor, J., & Kypri, K. (2012). One in three New Zealand drinkers reports being harmed by their own drinking in the past year. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1360). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Psutka, R., Priest, P., Dickson, N., Connor, J., Azariah, S., Kennedy, J., … McIlraith, J. (2012). Sexual health and the Rugby World Cup 2011: A cross-sectional study of sexual health clinics in New Zealand. Sexual Health, 9(5), 466-471. doi: 10.1071/sh12076
Connor, J. L., Kypri, K., Bell, M. L., & Cousins, K. (2011). Alcohol outlet density, levels of drinking and alcohol-related harm in New Zealand: A national study. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 65, 841-846. doi: 10.1136/jech.2009.104935
Connor, J. L., Kypri, K., Bell, M. L., & Cousins, K. (2011). Alcohol involvement in aggression between intimate partners in New Zealand: A national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 1, e000065. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000065
Kypri, K., Samaranayaka, A., Connor, J., Langley, J. D., & MacLennan, B. (2011). Non-response bias in a web-based health behaviour survey of New Zealand tertiary students. Preventive Medicine, 53(4-5), 274-277. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.07.017
Williamson, A., Lombardi, D. A., Folkard, S., Stutts, J., Courtney, T. K., & Connor, J. L. (2010). The link between fatigue and safety. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(2), 498-515. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.11.011
Hosking, J., Macmillan, A., Connor, J., Bullen, C., & Ameratunga, S. (2010). Organisational travel plans for improving health (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD005575. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005575.pub3
Connor, J., Gray, A., & Kypri, K. (2010). Drinking history, current drinking and problematic sexual experiences among university students. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34(5), 487-494. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00595.x
Ameratunga, S., Tin, S. T., Connor, J., & Norton, R. (2010). Chronic neck pain following car crashes: A population-based study from Auckland, New Zealand. Internal Medicine Journal, 40(10), 704-709. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02101.x
Cunningham, R., Carter, K., Connor, J., & Fawcett, J. (2010). Does health status matter for the risk of injury? New Zealand Medical Journal, 123(1327). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1327/4479/content.pdf
Cousins, K., Connor, J. L., & Kypri, K. (2010). Reducing alcohol-related harm and social disorder in a university community: A framework for evaluation. Injury Prevention, 16(5), e1-e6. doi: 10.1136/ip.2010.027961
Connor, J., & Casswell, S. (2009). The burden of road trauma due to other people's drinking. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41, 1099-1103. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.06.019
Connor, J., You, R., & Casswell, S. (2009). Alcohol-related harm to others: A survey of physical and sexual assault in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1303). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1303/3793/content.pdf
McLean, R., & Connor, J. (2009). Alcohol and injury: A survey in primary care settings. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1303). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1303/3798/content.pdf
McDowell, A., Begg, D., Connor, J., & Broughton, J. (2009). Unlicensed driving among urban and rural Māori drivers: New Zealand drivers study. Traffic Injury Prevention, 10(6), 538-545. doi: 10.1080/15389580903321727
Ameratunga, S., Tin Tin, S., Coverdale, J., Connor, J., & Norton, R. (2009). Posttraumatic stress among hospitalized and nonhospitalized survivors of serious car crashes: A population-based study. Psychiatric Services, 60(3), 402-404. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.60.3.402
Åkerstedt, T., Connor, J., Gray, A., & Kecklund, G. (2008). Predicting road crashes from a mathematical model of alertness regulation: The Sleep/Wake Predictor. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(4), 1480-1485. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2008.03.016
Cashell-Smith, M. L., Connor, J. L., & Kypri, K. (2007). Harmful effects of alcohol on sexual behaviour in a New Zealand university community. Drug & Alcohol Review, 26, 645-651.
Jackson, R., Ameratunga, S., Broad, J., Connor, J., Lethaby, A., Robb, G., … Heneghan, C. (2006). The GATE frame: Critical appraisal with pictures. Evidence-Based Medicine, 11, 35-38.
Bramley, D., Broad, J., Jackson, R., Reid, P., Harris, R., Ameratunga, S., & Connor, J. (2006). Cardiovascular risk factors and their associations with alcohol consumption: Are there differences between Māori and non-Māori in Aotearoa (New Zealand)? New Zealand Medical Journal, 119(1232). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/119-1232/1929/content.pdf
Ameratunga, S. N., Norton, R. N., Connor, J. L., Robinson, E., Civil, I., Coverdale, J., … Jackson, R. T. (2006). A population-based cohort study of longer-term changes in health of car drivers involved in serious crashes. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 48(6), 729-736.
Wells, S., Mullin, B., Norton, R., Langley, J., Connor, J., Lay-Yee, R., & Jackson, R. (2004). Motorcycle rider conspicuity and crash related injury: Case-control study. British Medical Journal, 328(7444), 1-6.
Journal - Research Other
Connor, J. (2018). Is it time for New Zealand to adopt alcohol policy that will reduce the harm from alcohol? New Zealand Medical Journal, 1476(131), 11-13. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Connor, J., & Kypri, K. (2018). The alcohol industry, the government and the alleged defamation of public health advocates: A New Zealand case study. Drug & Alcohol Review. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/dar.12857
Sellman, D., & Connor, J. (2018). Why is alcohol in the government's 'too hard basket'? New Zealand Medical Journal, 131(1479), 8-10. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Connor, J. (2017). Improved health and welfare will flow from reductions in drinking. New Zealand Medical Journal, 130(1467), 8-10. Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Dorji, G., Pradhan, S., Tenzin, T., Miller, P., Connor, J., & Kypri, K. (2017). Blood alcohol and injury in Bhutan: Targeted surveillance in a national referral hospital emergency department [Brief report]. Injury Prevention, 23(1), 64-66. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041911
Swinburn, B., Vandevijvere, S., on behalf of submitting health professors, including Hornblow, A., Taylor, B., Drummond, B., Murdoch, D., Mangin, D., Sarfati, D., Sellman, D., Sopoaga, F., Thomson, G., Abel, G., Hoek, J., Connor, J., Krebs, J., Mann, J., McCall, J., Broughton, J., Toop, L., Signal, L., Beckert, L., Farella, M., Baker, M., Keall, M., Skeaff, M., Thomson, M., Wilson, N., Chandler, N., Priest, P., Brunton, P., Crampton, P., Gendall, P., Howden-Chapman, P., Taylor, R., Edwards, R., Gauld, R., McGee, R., Mulder, R., Derrett, S., Hales, S., Pullon, S., & Blakely, T. (2017). Proposed new industry code on unhealthy food marketing to children and young people: Will it make a difference? New Zealand Medical Journal, 130(1450), 94-101. Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Connor, J. (2017). Alcohol consumption as a cause of cancer. Addiction, 112(2), 222-228. doi: 10.1111/add.13477
Maclennan, B., Kypri, K., Connor, J., Potiki, T., & Room, R. (2016). New Zealand's new alcohol laws: Protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation. BMC Public Health, 16, 29. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2638-9
Kypri, K., Maclennan, B., & Connor, J. L. (2016). Effects of small incentives on survey response fractions: Randomised comparisons in national alcohol surveys conducted in New Zealand [Short Report]. European Journal of Public Health, 26(3), 430-432. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw035
Connor, J. (2016). Commentary on Fitzgerald et al. (2016): Gender differences in the impact of population-level policy interventions will depend upon what you measure. Addiction, 111(10), 1748-1749. doi: 10.1111/add.13466
Connor, J. (2016). Why do alcohol's assumed benefits have any role in policymaking? Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs, 77(2), 201-202. [Commentary].
Connor, J. (2015). Alcohol and chronic disease: Doubt remains about evidence but not about prevention. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 50(5), 491-492. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agv087
Kypri, K., Connor, J., & Sellman, D. (2015). The dissolution of the Alcohol Advisory Council: A blow for public health. New Zealand Medical Journal, 128(1409). Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Sellman, D., & Connor, J. (2014). Too many risky drinkers; too little alcohol law reform. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1401). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/
Kypri, K., Connor, J., Maclennan, B., & Sellman, D. (2013). What became of New Zealand's golden opportunity for liquor law reform? Drug & Alcohol Review, 32(6), 557-560. doi: 10.1111/dar.12075
Sellman, J. D., Connor, J. L., & Robinson, G. M. (2012). Will brief interventions in primary care change the heavy drinking culture in New Zealand? New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1354). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Sellman, J. D., Connor, J. L., Wells, J. E., & Joyce, P. R. (2011). The heavy drinking culture is primarily an adult issue: Not what you read in the newspapers [Correspondence]. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(4), 344. doi: 10.3109/00048674.2011.557650
Kypri, K., MacLennan, B., Langley, J. D., & Connor, J. L. (2011). The Alcohol Reform Bill: More tinkering than reform in response to the New Zealand public's demand for better liquor laws [Commentary]. Drug & Alcohol Review, 30(4), 428-433. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00320.x
McDowell, A., Begg, D., Connor, J., & Broughton, J. (2011). Road safety attitudes and opinions of newly licensed Māori car drivers: New Zealand Drivers Study [Letter]. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 35(1), 93. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00672.x
McCall, J., & Connor, J. (2010). Systematic reviews in public health research [Editorial]. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34(4), 343-344. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2009.00562.x
Sellman, J. D., Connor, J. L., & Joyce, P. R. (2010). How to reduce alcohol-related problems in adolescents: What can parents do and what can the government do? [Editorial]. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(9), 771-773. doi: 10.3109/00048674.2010.516425
Kypri, K., Langley, J. D., & Connor, J. (2010). ALCOHOL IN OUR LIVES: A once-in-a generation opportunity for liquor law reform in New Zealand [Editorial]. Drug & Alcohol Review, 29(1), 1-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00139.x
Connor, J. (2010). [Review of the book The Cartwright Papers: Essays on the cervical cancer inquiry 1987-88]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 123(1319). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1319/4242/content.pdf
Sellman, D., & Connor, J. (2009). In utero brain damage from alcohol: A preventable tragedy [Editorial]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1306). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1306/3888/content.pdf
Sellman, D., Connor, J., Robinson, G., & Jackson, R. (2009). Alcohol cardio-protection has been talked up [Viewpoint]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1303). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1303/3796/content.pdf
Connor, J. (2008). The knock-on effects of unrestrained drinking [Editorial]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 121(1271). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1271/2979/content.pdf
Hosking, J., Macmillan, A., Connor, J., Bullen, C., & Ameratunga, S. (2008). Organisational travel plans for improving health (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD005575. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005575.pub2
Connor, J., & McGee, R. (2007). Raising non-smokers [Editorial]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 120(1267). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1267/2865/content.pdf
Connor, J. (2006). The life and times of the J-shaped curve [Invited commentary]. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 41(6), 583-584.
Connor, J., & Macmillan, A. (2005). The hazards of driving to work [Editorial]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 118(1227). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/118-1227/1786/content.pdf