2023
Journal - Research Article
Adolph, C., Cheung, C.-Y., McNeil, M. B., Jowsey, W. J., Williams, Z. C., Hards, K., Harold, L. K., … Tyndall, J. D. A., … Cook, G. M. (2023). A dual-targeting succinate dehydrogenase and F1Fo-ATP synthase inhibitor rapidly sterilizes replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Chemical Biology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.12.002
Kalia, N. P., Singh, S., Hards, K., Cheung, C.-Y., Sviriaeva, E., Banaei-Esfahani, A., … Cook, G. M., & Pethe, K. (2023). M. tuberculosis relies on trace oxygen to maintain energy homeostasis and survive in hypoxic environments. Cell Reports, 42, 112444. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112444
2022
Journal - Research Article
Harris, P. W. R., Siow, A., Yang, S.-H., Wadsworth, A. D., Tan, L., Hermant, Y., … Ferguson, S. A., Mros, S., Hards, K., Cook, G. M., … Brimble, M. A. (2022). Synthesis, antibacterial activity, and nephrotoxicity of polymyxin B analogues modified at Leu-7, D-Phe-6, and the N-terminus enabled by S-lipidation. ACS Infectious Diseases, 8, 2413-2429. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00347
Fridianto, K. T., Gunawan, G. A., Hards, K., Sarathy, J. P., Cook, G. M., Dick, T., … Lam, Y. (2022). Alkyltriphenylphosphonium turns naphthoquinoneimidazoles into potent membrane depolarizers against mycobacteria. RSC Medicinal Chemistry, 13, 1605-1613. doi: 10.1039/d2md00251e
Lawer, A., Tyler, C., Hards, K., Keighley, L. M., Cheung, C.-Y., Kierek, F., Su, S., … McInnes, T., Tyndall, J. D. A., Krause, K. L., Cook, G. M., & Gamble, A. B. (2022). Synthesis and biological evaluation of aurachin D analogues as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome bd oxidase. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 13, 1663-1669. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00401
Allen, W. J., Corey, R. A., Watkins, D. W., Oliveira, A. S. F., Hards, K., Cook, G. M., & Collinson, I. (2022). Rate-limiting transport of positively charged arginine residues through the Sec-machinery is integral to the mechanism of protein secretion. eLIFE, 11, e77586. doi: 10.7554/eLife.77586
Harold, L. K., Jinich, A., Hards, K., Cordeiro, A., Keighley, L. M., Cross, A., McNeil, M. B., … Cook, G. M. (2022). Deciphering functional redundancy and energetics of malate oxidation in mycobacteria. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 298(5), 101859. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101859
Hards, K., Cheung, C.-Y., Waller, N., Adolph, C., Keighley, L., Tee, Z. S., Harold, L. K., Menorca, A., … Tyndall, J. D. A., McNeil, M. B., … Opel-Reading, H. K., Krause, K. L., … Berney, M., … Cook, G. M. (2022). An amiloride derivative is active against the F1Fo-ATP synthase and cytochrome bd oxidase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Communications Biology, 5, 166. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03110-8
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Safarian, S., Opel-Reading, H. K., Hards, K., Harold, L. K., Cook, G. M., Krause, K. L., & Michel, H. (2022, August). BD oxidase is a game-changing drug discovery target for tuberculosis. Verbal presentation at the Webster Centre for Infectious Diseases Satellite Meeting: Queenstown Research Week, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2021
Journal - Research Article
Fridianto, K. T., Li, M., Hards, K., Negatu, D. A., Cook, G. M., Dick, T., … Go, M.-L. (2021). Functionalized dioxonaphthoimidazoliums: A redox cycling chemotype with potent bactericidal activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 64, 15991-16007. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01383
Safarian, S., Opel-Reading, H. K., Wu, D., Mehdipour, A. R., Hards, K., Harold, L. K., … Stewart, I., … Cook, G. M., Krause, K. L., & Michel, H. (2021). The cryo-EM structure of the bd oxidase from M. tuberculosis reveals a unique structural framework and enables rational drug design to combat TB. Nature Communications, 12(1), 5236. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25537-z
Carere, C. R., Hards, K., Wigley, K., Carman, L., Houghton, K. M., Cook, G. M., & Stott, M. B. (2021). Growth on formic acid is dependent on intracellular pH homeostasis for the thermoacidophilic methanotroph Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 651744. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.651744
Journal - Research Other
Hards, K., Cook, G., & Jeuken, L. J. C. (2021). Bacterial respiration keeps amazing us in the 21st century. Biochemist, 43(6), 22-26. doi: 10.1042/bio_2021_185
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Safarian, S., Opel-Reading, H. K., Hards, K., Harold, L. K., Cook, G. M., Krause, K. L., & Michel, H. (2021). Structure of BD oxidase from Mycobacteria as a game-changing target in TB drug design. Proceedings of the 16th Congress of the Federation of Asian & Oceanic Biochemists & Molecular Biologists (FAOBMB). (pp. 303). Retrieved from https://www.faobmb2021.org
2020
Chapter in Book - Research
McKinlay, J. B., Cook, G. M., & Hards, K. (2020). Microbial energy management: A product of three broad tradeoffs. In Advances in microbial physiology. (pp. 139-185). London, UK: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.09.001
Journal - Research Article
Lee, B. S., Hards, K., Engelhart, C. A., Hasenoehrl, E. J., Kalia, N. P., Mackenzie, J. S., … Cook, G. M., … Pethe, K. (2020). Dual inhibition of the terminal oxidases eradicates antibiotic-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 13, e13207. doi: 10.15252/emmm.202013207
Nizi, M. G., Desantis, J., Nakatani, Y., Massari, S., Mazzarella, M. A., Shetye, G., … Hards, K., … Cook, G. M., … Tabarrini, O. (2020). Antitubercular polyhalogenated phenothiazines and phenoselenazine with reduced binding to CNS receptors. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 201, 112420. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112420
Harbison-Price, N., Ferguson, S. A., Heikal, A., Taiaroa, G., Hards, K., Nakatani, Y., … Cook, G. M. (2020). Multiple bactericidal mechanisms of the zinc ionophore PBT2. mSphere, 5(2), e00157-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00157-20
Lee, B. M., Harold, L. K., Almeida, D. V., Afrait-Jurnou, L., Aung, H. L., Forde, B. M., Hards, K., … Cook, G. M., & Jackson, C. J. (2020). Predicting nitroimidazole antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with protein engineering. PLoS Pathogens, 16(2), e1008287. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008287
Journal - Research Other
Jeuken, L. J. C., Hards, K., & Nakatani, Y. (2020). Extracellular electron transfer: Respiratory or nutrient homeostasis? Journal of Bacteriology, 202(7), e0002920. doi: 10.1128/jb.00029-20
Hards, K., Adolph, C., Harold, L. K., McNeil, M. B., Cheung, C.-Y., Jinich, A., … Cook, G. M. (2020). Two for the price of one: Attacking the energetic-metabolic hub of mycobacteria to produce new chemotherapeutic agents. Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology, 152, 35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.11.003
2019
Journal - Research Article
Saw, W.-G., Wu, M.-L., Ragunathan, P., Biuković, G., Lau, A.-M., Shin, J., … Hards, K., … Cook, G. M., … Grüber, G. (2019). Disrupting coupling within mycobacterial F-ATP synthases subunit ε causes dysregulated energy production and cell wall biosynthesis. Scientific Reports, 9, 16759. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53107-3
Cordero, P. R. F., Grinter, R., Hards, K., Cryle, M. J., Warr, C. G., Cook, G. M., & Greening, C. (2019). Two uptake hydrogenases differentially interact with the aerobic respiratory chain during mycobacterial growth and persistence. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 294(50), 18980-18991. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.011076
Santoso, K. T., Cheung, C.-Y., Hards, K., Cook, G. M., Stocker, B. L., & Timmer, M. S. M. (2019). Synthesis and investigation of phthalazinones as antitubercular agents. Chemistry: An Asian Journal, 14, 1278-1285. doi: 10.1002/asia.201801805
Lu, X., Williams, Z., Hards, K., Tang, J., Cheung, C.-Y., Aung, H. L., … Cook, G. M. (2019). Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine inhibitor of the respiratory cytochrome bcc complex for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. ACS Infectious Diseases, 5(2), 239-249. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00225
Hards, K., Molano Rodriguez, S., Cairns, C., & Cook, G. M. (2019). Alternate quinone coupling in a new class of succinate dehydrogenase may potentiate mycobacterial respiratory control. FEBS Letters, 593(5), 475-486. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.13330
Harold, L. K., Antoney, J., Ahmed, F. H., Hards, K., Carr, P., Rapson, T., … Cook, G. M. (2019). FAD-sequestering proteins protect mycobacteria against hypoxic and oxidative stress. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 294(8), 2903-2912. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.006237
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Hards, K. (2019, August-September). Differential and oxygen-independent roles of the two terminal oxidases in mycobacteria. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Greening, C., Grinter, R., Ahmed, F. H., Bashiri, G., Ney, B., Lee, B. M., Hards, K., … Cook, G. M., … Jackson, C. J. (2019, August-September). The hows and whys of cofactor F420 biosynthesis in mycobacteria. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
McNeil, M., Adolph, C., Cheung, C.-Y., Hards, K., Jinich, A., Rhee, K., & Cook, G. M. (2019, August-September). Essentiality of succinate metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Cheung, J., Adolph, C., Buckley, B. J., Majed, H., Aboelela, A., Bujaroski, R., … Hards, K., McNeil, M. B., … Cook, G. M. (2019, August-September). Next generation ATP synthase inhibitors to combat drug resistant tuberculosis. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2018
Journal - Research Article
Hards, K., McMillan, D. G. G., Schurig-Briccio, L. A., Gennis, R. B., Lill, H., Bald, D., & Cook, G. M. (2018). Ionophoric effects of the antitubercular drug bedaquiline. PNAS, 115(28), 7326-7331. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1803723115
Journal - Research Other
Hards, K., & Cook, G. M. (2018). Targeting bacterial energetics to produce new antimicrobials. Drug Resistance Updates, 36, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2017.11.001
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Harold, L. K., Antoney, J., Ahmed, F. H., Hards, K., Carr, P. D., Rapson, T., … Cook, G. M. (2018). Identification and characterization of a FAD chaperon required for mycobacterial survival under hypoxia. Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB) Joint Annual Conference: Microbes & Molecules. (pp. 111). Retrieved from https://www.nzmsconference.org.nz
Adolph, C., Cheung, J., Buckley, B. J., Aboelela, A., Hards, K., McNeil, M., … Cook, G. M. (2018). Identification of novel antimicrobials targeting succinate dehydrogenase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB) Joint Annual Conference: Microbes & Molecules. (pp. 54-55). Retrieved from https://www.nzmsconference.org.nz
Harbison-Price, N., Ferguson, S. A., Heikal, A., Taiaroa, G., Hards, K., Mros, S., … Cook, G. M. (2018). Investigating the antimicrobial action of a zinc ionophore in the mastitis-causing pathogen Streptococcus uberis. Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB) Joint Annual Conference: Microbes & Molecules. (pp. 39). Retrieved from https://www.nzmsconference.org.nz
Williams, Z., Hards, K., Li, X., Ding, K., & Cook, G. M. (2018). Next generation inhibitors to combat drug resistant tuberculosis infections. Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB) Joint Annual Conference: Microbes & Molecules. (pp. 35). Retrieved from https://www.nzmsconference.org.nz
2017
Journal - Research Article
Carere, C. R., Hards, K., Houghton, K. M., Power, J. F., McDonald, B., Collet, C., … Cook, G. M., … Stott, M. B. (2017). Mixotrophy drives niche expansion of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs. ISME Journal, 11, 2599-2610. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2017.112
Kalia, N. P., Hasenoehrl, E. J., Ab Rahman, N. B., Koh, V. H., Ang, M. L. T., Sajorda, D. R., Hards, K., … Cook, G. M., … Pethe, K. (2017). Exploiting the synthetic lethality between terminal respiratory oxidases to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis and clear host infection. PNAS, 114(28), 7426-7431. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1706139114
Cook, G. M., Hards, K., Dunn, E., Heikal, A., Nakatani, Y., Greening, C., … Berney, M. (2017). Oxidative phosphorylation as a target space for tuberculosis: Success, caution, and future directions. Microbiology Spectrum, 5(3), TBTB2-0014-2016. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0014-2016
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Carere, C. R., Hards, K., Houghton, K. M., Power, J. F., McDonald, B., Collet, C., … Cook, G. M., Greening, C., & Stott, M. B. (2017). Mixotrophy drives niche expansion of thermoacidopholic methanotrophs. Proceedings of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) Annual Conference. 155. Retrieved from http://www.nzmsconference.org.nz/
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Hards, K. (2017, September). Ionophoric effects of the antitubercular drug bedaquiline. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Harold, L. K., Ahmed, F. H., Antoney, J., Hards, K., Greening, C., Jackson, C. J., & Cook, G. M. (2017, September). MSMEG_5243: A succinate dehydrogenase flavination factor. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Awarded Doctoral Degree
Hards, K. J. (2017). Fundamental and applied investigations into mycobacterial bioenergetics (PhD). University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10523/7474
2016
Journal - Research Article
Heikal, A., Hards, K., Cheung, C.-Y., Menorca, A., Timmer, M. S. M., Stocker, B. L., & Cook, G. M. (2016). Activation of type II NADH dehydrogenase by quinolinequinones mediates antitubercular cell death. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 71(10), 2840-2847. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw244
Medini, K., Harris, P. W. R., Menorca, A., Hards, K., Cook, G. M., & Brimble, M. A. (2016). Synthesis and activity of a diselenide bond mimetic of the antimicrobial protein caenopore-5. Chemical Science, 7(3), 2005-2010. doi: 10.1039/c5sc04187b
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Hards, K., & Cook, G. M. (2016). Compartmentalization of succinate dehydrogenase function in the diverse lifestyle conditions of an actinobacterium. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Bioenergetics, 1857(Suppl.), (pp. e86-e87). doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.04.210
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Carere, C. R., Hards, K., Greening, C., Gapes, D., Sparling, R., Cook, G. M., & Stott, M. B. (2016, November). Hydrogen metabolism within the thermoacidophilic methane oxidising bacterium, Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) and the New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB), Christchurch, New Zealand.
Williams, Z. C., Hards, K., Aung, H. L., & Cook, G. M. (2016, November). Regulation of cytochrome bd in mycobacteria in response to carbon and oxygen availability. Verbal presentation at the Joint Meeting of the New Zealand Microbiological Society (NZMS) and the New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (NZSBMB), Christchurch, New Zealand.
Cook, G., & Hards, K. (2016, August-September). New TB drugs work by a common mechanism: Uncouplers of the respiratory chain. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Nelson, New Zealand.
2015
Journal - Research Article
Greening, C., Carere, C. R., Rushton-Green, R., Harold, L. K., Hards, K., Taylor, M. C., Morales, S. E., … Cook, G. M. (2015). Persistence of the dominant soil phylum Acidobacteria by trace gas scavenging. PNAS, 112(33), 10497-10502. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508385112
Hards, K., Robson, J. R., Berney, M., Shaw, L., Bald, D., Koul, A., … Cook, G. M. (2015). Bactericidal mode of action of bedaquiline. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 70, 2028-2037. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkv054
Greening, C., Constant, P., Hards, K., Morales, S. E., Oakeshott, J. G., Russell, R. J., … Cook, G. M. (2015). Atmospheric hydrogen scavenging: From enzymes to ecosystems. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 81(4), 1190-1199. doi: 10.1128/aem.03364-14
Medini, K., Harris, P. W. R., Hards, K., Dingley, A. J., Cook, G. M., & Brimble, M. A. (2015). Chemical synthesis of a pore-forming antimicrobial protein, caenopore-5, by using native chemical ligation at a Glu-Cys site. ChemBioChem, 16(2), 328-336. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201402513
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Heikal, A., Nakatani, Y., Dunn, E. A., Hards, K., Tee, Z. S., Lott, J. S., & Cook, G. M. (2015, August-September). Building a framework for OXPHOS inhibitor discovery: The structure and mechanism of type II NADH dehydrogenase. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Hards, K., & Cook, G. M. (2015, August-September). Novel mode of action for a new TB drug. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2014
Chapter in Book - Research
Cook, G. M., Greening, C., Hards, K., & Berney, M. (2014). Energetics of pathogenic bacteria and opportunities for drug development. In Advances in microbial physiology. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2014.08.001
Journal - Research Article
Cook, G. M., Hards, K., Vilchèze, C., Hartman, T., & Berney, M. (2014). Energetics of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in mycobacteria. Microbiology Spectrum, 2(3), MGM2-0015-2013. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MGM2-0015-2013
Pecsi, I., Hards, K., Ekanayaka, N., Berney, M., Hartman, T., Jacobs, Jr, W. R., & Cook, G. M. (2014). Essentiality of succinate dehydrogenase in Mycobacterium smegmatis and its role in the generation of the membrane potential under hypoxia. mBio, 5(4), e01093-14. doi: 10.1128/mBio.01093-14
Greening, C., Berney, M., Hards, K., Cook, G. M., & Conrad, R. (2014). A soil actinobacterium scavenges atmospheric H2 using two membrane-associated, oxygen-dependent [NiFe] hydrogenases. PNAS, 111(11), 4257-4261. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1320586111
Berney, M., Greening, C., Hards, K., Collins, D., & Cook, G. M. (2014). Three different [NiFe] hydrogenases confer metabolic flexibility in the obligate aerobe Mycobacterium smegmatis. Environmental Microbiology, 16(1), 318-330. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12320
McNeil, M. B., Hampton, H. G., Hards, K. J., Watson, B. N. J., Cook, G. M., & Fineran, P. C. (2014). The succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor, SdhE, is required for the flavinylation and activation of fumarate reductase in bacteria. FEBS Letters, 588(3), 414-421. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.019