PhD(Chicago) MSc(Well)
Tel: 03 479 7731
Location: Science II, 2n10
Email: jcrowley@chemistry.otago.ac.nz
For more information about the Crowley Research Group: http://blogs.otago.ac.nz/jamescrowley
Employment History and Qualifications
Associate Professor, University of Otago 2015–
Senior Lecturer, University of Otago 2011-2015
Lecturer, University of Otago 2008–2011
British Ramsay Memorial Postdoctoral Fellow (with Prof. D. A. Leigh, FRS), University of Edinburgh 2006–2007
Postdoctoral Fellow (with Prof. D. A. Leigh, FRS), University of Edinburgh 2005–2006
S.M and Ph.D, The University of Chicago (Prof. B Bosnich, FRS) 2000-2005
B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc., Victoria University of Wellington (Dr. D. C. Weatherburn) 1994-1999
Awards and Distinctions
University of Otago, Division of Sciences Research Group of the Year 2016
Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI), Organometallic Chemistry Award 2015
Finalist in OUSA Supervisor of the Year Awards 2015
Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ) Asian International Distinguished Lectureship Award 2015
Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI), Alan Sargeson Lectureship 2014
Royal Society of Chemistry/New Zealand Institute of Chemistry Easterfield Award 2013
University of Otago Early Career Award for Distinction in Research 2011
British Ramsay Memorial Fellowship (U of Ed.) 2006-2008
Joan Shiu Award for Student Service, (U of C) 2004
Curtis-Gordon Scholarship for Chemistry (VUW) 1998
Relevant Disciplines
Organic / Inorganic / Organometallic / Materials / Supramolecular Chemistry / Nanoscience
My research interests are in synthetic organic, inorganic, organometallic and supramolecular chemistry. I am interested in the design and synthesis of new functional materials. I have expertise in a wide range of synthetic and spectroscopic techniques including NMR, IR, UV-vis and X-ray crystallography. Major areas of interest include:
CuAAC “Click” coordination chemistry. The mild and modular Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition of terminal alkynes with organic azides (the CuAAC “click” reaction) allows the ready formation of functionalised 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole scaffolds and this has led to an explosion of interest in the coordination chemistry of these heterocycles. A diverse array of mono-, bi-, tri- and polydentate ligands incorporating 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole units have been synthesised and characterised. Easy access to readily functionalised ligand architectures is of crucial importance in a range of different areas and we are exploiting these ligands for the development of new catalysts, metallo-pharmaceuticals, bio-imaging agents, metallosupramolecular architectures, and molecular machines.
Synthetic molecular machines (nanotechnology). It is well established that the fundamental processes of life at the cellular level are governed by complex biological molecular machines which convert chemical energy into work. My research group is interested in exploiting a range of interlocked and non-interlocked molecular architectures for the development of synthetic molecular machines. These efforts are motivated by the goal of creating synthetic devices or materials that, like their far more complex biological counterparts, could carry out tasks by exploiting controlled molecular-level mechanical motion; a key requirement for the development of useable nanotechnology.
Functional metallosupramolecular architectures. I am also interested in the engineering of functional molecular architectures via self-assembly. In particular we are attempting to exploit these self-assembled cages as novel metallo-pharmaceuticals, for drug delivery and as nanoreactors for carrying out chemical transformations.
Publications
van Hilst, Q. V. C., Lagesse, N. R., Preston, D., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Functional metal complexes from CuAAC "click" bidentate and tridentate pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands. Dalton Transactions, 4, 997-1002. doi: 10.1039/c7dt04570k
Preston, D., Gordon, K. C., Sutton, J. J., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). A nona-nuclear heterometallic Pd3Pt6 "Donut" shaped cage: Molecular recognition and photocatalysis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/anie.201804745
Findlay, J. A., McAdam, C. J., Sutton, J. J., Preston, D., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Metallosupramolecular architectures formed with ferrocene-linked bis-bidentate ligands: Synthesis, structures, and electrochemical studies. Inorganic Chemistry, 57(7), 3602-3614. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02503
Findlay, J. A., Barnsley, J. E., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Synthesis and light-induced actuation of photo-labile 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Ru(bis-bipyridyl) appended rerrocene rotors. Molecules, 23(8), 2037. doi: 10.3390/molecules23082037
Preston, D., Findlay, J. A., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Recognition properties and self-assembly of planar [M(2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole)2]2+ metallo-ligands. Chemistry: An Asian Journal. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/asia.201801132
Chapter in Book - Research
Crowley, J. D., & McMorran, D. A. (2012). "Click triazole" Coordination chemistry: Exploiting 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles as ligands. In J. Košmrlj (Ed.), Click triazoles: Topics in heterocyclic chemistry (Vol. 28). (pp. 31-83). Berlin, Germany: Springer. doi: 10.1007/7081_2011_67
Crowley, J. D., Kilpin, K. J., & Keep, C. C. (2011). Exploiting ferrocene to develop synthetic molecular machines. In E. S. Phillips (Ed.), Ferrocenes: Compounds, properties and applications. (pp. 149-188). New York: Nova Science.
Crowley, J. D., Kay, E. R., & Leigh, D. A. (2008). Chemically driven artificial molecular machines. In M. Shahinpoor & H.-J. Schneider (Eds.), Intelligent materials. (pp. 1-47). Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry.
Journal - Research Article
van Hilst, Q. V. C., Lagesse, N. R., Preston, D., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Functional metal complexes from CuAAC "click" bidentate and tridentate pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands. Dalton Transactions, 4, 997-1002. doi: 10.1039/c7dt04570k
Preston, D., Findlay, J. A., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Recognition properties and self-assembly of planar [M(2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole)2]2+ metallo-ligands. Chemistry: An Asian Journal. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/asia.201801132
Findlay, J. A., Barnsley, J. E., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Synthesis and light-induced actuation of photo-labile 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Ru(bis-bipyridyl) appended rerrocene rotors. Molecules, 23(8), 2037. doi: 10.3390/molecules23082037
Findlay, J. A., McAdam, C. J., Sutton, J. J., Preston, D., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). Metallosupramolecular architectures formed with ferrocene-linked bis-bidentate ligands: Synthesis, structures, and electrochemical studies. Inorganic Chemistry, 57(7), 3602-3614. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02503
Preston, D., Gordon, K. C., Sutton, J. J., & Crowley, J. D. (2018). A nona-nuclear heterometallic Pd3Pt6 "Donut" shaped cage: Molecular recognition and photocatalysis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/anie.201804745
Shillito, G. E., Hall, T. B. J., Preston, D., Traber, P., Wu, L., Reynolds, K. E. A., … Lucas, N. T., Crowley, J. D., … Gordon, K. C. (2018). Dramatic alteration of 3ILCT lifetimes using ancillary ligands in [Re(L)(CO)3(phen-TPA)]n+ complexes: An integrated spectroscopic and theoretical study. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 140(13), 4534-4542. doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b12868
Scottwell, S. Ø., Barnsley, J. E., McAdam, C. J., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2017). A ferrocene based switchable molecular folding ruler. Chemical Communications, 53, 7628-7631. doi: 10.1039/C7CC03358C
Vasdev, R. A. S., Preston, D., & Crowley, J. D. (2017). Multicavity metallosupramolecular architectures. Chemistry: An Asian Journal, 12(19), 2513-2523. doi: 10.1002/asia.201700948
Ross, D. A. W., Preston, D., & Crowley, J. D. (2017). Self-Assembly with 2,6-Bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine: Silver(I) and Iron(II) Complexes. Molecules, 22(10), 1762. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101762
Kim, T. Y., Digal, L., Gardiner, M. G., Lucas, N. T., & Crowley, J. D. (2017). Octahedral [Pd6L8]12+ metallosupramolecular cages: Synthesis, structures and guest-encapsulation studies. Chemistry: A European Journal, 23, 15089-15097. doi: 10.1002/chem.201702518
Preston, D., Lewis, J. E. M., & Crowley, J. D. (2017). Multicavity [PdnL4]2n+ cages with controlled segregated binding of different guests. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(6), 2379-2386. doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b11982
Preston, D., White, K. F., Lewis, J. E. M., Vasdev, R. A. S., Abrahams, B. F., & Crowley, J. D. (2017). Solid state gas adsorption studies with discrete palladium(II) [Pd2(L)4]4+ cages. Chemistry: A European Journal, 23(44), 10559-10567. doi: 10.1002/chem.201701477
Vasdev, R. A. S., Preston, D., & Crowley, J. D. (2017). Functional metallosupramolecular architectures using 1,2,3-triazole ligands: It's as easy as 1,2,3 "click". Dalton Transactions, 46(8), 2402-2414. doi: 10.1039/c6dt04702e
Scottwell, S. Ø., & Crowley, J. D. (2016). Ferrocene-containing non-interlocked molecular machines. Chemical Communications, 52, 2451-2464. doi: 10.1039/c5cc09569g
Kumar, S. V., Scottwell, S. Ø., Waugh, E., McAdam, C. J., Hanton, L. R., Brooks, H. J. L., & Crowley, J. D. (2016). Antimicrobial properties of tris(homoleptic) ruthenium(II) 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" complexes against pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Inorganic Chemistry, 55(19), 9767-9777. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01574
Elliott, A. B. S., Lewis, J. E. M., van der Salm, H., McAdam, C. J., Crowley, J. D., & Gordon, K. C. (2016). Luminescent cages: Pendant emissive units on [Pd2L4]4+ "click" cages. Inorganic Chemistry, 55(7), 3440-3447. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02843
Preston, D., Barnsley, J. E., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2016). Controlled formation of heteroleptic [Pd2(La)2(Lb)2]4+ cages. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138(33), 10578-10585. doi: 10.1021/jacs.6b05629
Preston, D., Tucker, R. A. J., Garden, A. L., & Crowley, J. D. (2016). Heterometallic [MnPtn(L)2n]x+ macrocycles from dichloromethane-derived bis-2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligands. Inorganic Chemistry, 55(17), 8928-8934. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01435
Pages, B. J., Sakoff, J., Gilbert, J., Zhang, Y., Li, F., Preston, D., Crowley, J. D., & Aldrich-Wright, J. R. (2016). Investigating the cytotoxicity of platinum(II) complexes incorporating bidentate pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole “click” ligands. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 165, 92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.06.017
Vasdev, R. A. S., Preston, D., Scottwell, S. Ø., Brooks, H. J. L., Crowley, J. D., & Schramm, M. P. (2016). Oxidatively locked [Co2L3]6+ cylinders derived from bis(bidentate) 2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "Click" ligands: Synthesis, stability, and antimicrobial studies. Molecules, 21(11), 1548. doi: 10.3390/molecules21111548
Huff, G. S., Lo, W. K. C., Horvath, R., Turner, J. O., Sun, X.-Z., Weal, G. R., Davidson, H. J., Kennedy, A. D. W., McAdam, C. J., Crowley, J. D., … Gordon, K. C. (2016). Excited states of triphenylamine-substituted 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole complexes. Inorganic Chemistry, 55(23), 12238-12253. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01959
McKay, A. P., Lo, W. K. C., Preston, D., Giles, G. I., Crowley, J. D., Barnsley, J. E., Gordon, K. C., & McMorran, D. A. (2016). Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of ((2-pyridyl)pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)benzoic acids: Synthesis, solid state characterisation and biological cytotoxicity. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 446, 41-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.02.038
Preston, D., McNeill, S. M., Lewis, J. E. M., Giles, G. I., & Crowley, J. D. (2016). Enhanced kinetic stability of [Pd2L4] 4+ cages through ligand substitution. Dalton Transactions, 45, 8050-8060. doi: 10.1039/c6dt00133e
Wright, J. R., Crowley, J. D., & Lucas, N. T. (2016). Carbon-rich "click" 1,2,3-triazoles: Hexaphenylbenzene and hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-based ligands for Suzuki-Miyaura catalysts. Chemical Communications, 52(88), 12976-12979. doi: 10.1039/c6cc07413h
Barnsley, J. E., Scottwell, S. Ø., Elliott, A. B. S., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2016). Structural, electronic, and computational studies of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes of 6,6′-dimesityl-2,2′-bipyridine with ferrocene-appended ethynyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands. Inorganic Chemistry, 55(16), 8184-8192. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01300
Lo, W. K. C., Castillo, C. E., Gueret, R., Fortage, J., Rebarz, M., Sliwa, M., … McAdam, C. J., … McMorran, D. A., Crowley, J. D., … Blackman, A. G. (2016). Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic H2-evolving activity of a family of [Co(N4Py)(X)]n+ complexes in aqueous solution. Inorganic Chemistry, 55, 4564-4581. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00391
McNeill, S. M., Preston, D., Lewis, J. E. M., Robert, A., Knerr-Rupp, K., Graham, D. O., Wright, J. R., Giles, G. I., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). Biologically active [Pd2L4]4+ quadruply-stranded helicates: Stability and cytotoxicity. Dalton Transactions, 44, 11129-11136. doi: 10.1039/c5dt01259g
Preston, D., Fox-Charles, A., Lo, W. K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). Chloride triggered reversible switching from a metallosupramolecular [Pd2L4]4+ cage to a [Pd2L2Cl4] metallo-macrocycle with release of endo- and exo-hedrally bound guests. Chemical Communications, 51, 9042-9045. doi: 10.1039/C5CC02226F
Lo, W. K. C., McAdam, C. J., Blackman, A. G., Crowley, J. D., & McMorran, D. A. (2015). The pentadentate ligands 2PyN2Q and N4Py, and their Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes: A synthetic, spectroscopic and crystallographic structural study. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 426, 183-194. doi: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.036
Scottwell, S. Ø., Elliott, A. B. S., Shaffer, K. J., Nafady, A., McAdam, C. J., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). Chemically and electrochemically induced expansion and contraction of a ferrocene rotor. Chemical Communications, 51, 8164. doi: 10.1039/c5cc01973g
Kumar, S. V., Lo, W. K. C., Brooks, H. J. L., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). Synthesis, structure, stability and antimicrobial activity of a ruthenium(II) helicate derived from a bis-bidentate "click" pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand. Inorganica Chimica Acta, 425, 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.10.011
Lo, W. K. C., Huff, G. S., Preston, D., McMorran, D. A., Giles, G. I., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). A dinuclear platinum(II) N4Py complex: An unexpected coordination mode for N4Py. Inorganic Chemistry, 54(14), 6671-6673. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01032
Cubanski, J. R., Reish, M. E., Blackman, A. G., Steel, P. J., Gordon, K. C., McMorran, D. A., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). Hybrid pyrazolyl-1,2,3-triazolyl tripodal tetraamine ligands: Click synthesis and cobalt(III) complexes. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 68(7), 1160-1170. doi: 10.1071/CH14700
Kim, T. Y., Lucas, N. T., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). A diaryl-linked [Pd2L4]4+ metallosupramolecular architecture: Synthesis, structures and cisplatin binding studies. Supramolecular Chemistry, 27(11-12), 734-745. doi: 10.1080/10610278.2015.1063633
Noor, A., Maloney, D. L., Lewis, J. E. M., Lo, W. K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). Acid–base driven ligand exchange with palladium(II) "click" complexes. Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 4(3), 208-211. doi: 10.1002/ajoc.201402197
Lo, W. K. C., Huff, G. S., Cubanski, J. R., Kennedy, A. D. W., McAdam, C. J., McMorran, D. A., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2015). Comparison of inverse and regular 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" complexes: Structures, stability, electrochemical, and photophysical properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 54(4), 1572-1587. doi: 10.1021/ic502557w
Noor, A., Lo, W. K. C., Moratti, S. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2014). CuAAC "click" active-template synthesis of functionalised [2]rotaxanes using small exo-substituted macrocycles: How small is too small? Chemical Communications, 50, 7044-7047. doi: 10.1039/c4cc03077j
Noor, A., Huff, G. S., Kumar, S. V., Lewis, J. E. M., Paterson, B. M., Schieber, C., … Brooks, H. J. L., Gordon, K. C., Moratti, S. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2014). [Re(CO)3]+ complexes of exo-functionalized tridentate "click" macrocycles: Synthesis, stability, photophysical properties, bioconjugation, and antibacterial activity. Organometallics, 33(24), 7031-7043. doi: 10.1021/om500664v
Scott, S. Ø., Shaffer, K. J., McAdam, C. J., & Crowley, J. D. (2014). 5-Ferrocenyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands: Synthesis, palladium(II) and copper(I) complexes, optical and electrochemical properties. RSC Advances, 4(67), 35726-35734. doi: 10.1039/c4ra05333h
Lewis, J. E. M., & Crowley, J. D. (2014). Exo- and endo-hedral interactions of counteranions with tetracationic Pd2L4 metallosupramolecular architectures. Supramolecular Chemistry, 26(3-4), 173-181.
Lo, W. K. C., Cavigliasso, G., Stranger, R., Crowley, J. D., & Blackman, A. G. (2014). Five-coordinate [PtII(bipyridine)2(phosphine)]π+ complexes: Long-lived intermediates in ligand substitution reactions of [Pt(bipyridine)2]2+ with phosphine ligands. Inorganic Chemistry, 53(7), 3595-3605. doi: 10.1021/ic403089j
Noor, A., Moratti, S. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2014). Active-template synthesis of "click" [2]rotaxane ligands: Self-assembly of mechanically interlocked metallo-supramolecular dimers, macrocycles and oligomers. Chemical Science, 5(11), 4283-4290. doi: 10.1039/c4sc01438c
Lewis, J. E. M., Elliott, A. B. S., McAdam, C. J., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2014). 'Click' to functionalise: Synthesis, characterisation and enhancement of the physical properties of a series of exo- and endo-functionalised Pd2L4 nanocages. Chemical Science, 5, 1833-1843. doi: 10.1039/C4SC00434E
Vellas, S. K., Lewis, J. E. M., Shankar, M., Sagatova, A., Tyndall, J. D. A., Monk, B. C., Fitchett, C. M., Hanton, L. R., & Crowley, J. D. (2013). [Fe2L3]4+ cylinders derived from bis(bidentate) 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole "click" ligands: Synthesis, structures and exploration of biological activity. Molecules, 18(6), 6383-6407. doi: 10.3390/molecules18066383
Lewis, J. E. M., McAdam, C. J., Gardiner, M. G., & Crowley, J. D. (2013). A facile "click" approach to functionalised metallosupramolecular architectures. Chemical Communications, 33, 3398-3400. doi: 10.1039/c3cc41209a
Cavigliasso, G., Stranger, R., Lo, W. K. C., Crowley, J. D., & Blackman, A. G. (2013). The nature of species derived from [Pt(bipy)2]2+ in aqueous solution: X-ray structural, mass spectral, NMR, and computational studies. Polyhedron, 64, 238-246. doi: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.05.004
Anderson, C. B., Elliott, A. B. S., McAdam, C. J., Gordon, K. C., & Crowley, J. D. (2013). fac-Re(CO)3Cl complexes of [2-(4-R-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl) methyl]pyridine inverse "click" ligands: A systematic synthetic, spectroscopic, and computational study. Organometallics, 32(3), 788-797. doi: 10.1021/om300868k
