MBChB MPH PhD FNZCPHM
Associate Professor
Teaches PUBH 733 Environment and Health
Contact details
Tel +64 4 918 5321
Fax +64 4 389 5319
Email caroline.shaw@otago.ac.nz
Research interests and activities
Caroline is a Public Health Medicine Specialist and epidemiologist. She teaches the postgraduate paper in Environmental Health and is also involved in undergraduate teaching and curriculum development in the medical degree. Her current research is at the interface of transport, health and climate change, particularly around the health opportunities offered by decarbonising the transport sector. She has undertaken research in the ethnic and socio-economic determinants of health, cancer control, population screening and obesity prevention.
Publications
Gage, R., Gurtner, M., Keall, M., Smith, M., McKerchar, C., Howden-Chapman, P., Shaw, C., Chambers, T., Pearson, A. L., … Signal, L. (2023). Fun, food and friends: A wearable camera analysis of children's school journeys. Journal of Transport & Health, 30, 101604. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101604
Howden-Chapman, P., Crane, J., Keall, M., Pierse, N., Baker, M. G., Cunningham, C., … Aspinall, C., Bennett, J., Bierre, S., … Chisholm, E., Davies, C., Fougere, G., Fraser, B., Fyfe, C., … Halley, C., … Olin, C., Ombler, J., O'Sullivan, K., Pehi, T., Penny, G., … Randal, E., Riggs, L., Robson, B., Ruru, J., Shaw, C., … Teariki, M. A., Telfar Barnard, L., Tiatia, R., … Viggers, H., … Zhang, W. (2023). He Kāinga Oranga: Reflections on 25 years of measuring the improved health, wellbeing and sustainability of healthier housing. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Advance online publication. [Review].
Shaw, C., & Cleghorn, C. (2023). Public health interventions: The elephant in the room of the health system crisis. New Zealand Medical Journal/Te ara tika o te hauora hapori, 136(1568), 8-11. Retrieved from https://journal.nzma.org.nz/
Oakley, H., Shaw, C., & Gale, J. (2022). How colleges should lead on climate. Medical Journal of Australia. Advance online publication. doi: 10.5694/mja2.51738
Keall, M., Randal, E., Abrahamse, W., Chapman, R., Shaw, C., Witten, K., … Howden-Chapman, P. (2022). Equity and other effects of a program facilitating and promoting active travel. Transportation Research Part D, 108, 1036338. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103338
Randal, E., Keall, M., Shaw, C., Russell, M., Woodward, A., Chapman, R., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2017). Why New Zealand transport policy needs to encourage walking and cycling. In P. Howden-Chapman, L. Early & J. Ombler (Eds.), Cities in New Zealand: Preferences, patterns and possibilities. (pp. 107-114). Wellington, New Zealand: Steele Roberts Aotearoa.
Chapter in Book - Research
Gage, R., Gurtner, M., Keall, M., Smith, M., McKerchar, C., Howden-Chapman, P., Shaw, C., Chambers, T., Pearson, A. L., … Signal, L. (2023). Fun, food and friends: A wearable camera analysis of children's school journeys. Journal of Transport & Health, 30, 101604. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101604
Journal - Research Article
Keall, M., Randal, E., Abrahamse, W., Chapman, R., Shaw, C., Witten, K., … Howden-Chapman, P. (2022). Equity and other effects of a program facilitating and promoting active travel. Transportation Research Part D, 108, 1036338. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103338
Journal - Research Article
Randal, E., Shaw, C., McLeod, M., Keall, M., Woodward, A., & Mizdrak, A. (2022). The impact of transport on population health and health equity for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A prospective burden of disease study. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 19, 2032. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19042032
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., & Tiatia-Seath, J. (2022). Travel inequities experienced by Pacific peoples in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Journal of Transport Geography, 99, 103305. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103305
Journal - Research Article
Latta, M., Shaw, C., & Gale, J. (2021). The carbon footprint of cataract surgery in Wellington. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1541), 13-21. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Article
Mizdrak, A., Shaw, C., Lynch, B., & Richards, J. (2021). The potential of school-based physical education to increase physical activity in Aotearoa New Zealand children and young people: A modelling study. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1531), 23-35. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Article
Russell, M., Davies, C., Wild, K., & Shaw, C. (2021). Pedalling towards equity: Exploring women's cycling in a New Zealand city. Journal of Transport Geography, 91, 102987. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.102987
Journal - Research Article
Wild, K., Woodward, A., & Shaw, C. (2021). Gender and the E-bike: Exploring the Role of Electric Bikes in Increasing Women’s Access to Cycling and Physical Activity. Active Travel Studies, 1(1), 1-20. doi: 10.16997/ats.991
Journal - Research Article
Randal, E., Shaw, C., Woodward, A., Howden-Chapman, P., Macmillan, A., Hosking, J., … Waa, A. M., & Keall, M. (2020). Fairness in transport policy: A new approach to applying distributive justice theories. Sustainability, 12, 10102. doi: 10.3390/su122310102
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Blakely, T., Atkinson, J., & Woodward, A. (2020). Is mode of transport to work associated with mortality in the working-age population? Repeated census-cohort studies in New Zealand 1996, 2001 and 2006. International Journal of Epidemiology, 49(2), 477-485. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz257
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Boulic, M., Longley, I., Mitchell, T., Pierse, N., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2020). The association between indoor and outdoor NO2 levels: A case study in 50 residences in an urban neighbourhood in New Zealand. Sustainable Cities & Society, 56, 102093. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102093
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Russell, M., Keall, M., MacBride-Stewart, S., Wild, K., . . ., & Woodward, A. (2020). Beyond the bicycle: Seeing the context of the gender gap in cycling. Journal of Transport & Health, 18, 100871. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100871
Journal - Research Article
Huang, S., Signal, V., Sarfati, D., Shaw, C., Stanley, J., McGlynn, K., & Gurney, J. (2018). Physical activity and risk of testicular cancer: A systematic review. BMC Cancer, 18, 189. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-4093-3
Journal - Research Article
Keall, M. D., Shaw, C., Chapman, R., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2018). Reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from an intervention to promote cycling and walking: A case study from New Zealand. Transportation Research Part D, 65, 687-696. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2018.10.004
Journal - Research Article
Keall, M., Chapman, R., Shaw, C., Abrahamse, W., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2018). Are people who already cycle and walk more responsive to an active travel intervention? Journal of Transport & Health, 10, 84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2018.08.006
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Hales, S., Edwards, R., Howden-Chapman, P., & Stanley, J. (2018). What can fuel price increases tell us about the air pollution health co-benefits of a carbon price? Journal of Transport & Health, 8, 81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.11.002
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Randal, E., Keall, M., & Woodward, A. (2018). Health consequences of transport patterns in New Zealand’s largest cities. New Zealand Medical Journal, 131(1472), 64-72. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Keall, M., & Guiney, H. (2017). What modes of transport are associated with higher levels of physical activity? Cross-sectional study of New Zealand adults. Journal of Transport & Health, 7(Part B), 125-133. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.09.010
Journal - Research Article
Gurney, J. K., Stanley, J., Shaw, C., & Sarfati, D. (2016). Ethnic patterns of hypospadias in New Zealand do not resemble those observed for cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: Evidence of differential aetiology? Andrology, 4(1), 82-86. doi: 10.1111/andr.12121
Journal - Research Article
Gurney, J., Shaw, C., Stanley, J., Signal, V., & Sarfati, D. (2015). Cannabis exposure and risk of testicular cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer, 15, 897. doi: 10.1186/s12885-015-1905-6
Journal - Research Article
Pega, F., Shaw, C., Rasanathan, K., Yablonski, J., Kawachi, I., & Hales, S. (2015). Climate change, cash transfers and health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 93(8), 559-565. doi: 10.2471/BLT.14.150037
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Hales, S., Howden-Chapman, P., & Edwards, R. (2014). Health co-benefits of climate change mitigation policies in the transport sector. Nature Climate Change, 4(6), 427-433. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2247
Journal - Research Article
Nair, N., Sarfati, D., & Shaw, C. (2012). Population screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: Evaluating the evidence against screening criteria [Review article]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1350). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Article
Nair, N., Shaw, C., Sarfati, D., & Stanley, J. (2012). Abdominal aortic aneurysm disease in New Zealand: Epidemiology and burden between 2002 and 2006. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1350). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Article
Blakely, T., Shaw, C., Atkinson, J., Cunningham, R., & Sarfati, D. (2011). Social inequalities or inequities in cancer incidence? Repeated census-cancer cohort studies, New Zealand 1981-1986 to 2001-2004. Cancer Causes & Control, 22(9), 1307-1318. doi: 10.1007/s10552-011-9804-x
Journal - Research Article
Carter, K. N., Shaw, C., Collings, S., Blakely, T., & Richardson, K. (2011). The SoFIE-Health study: Are the results comparable to the New Zealand population? Australasian Epidemiologist, 18(1), 26-32.
Journal - Research Article
Sarfati, D., Shaw, C., Blakely, T., Atkinson, J., & Stanley, J. (2011). Ethnic and socioeconomic trends in testicular cancer incidence in New Zealand. International Journal of Cancer, 128(7), 1683-1691. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25486
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Blakely, T., & Tobias, M. (2011). Mortality among the working age population receiving incapacity benefits in New Zealand, 1981-2004. Social Science & Medicine, 73(4), 568-575. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.003
Journal - Research Article
Carter, K., Barber, P. A., & Shaw, C. (2010). How does self-reported history of stroke compare to hospitalization data in a population-based survey in New Zealand? Stroke, 41, 2678-2680. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.598268
Journal - Research Article
Carter, K., Shaw, C., Hayward, M., & Blakely, T. (2010). Understanding the determinants of consent for linkage of administrative health data with a longitudinal survey. Kōtuitui, 5(2), 53-60. doi: 10.1080/1177083X.2010.516440
Journal - Research Article
Cormack, D., Sarfati, D., Harris, R., Robson, B., Shaw, C., & Blakely, T. (2010). Re: 'An overview of cancer and beliefs about the disease in indigenous people of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the US' [Letter]. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34(1), 90-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00481.x
Journal - Research Article
Cunningham, R., Shaw, C., Blakely, T., Atkinson, J., & Sarfati, D. (2010). Ethnic and socioeconomic trends in breast cancer incidence in New Zealand. BMC Cancer, 10, 674. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-674
Journal - Research Article
Carter, K. N., Hayward, M., Blakely, T., & Shaw, C. (2009). How much and for whom does self-identified ethnicity change over time in New Zealand? Results from a longitudinal study. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand, 36, 32-45.
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C. (2009). (Non)regulation of marketing of unhealthy food to children in New Zealand [Viewpoint]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1288). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1288/3431/content.pdf
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Atkinson, J., & Blakely, T. (2009). (Mis)classification of ethnicity on the New Zealand Cancer Registry: 1981-2004. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1294). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1294/3578/content.pdf
Journal - Research Article
Cunningham, R., MacDonald, J., McLean, M., & Shaw, C. (2007). An outbreak of infectious syphilis in Wellington, New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 120(1260). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1260/2680/content.pdf
Journal - Research Article
Sarfati, D., Blakely, T., Shaw, C., Cormack, D., & Atkinson, J. (2006). Patterns of disparity: Ethnic and socio-economic trends in breast cancer mortality in New Zealand. Cancer Causes & Control, 17, 671-678.
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Blakely, T., Sarfati, D., Fawcett, J., & Peace, J. (2006). Trends in colorectal cancer mortality by ethnicity and socio-economic position in New Zealand, 1981-99: One country, many stories. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 30(1), 64-70.
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Blakely, T., Atkinson, J., & Crampton, P. (2005). Do social and economic reforms change socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality? A case study: New Zealand 1981-1999. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 59, 638-644. Retrieved from http://jech.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/59/8/638
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Blakely, T., Crampton, P., & Atkinson, J. (2005). The contribution of causes of death to socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality: New Zealand 1981-1999. New Zealand Medical Journal, 118(1227). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/118-1227/1779/content.pdf
Journal - Research Article
Shaw, C., Blakely, T., Sarfati, D., Fawcett, J., & Hill, S. (2005). Varying evolution of the New Zealand lung cancer epidemic by ethnicity and socioeconomic position (1981-1999). New Zealand Medical Journal, 118(1213). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/118-1213/1411/content.pdf
Journal - Research Article
Howden-Chapman, P., Crane, J., Keall, M., Pierse, N., Baker, M. G., Cunningham, C., … Aspinall, C., Bennett, J., Bierre, S., … Chisholm, E., Davies, C., Fougere, G., Fraser, B., Fyfe, C., … Halley, C., … Olin, C., Ombler, J., O'Sullivan, K., Pehi, T., Penny, G., … Randal, E., Riggs, L., Robson, B., Ruru, J., Shaw, C., … Teariki, M. A., Telfar Barnard, L., Tiatia, R., … Viggers, H., … Zhang, W. (2023). He Kāinga Oranga: Reflections on 25 years of measuring the improved health, wellbeing and sustainability of healthier housing. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Advance online publication. [Review].
Journal - Research Other
Shaw, C., & Cleghorn, C. (2023). Public health interventions: The elephant in the room of the health system crisis. New Zealand Medical Journal/Te ara tika o te hauora hapori, 136(1568), 8-11. Retrieved from https://journal.nzma.org.nz/
Journal - Research Other
Oakley, H., Shaw, C., & Gale, J. (2022). How colleges should lead on climate. Medical Journal of Australia. Advance online publication. doi: 10.5694/mja2.51738
Journal - Research Other
Singh, A., Hadfield, J., Gale, J., & Shaw, C. (2022). Doctors' travel in the Anthropocene. New Zealand Medical Journal, 135(1555), 88-93. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Other
Chambers, T., Hales, S., Shaw, C., Baker, M., Ball, J., Cleghorn, C., & Wilson, N. (2021). New Zealand's Climate Change Commission report: The critical need to address the missing health co-benefits of reducing emissions. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1542), 109-118. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Other
Shaw, C., Bolton, A., Macmillan, A., & Jones, R. (2021). Iti noa ana he pito mata / from the withered tree a flower blooms: Healthy equitable climate policy in Aotearoa New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1542), 11-14. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Other
O'Hallahan, J., Church, E., & Shaw, C. (2020). Cancer screening in New Zealand. Journal of Cancer Policy, 23, 100203. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2019.100203
Journal - Research Other
Shaw, C. V., D'Souza, A. J., Cunningham, R., & Sarfati, D. (2020). Revolutionized public health teaching to equip medical students for 21st century practice. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(2), 296-304. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.02.019
Journal - Research Other