Research Professor Anitra Carr

2026

Journal - Research Article

Wilson, R. B., Liang, Y., Kaushal, D., & Carr, A. (2026). Relationship between hypovitaminosis C, obesity, and features of metabolic syndrome: A narrative review. Nutrition Reviews. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf230

Journal - Research Other

Al-Busaidi, I. S., Carr, A. C., Harris, C., Mangin, D., & Hudson, B. (2026). Mapping the service models and outcomes from general practitioners with special interests/extended roles in Aotearoa New Zealand: A scoping review. Journal of Primary Health Care. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1071/HC25174

2025

Journal - Research Article

Crequer, N., McCall, C., Swanson, A., Vlasiuk, E., Chambers, S. T., & Carr, A. C. (2025). Clustering of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised adults in the Christchurch Region: association with socio-economic deprivation. New Zealand Medical Journal/Te ara tika o te hauora hapori, 138(1617), 85-99. doi: 10.26635/6965.6905

Carr, A. C., Frampton, C., & Lunt, H. (2025). Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased vitamin C requirements in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrition Research, 141(3), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.07.003

Carr, A. C. (2025). Do liposomal vitamin C formulations have improved bioavailability? A scoping review identifying future research directions. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 137(1), e70067. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.70067

Carr, A. C. (2025). Vitamin C status of pregnant and lactating women: Negative associations with body weight and current smoking. Nutrition Research, 139, 78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.001

Lykkesfeldt, J., Carr, A. C., & Tveden-Nyborg, P. (2025). The pharmacology of Vitamin C. Pharmacological Reviews, 77(2), 100043. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmr.2025.100043

Carr, A. C., Myint, P. K., Vijewardane, S. C., Johnstone, A. M., Crook, J., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2025). An increasing proportion of the population is not covered by the current RDA for vitamin C: Interrogation of EPIC-Norfolk and NHANES 2017/2018 cohorts. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 65(16), 3084-3095. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2356760

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C. (2025). Intravenous vitamin C as a primary cause of renal failure is not supported by the evidence base. New Zealand Medical Journal/Te ara tika o te hauora hapori, 138(1627), 141-143. doi: 10.26635/6965.7264

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Al-Busaidi, I. S., Carr, A. C., Harris, C., Mangin, D., & Hudson, B. (2025, November). Unlocking hidden capacity: Mapping special interest and extended role GP services in Aotearoa New Zealand. Verbal presentation at the Academic GP conference, Hamilton, New Zealand.

2024

Journal - Research Article

Rosengrave, P., Williman, J., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2024). Assessing the impact of physical, mental and cognitive impairments on health-related quality of life in sepsis survivors following intensive care admission in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal/Te ara tika o te hauora hapori, 137(1607), 22-33. Retrieved from https://www.nzmj.org.nz/

Carr, A. C., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., & Lunt, H. (2024). Understanding the additional impact of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus on vitamin C requirements in people living with obesity. Nutrition Research, 130, 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.08.001

Wilson, R. B., Liang, Y., Kaushal, D., & Carr, A. (2024). Molecular pharmacology of vitamin C and relevance to health and obesity: A narrative review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(14). doi: 10.3390/ijms25147523

Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Whitehead, R., Williman, J., & Carr, A. C. (2024). A high vitamin C micronutrient supplement is unable to attenuate inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome but may improve metabolic health indices: A randomised controlled trial. Antioxidants, 13(4), 404. doi: 10.3390/antiox13040404

Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Storer, M., Maze, M. J., Williman, J., Chambers, S. T., & Carr, A. C. (2024). SunGold kiwifruit consumption restores adequate to optimal vitamin C status in people with a history of severe respiratory infections. Antioxidants, 13, 272. doi: 10.3390/antiox13030272

Journal - Research Other

Lykkesfeldt, J., & Carr, A. C. (2024). Vitamin C. Advances in Nutrition, 15, 100155. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Carr, A., Myint, P. K., Vijewardane, S., Johnstone, A., Crook, J., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2024). RDA for vitamin C revisited: Problems with Increasing population bodyweight. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice & Research / Revue canadienne de la pratique et de la recherche en diététique, 85(3), (pp. 314-315). doi: 10.3148/cjdpr-2024-020

2023

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Lunt, H., Wareham, N. J., & Myint, P. K. (2023). Estimating vitamin C intake requirements in diabetes mellitus: Analysis of NHANES 2017-2018 and EPIC-Norfolk cohorts. Antioxidants, 12(10), 1863. doi: 10.3390/antiox12101863

Carr, A. C., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Scott-Thomas, A., Storer, M., Maze, M., & Chambers, S. T. (2023). Low vitamin C concentrations in patients with community-acquired pneumonia resolved with pragmatic administration of intravenous and oral vitamin C. Antioxidants, 12, 1610. doi: 10.3390/antiox12081610

Chambers, S. T., Scott-Thomas, A., Storer, M., Slow, S., Williman, J., Epton, M., Murdoch, D. R., Metcalf, S., Carr, A., Isenman, H., & Maze, M. (2023). Adjunctive intravenous then oral vitamin C for moderate and severe community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults: Feasibility of randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 13, 11879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37934-z

Carr, A. C., Bradley, H. A., Vlasiuk, E., Pierard, H., Beddow, J., & Rucklidge, J. J. (2023). Inflammation and vitamin C in women with prenatal depression and anxiety: Effect of multinutrient supplementation. Antioxidants, 12, 941. doi: 10.3390/antiox12040941

Carr, A. C., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2023). Factors affecting the vitamin C dose-concentration relationship: Implications for global vitamin C dietary recommendations. Nutrients, 15(7), 1657. doi: 10.3390/nu15071657

Lunt, H., Carr, A. C., Heenan, H. F., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Prickett, T., & Frampton, C. (2023). People with diabetes and hypovitaminosis C fail to conserve urinary vitamin C. Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology, 31, 100316. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2023.100316

Carr, A. C., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2023). Does aging affect vitamin C status relative to intake? Findings from NHANES 2017-2018. Nutrients, 15, 892. doi: 10.3390/nu15040892

Journal - Research Other

Lykkesfeldt, J., & Carr, A. C. (2023). Vitamin C: A scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food & Nutrition Research, 67, 10300. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10300

Carr, A. C., & Zawari, M. (2023). Does aging have an impact on vitamin C status and requirements? A scoping review of comparative studies of aging and institutionalisation. Nutrients, 15, 915. doi: 10.3390/nu15040915

2022

Journal - Research Article

Rosengrave, P. C., Wohlrab, C., Spencer, E., Williman, J., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Effect of intravenous vitamin C on arterial blood gas analyser and Accu-Chek point-of-care glucose monitoring in critically ill patients. Critical Care & Resuscitation, 24(2), 175-182. doi: 10.51893/2022.2.Oa7

Vlasiuk, E., Rosengrave, P., Roberts, E., Boden, J. M., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Critically ill septic patients have elevated oxidative stress biomarkers: Lack of attenuation by parenteral vitamin C. Nutrition Research, 108, 53-59. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.10.010

Carr, A. C., Vlasiuk, E., Zawari, M., Meijer, N., Lauren, C., MacPherson, S., Williman, J., & Chambers, S. T. (2022). Supplementation with oral vitamin C prior to and during myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A pilot study. Antioxidants, 11(10), 1949. doi: 10.3390/antiox11101949

Cant, N., Buchanan, M., Carr, A., & Boden, J. M. (2022). Cannabis use and patterns of psychotic symptomatology in a longitudinal birth cohort. New Zealand Medical Journal, 135(1562), 25-33. Retrieved from https://journal.nzma.org.nz/

Carr, A. C., Block, G., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2022). Estimation of vitamin C intake requirements based on body weight: Implications for obesity. Nutrients, 14, 1460. doi: 10.3390/nu14071460

Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Heenan, H., Lunt, H., Vollebregt, M., & Prickett, T. C. R. (2022). Vitamin C status in people with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and varying degrees of renal dysfunction: Relationship to body weight. Antioxidants, 11(2), 245. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020245

Rosengrave, P., Spencer, E., Williman, J., Mehrtens, J., Morgan, S., Doyle, T., Van Der Heyden, K., … Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Intravenous vitamin C administration to patients with septic shock: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Critical Care, 26(1), 26. doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-03900-w

Spencer, E., Rosengrave, P., Williman, J., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. C. (2022). Circulating protein carbonyls are specifically elevated in critically ill patients with pneumonia relative to other sources of sepsis. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 179, 208-212. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.029

Fujii, T., Salanti, G., Belletti, A., Bellomo, R., Carr, A., Furukawa, T. A., … Young, P. J. (2022). Effect of adjunctive vitamin C, glucocorticoids, and vitamin B1 on longer-term mortality in adults with sepsis or septic shock: A systematic review and a component network meta-analysis. Intensive Care Medicine, 48, 16-24. doi: 10.1007/s00134-021-06558-0

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C., & Lunt, H. (2022). Is “renal leak” of vitamin C an issue for people with diabetes? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 116(1), 3-4. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac088

Carr, A. C., & Gombart, A. F. (2022). Multi-level immune support by vitamins C and D during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Nutrients, 14, 689. doi: 10.3390/nu14030689

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Heenan, H., Lunt, H., Carr, A., Spencer, E., Vollebregt, M., & Prickett, T. C. R. (2022). Urinary vitamin C excretion is inappropriately elevated in people with hypovitaminosis C and diabetes. Proceedings of the 45th New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes (NZSSD) Annual Scientific Meeting. (pp. 50). Retrieved from https://www.ivvy.com.au/event/NZSSD22/welcome.html

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Faatoese, A., Carr, A., John, C., Fakahau, T., Maoate, B., Skidmore, P., & Cameron, V. (2022, August). From screening to intervention: Vitamin C in the Pasifika Heart study. Verbal presentation at the Metabolic & Cardiovascular Disease Satellite Meeting: Queenstown Research Week, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Other Research Output

Carr, A. (2021, July). To C or not to C? Everything you ever wanted to know about vitamin C. Auckland Bioengineering Institute (ABI) Tuesday Seminar Series, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. [Research Presentation].

2021

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S., Pullar, J., Spencer, E., Rosengrave, P., & Shaw, G. (2021). Neutrophils isolated from septic patients exhibit elevated uptake of vitamin C and normal intracellular concentrations despite a low vitamin C milieu. Antioxidants, 10(10), 1607. doi: 10.3390/antiox10101607

Hemilä, H., Carr, A., & Chalker, E. (2021). Vitamin C may increase the recovery rate of outpatient cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection by 70%: Reanalysis of the COVID A to Z randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 674681. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674681

Rowe, S., Collins, P. D., Stacey, S. E., & Carr, A. C. (2021). Micronutrients and respiratory infections: The biological rationale and current state of clinical evaluation. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 82(4). doi: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0730

Pearson, A. G., Pullar, J. M., Cook, J., Spencer, E. S., Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., & Hampton, M. B. (2021). Peroxiredoxin 2 oxidation reveals hydrogen peroxide generation within erythrocytes during high-dose vitamin C administration. Redox Biology, 43, 101980. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101980

Dachs, G. U., Gandhi, J., Wohlrab, C., Carr, A. C., Morrin, H. R., Pullar, J. M., Bayer, S. B., Eglinton, T. W., Robinson, B. A., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2021). Vitamin C administration by intravenous infusion increases tumor ascorbate content in patients with colon cancer: A clinical intervention study. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, 600715. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600715

Carr, A. C., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2021). Discrepancies in global vitamin C recommendations: A review of RDA criteria and underlying health perspectives. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 61(5), 742-755. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1744513

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2021). Vitamin C and COVID-19: Should clinical trials be prioritised for low income settings and vitamin C-deficient populations? Critical Care & Resuscitation, 23(1), 119-120. doi: 10.51893/2021.1.L1

Holford, P., Carr, A. C., Zawari, M., & Vizcaychipi, M. P. (2021). Vitamin C intervention for critical COVID-19: A pragmatic review of the current level of evidence. Life, 11, 1166. doi: 10.3390/life11111166

Carr, A. C., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2021). Vitamin C: From bench to bedside. Nutrients, 13(4), 1102. doi: 10.3390/nu13041102

Carr, A. C. (2021). Is "mega-dose" IV vitamin C required for septic and critical coronavirus disease 2019 patients? Critical Care Medicine, 49(4), e477-e478. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004873

Hemilä, H., & Carr, A. (2021). Comment on "Therapeutic target and molecular mechanism of vitamin C-treated pneumonia: A systematic study of network pharmacology" by R. Li, C. Guo, Y. Li, X. Liang, L. Yang and W. Huang, Food Funct., 2020, 11, 4765. Food & Function, 12, 1371-1372. doi: 10.1039/d0fo02189j

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

McCall, C., Crowe, M., & Carr, A. (2021). Understanding the patient experience and early clinical course of sepsis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, (pp. 24). doi: 10.1177/16094069211053959

Carr, A. (2021). Optimal nutrition to maximize immune function: Relevance to COVID-19 [Plenary]. In S. Iuliano, K. Livingstone, W. Stonehouse & A. Coates (Eds.) Proceedings, 72(1), 1.2. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2021072001

Other Research Output

Drisko, J., Carr, A., Traber, M, & Fowler, A. (2021, February). Vitamin C and health: New frontiers. A Linus Pauling Day Event, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, [Online]. [Research Presentation].

Carr, A., Rosengrave, P., & Spencer, E. (2021, May). Nutrition in medicine: To C or not to C (what clinical trials are telling us). UOC Research Seminar Series, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. [Research Presentation].

2020

Chapter in Book - Research

Carr, A. C. (2020). Vitamin C in pneumonia and sepsis. In Q. Chen & M. C. M. Vissers (Eds.), Vitamin C: New biochemical and functional insights. (pp. 115-135). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

Journal - Research Article

Spencer, E. S., Pitcher, T., Veron, G., Hannam, T., MacAskill, M., Anderson, T., Dalrymple-Alford, J., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Positive association of ascorbate and inverse association of urate with cognitive function in people with Parkinson’s disease. Antioxidants, 9(10), 1-13. doi: 10.3390/antiox9100906

Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Mackle, D., Hunt, A., Judd, H., Mehrtens, J., … Beaumont, M., Kaur, S., … Young, P. J. (2020). The effect of conservative oxygen therapy on systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress in critically ill patients. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 160, 13-18. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.018

Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Das, A., Meijer, N., Lauren, C., MacPherson, S., & Chambers, S. T. (2020). Patients undergoing myeloablative chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation exhibit depleted vitamin C status in association with febrile neutropenia. Nutrients, 12(6), 1879. doi: 10.3390/nu12061879

Baxter-Parker, G., Gaddam, R. R., Moltchanova, E., Carr, A. C., Shaw, G., Chambers, S., & Gieseg, S. P. (2020). Oxidative stress and immune cell activation quantification in sepsis and non-sepsis critical care patients by neopterin/7,8-dihydroneopterin analysis. Pteridines, 31(1), 68-82. doi: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0015

Pullar, J. M., Dunham, S., Dachs, G. U., Vissers, M. C. M., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Erythrocyte ascorbate is a potential indicator of steady-state plasma ascorbate concentrations in healthy non-fasting individuals. Nutrients, 12(2), 418. doi: 10.3390/nu12020418

Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Hoskin, T. S., Rosengrave, P., Kettle, A. J., & Shaw, G. (2020). Circulating myeloperoxidase is elevated in septic shock and is associated with systemic organ failure and mortality in critically ill patients. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 152, 462-468. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.004

Journal - Research Other

Holford, P., Carr, A. C., Jovic, T. H., Ali, S. R., Whitaker, I. S., Marik, P. E., & Smith, A. D. (2020). Vitamin C: An adjunctive therapy for respiratory infection, sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients, 12(12), 3760. doi: 10.3390/nu12123760

Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2020). The emerging role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Nutrients, 12, 3286. doi: 10.3390/nu12113286

Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients, 12(4), 1181. doi: 10.3390/nu12041181

Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2020). Factors affecting vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A global health perspective. Nutrients, 12, 1963. doi: 10.3390/nu12071963

Rowe, S., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? Nutrients, 12, 2008. doi: 10.3390/nu12072008

Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Reply to "Overstated claims of efficacy and safety: Comment on: Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1181". Nutrients, 12, 2696. doi: 10.3390/nu12092696

Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Reply to “Comment on: Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections”. Nutrients, 12(8), 2326. doi: 10.3390/nu12082326

Carr, A. C. (2020). Micronutrient status of COVID-19 patients: A critical consideration. Critical Care, 24, 349. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03085-0

Yanase, F., Fujii, T., Naorungroj, T., Belletti, A., Luethi, N., Carr, A. C., … Bellomo, R. (2020). Harm of IV high-dose vitamin C therapy in adult patients: A scoping review. Critical Care Medicine, 48(7), e620-e628. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004396

Carr, A. C. (2020). Is the VITAMINS RCT indicating potential redundancy between corticosteroids and vitamin C? Critical Care, 24, 129. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02853-2

Carr, A. C. (2020). A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Critical Care, 24, 133. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02851-4

Masse, M.-H., Menard, J., Sprague, S., Battista, M.-C., Cook, D. J., Guyatt, G. H., … Carr, A., … and on behalf of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. (2020). Lessening organ dysfunction with VITamin C (LOVIT): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 21, 42. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3834-1

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Spencer, E., Hoskin, T., Rosengrave, P., Kettle, A., Shaw, G., & Carr, A. (2020). Circulating myeloperoxidase is elevated in septic shock and is associated with systemic organ failure and mortality in critically ill patients. New Zealand Medical Journal, 133(1524), (pp. 145-146). Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Wall, C., MacFarlane, K., Carr, A., Day, A., & Gearry, R. (2020). Inadequate vitamin C status and association with inflammatory biomarkers in adults with active Crohn's disease. Journal of Crohn's & Colitis, 14(Suppl. 1), (pp. S465-S466). doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.675

Working Paper; Discussion Paper; Technical Report

Carr, A. C., & Rowe, S. (2020). Factors affecting vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A global health perspective. Preprints. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202006.0021/v1

Rowe, S., & Carr, A. C. (2020). Global vitamin C status and prevalence of deficiency: A cause for concern? Preprints. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202005.0394/v1

Carr, A. C., Spencer, E., Dixon, L., & Chambers, S. (2020). Patients with community acquired pneumonia exhibit depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress. PrePrints. doi: 10.20944/preprints202004.0243.v1

Calder, P. C., Carr, A. C., Gombart, A. F., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2020). Optimal nutritional status for a well-functioning immune system is an important factor to protect against viral infections. Preprints. Retrieved from https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0199/v1

2019

Chapter in Book - Research

Carr, A., & Cheng, C. P. (2019). Veins of the upper body. In C. P. Cheng (Ed.), Handbook of vascular motion. (pp. 225-246). London, UK: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815713-8.00011-5

Journal - Research Article

Zawari, M., Poller, B., Walker, G., Pearson, A., & Carr, A. C. (2019). Formulation of broccoli sprout powder in gastro-resistant capsules protects against the acidic pH of the stomach in vitro but does not increase isothiocyanate bioavailability in vivo. Antioxidants, 8(9), 359. doi: 10.3390/antiox8090359

Bozonet, S. M., & Carr, A. C. (2019). The role of physiological vitamin C concentrations on key functions of neutrophils isolated from healthy individuals. Nutrients, 11(6), 1363. doi: 10.3390/nu11061363

Journal - Research Other

Fujii, T., Belletti, A., Carr, A., Furukawa, T. A., Luethi, N., Putzu, A., … Bellomo, R. (2019). Vitamin C therapy for patients with sepsis or septic shock: A protocol for a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 9(11), e033458. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033458

Liugan, M., & Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C and neutrophil function: Findings from randomized controlled trials. Nutrients, 11, 2102. doi: 10.3390/nu11092102

Carr, A. C. (2019). Duration of intravenous vitamin C therapy is a critical consideration. Critical Care & Resuscitation, 21(3), 220-221. [Letter].

Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C administration in the critically ill: A summary of recent meta-analyses. Critical Care, 23, 265. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2538-y

Hooper, M. H., Carr, A., & Marik, P. E. (2019). The adrenal-vitamin C axis: From fish to guinea pigs and primates. Critical Care, 23, 29. doi: 10.1186/s13054-019-2332-x

Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles

Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C Symposium 2019: "Vitamin C for Cancer and Infection: From Bench to Bedside" [Conference report]. Proceedings, 5(1), 3. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Foster, M. N., Carr, A. C., Antony, A., Peng, S., & Fitzpatrick, M. G. (2019). Intravenous vitamin C administration improved blood cell counts and health-related quality of life of patient with history of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.4). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003

Baillie, N., Carr, A. C., & Peng, S. (2019). The use of intravenous vitamin C as a supportive therapy for a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.3). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003

Prier, M., Carr, A. C., & Baillie, N. (2019). No reported renal stones with intravenous vitamin C administration: A prospective case series study. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.2). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003

Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Cook, J. (2019). Pharmacologic vitamin C improves fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (6.1). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003

Carr, A. C. (2019). Vitamin C cofactor activities: Vasopressor synthesis. Proceedings, 5(1), 3 (3.1). doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019005003

2018

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., & Cook, J. (2018). Intravenous vitamin C for cancer therapy: Identifying the current gaps in our knowledge. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1182. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01182

Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2018). High vitamin C status is associated with elevated mood in male tertiary students. Antioxidants, 7(7), 91. doi: 10.3390/antiox7070091

Wilson, R., Willis, J., Gearry, R. B., Hughes, A., Lawley, B., Skidmore, P., Frampton, C., Fleming, E., Anderson, A., Jones, L., Tannock, G. W., & Carr, A. C. (2018). SunGold kiwifruit supplementation of individuals with prediabetes alters gut microbiota and improves Vitamin C status, anthropometric and clinical markers. Nutrients, 10, 895. doi: 10.3390/nu10070895

Prier, M., Carr, A. C., & Baillie, N. (2018). No reported renal stones with intravenous vitamin C administration: A prospective case series study. Antioxidants, 7(5), 68. doi: 10.3390/antiox7050068

Pullar, J. M., Bayer, S., & Carr, A. C. (2018). Appropriate handling, processing and analysis of blood samples is essential to avoid oxidation of vitamin C to dehydroascorbic acid. Antioxidants, 7(2), 29. doi: 10.3390/antiox7020029

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C. (2018). Can a simple chemical help to both prevent and treat sepsis. Critical Care, 22, 247. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-2161-3

Baillie, N., Carr, A. C., & Peng, S. (2018). The use of intravenous vitamin C as a supportive therapy for a patient with glioblastoma multiforme. Antioxidants, 7(9), 115. doi: 10.3390/antiox7090115

Foster, M. N., Carr, A. C., Antony, A., Peng, S., & Fitzpatrick, M. G. (2018). Intravenous vitamin C administration improved blood cell counts and health-related quality of life of patient with history of relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. Antioxidants, 7(7), 92. doi: 10.3390/antiox7070092

2017

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Rosengrave, P. C., Bayer, S., Chambers, S., Mehrtens, J., & Shaw, G. M. (2017). Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency in critically ill patients despite recommended enteral and parenteral intakes. Critical Care, 21, 300. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1891-y

Carr, A. C., & Maggini, S. (2017). Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients, 9(11), 1211. doi: 10.3390/nu9111211

Wilson, R., Willis, J., Gearry, R., Skidmore, P., Fleming, E., Frampton, C., & Carr, A. (2017). Inadequate vitamin C status in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Associations with glycaemic control, obesity, and smoking. Nutrients, 9(9), 997. doi: 10.3390/nu9090997

Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9(8), 866. doi: 10.3390/nu9080866

Pearson, J. F., Pullar, J. M., Wilson, R., Spittlehouse, J. K., Vissers, M. C. M., Skidmore, P. M. L., Willis, J., Cameron, V. A., & Carr, A. C. (2017). Vitamin C status correlates with markers of metabolic and cognitive health in 50-year-olds: Findings of the CHALICE Cohort Study. Nutrients, 9(8), 831. doi: 10.3390/nu9080831

Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Rosengrave, P., Kettle, A. J., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). Elevated seminal plasma myeloperoxidase is associated with a decreased sperm concentration in young men. Andrology, 5(3), 431-438. doi: 10.1111/andr.12327

Conner, T. S., Brookie, K. L., Carr, A. C., Mainvil, L. A., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2017). Let them eat fruit! The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological well-being in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0171206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171206

Brookie, K. L., Mainvil, L. A., Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Conner, T. S. (2017). The development and effectiveness of an ecological momentary intervention to increase daily fruit and vegetable consumption in low-consuming young adults. Appetite, 108, 32-41. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.09.015

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C., & McCall, C. (2017). The role of vitamin C in the treatment of pain: New insights. Journal of Translational Medicine, 15, 77. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1179-7

Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles

Carr, A. C. (2017). Symposium on Vitamin C, 15th September 2017: Part of the Linus Pauling Institute’s 9th International Conference on Diet and Optimum Health [Meeting report]. Antioxidants, 6(4), 94. doi: 10.3390/antiox6040094

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Carr, A. C. (2017). Vitamin C requirements and mechanisms of action in severe infection [Invited]. Antioxidants, 6(4), 94. doi: 10.3390/antiox6040094

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Shaw, G. (2017, July). Can vitamin C aid immune function in sepsis? Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Branch of the Australasian Society for Immunology (NZ ASI) Annual Scientific Meeting, Christchurch, New Zealand.

2016

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., Bozonet, S. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2016). Marginal ascorbate status (Hypovitaminosis C) results in an attenuated response to vitamin C supplementation. Nutrients, 8(6), 341. doi: 10.3390/nu8060341

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Brookie, K., Mainvil, L., Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Conner, T. (2016). The effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on psychological wellbeing in young adults. European Health Psychology Society (EHPS) and the British Psychology Society Division of Health Psychology (DHP) Annual Conference. (pp. 499). Retrieved from http://ehps2016.org

Vissers, M. C. M., Campbell, E. J., Kuiper, C., Carr, A. C., Wohlrab, C., Bozonet, S. M., Morrin, H., Robinson, B. A., & Dachs, G. U. (2016). Ascorbate as an anti-cancer therapy? Investigations into feasibility and potential mechanism of action. Proceedings of the Diagnostics, Drugs, Devices, Discovery (D4) Conference. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/d4/index.html

2015

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Shaw, G. M., Fowler, A. A., & Natarajan, R. (2015). Ascorbate-dependent vasopressor synthesis: A rationale for vitamin C administration in severe sepsis and septic shock? Critical Care, 19, 418. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1131-2

Bozonet, S. M., Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2015). Enhanced human neutrophil vitamin C status, chemotaxis and oxidant generation following dietary supplementation with vitamin C-rich SunGold kiwifruit. Nutrients, 7(4), 2574-2588. doi: 10.3390/nu7042574

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. S. (2015). Parenteral vitamin C relieves chronic fatigue and pain in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and mononeuritis multiplex secondary to CNS vasculitis. Case Reports in Clinical Pathology, 2(2), 57-61. doi: 10.5430/crcp.v2n2p57

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Carr, A., Pullar, J., Bozonet, S., & Vissers, M. (2015). Marginal ascorbate status (hypovitaminosis C) results in an attenuated response to supplementation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 39, (pp. 71). Sydney, Australia: Nutrition Society of Australia. [Abstract]

Brookie, K., Carr, A., Vissers, M., & Conner, T. (2015). Can an apple a day keep the psychologist away? The role of fruit and vegetable consumption in psychological well-being of young adults. Proceedings of the Psycolloquy Seminar. (pp. 12). Dunedin, New Zealand: Department of Psychology, University of Otago. Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/psychology/research/otago059081.html

2014

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. S. (2014). The effect of intravenous vitamin C on cancer- and chemotherapy-related fatigue and quality of life. Frontiers in Oncology, 4, 283. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00283

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A., Pullar, J., Forbes, L., & Rosengrave, P. (2014). Working mothers are disadvantaged by limited funding for health research. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1398). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. (2014). Parenteral vitamin C for palliative care of terminal cancer patients. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1396). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Dachs, G. U., Munn, D. G., Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Robinson, B. A. (2014). Consumption of vitamin C is below recommended daily intake in many cancer patients and healthy volunteers in Christchurch. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1390). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. (2014). Relief from cancer chemotherapy side effects with pharmacologic vitamin C. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1388). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

2013

Chapter in Book - Research

Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., & Bozonet, S. M. (2013). The bioavailability of vitamin C from kiwifruit. In M. Boland & P. J. Moughan (Eds.), Nutritional benefits of kiwifruit. (pp. 125-147). Waltham, MA: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394294-4.00007-9

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). A randomised cross-over pharmacokinetic bioavailability study of synthetic versus kiwifruit-derived vitamin C. Nutrients, 5(11), 4451-4461. doi: 10.3390/nu5114451

Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Synthetic or food-derived vitamin C—are they equally bioavailable? Nutrients, 5(11), 4284-4304. doi: 10.3390/nu5114284

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., Simcock, J. W., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). A randomized steady-state bioavailability study of synthetic versus natural (kiwifruit-derived) vitamin C. Nutrients, 5(9), 3684-3695. doi: 10.3390/nu5093684

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Mood improvement in young adult males following supplementation with gold kiwifruit, a high-vitamin C food. Journal of Nutritional Science, 2, e24. doi: 10.1017/jns.2013.12

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., Simcock, J. W., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Human skeletal muscle ascorbate is highly responsive to changes in vitamin C intake and plasma concentrations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97, 800-807. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.053207

Journal - Research Other

Pullar, J. M., Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Vitamin C supplementation and kidney stone risk. New Zealand Medical Journal, 126(1384). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Beating the blues: The association between fruit and vegetable intake and improved mood. New Zealand Medical Journal, 126(1384). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Mood and vitality improvement in young adult males following supplementation with gold kiwifruit, a high vitamin C food. Australasian Medical Journal, 6(11), (pp. 667). [Abstract]

Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., Bozonet, S. M., Moran, S., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013). Bioavailability of vitamin C from a common food source (kiwifruit) in young adult males. Australasian Medical Journal, 6(11), (pp. 658). [Abstract]

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., & Cook, J. (2013, August). Pharmacologic vitamin C improves fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients: Two case reports. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., Simcock, J. W., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013, August). Human skeletal muscle ascorbate is highly responsive to changes in vitamin C intake and plasma concentrations. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Carr, A. C., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013, August). Mood improvement and reduced fatigue in young adult males following supplementation with kiwifruit, a high vitamin C food. Poster session presented at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Vissers, M. C. M., Kuiper, C., Dachs, G. U., Campbell, E., Pujary, U.-R., Bozonet, S. M., Pullar, J. M., & Carr, A. C. (2013, August). The role of vitamin C in managing metabolic stress and its impact in tumour biology and inflammation. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.

2012

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Pullar, J. M., Moran, S., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2012). Bioavailability of vitamin C from kiwifruit in non-smoking males: Determination of ‘healthy’ and ‘optimal’ intakes. Journal of Nutritional Science, 1, e14. doi: 10.1017/jns.2012.15

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C. (2012). Depressed mood associated with gluten sensitivity: Resolution of symptoms with a gluten-free diet. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1366). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C. M., Lewis, J., & Elder, P. (2012). Multiple nutrient insufficiencies: Hypovitaminosis D and C in young adult New Zealand males. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1364). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2012). Good nutrition matters: Hypovitaminosis C associated with depressed mood and poor wound healing. New Zealand Medical Journal, 125(1362). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

2001

Journal - Research Article

Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., & Winterbourn, C. C. (2001). Fatty acid chlorohydrins and bromohydrins are cytotoxic to human endothelial cells. Redox Report, 6, 49-55. doi: 10.1179/135100001101536030

2000

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C., McCall, M. R., & Frei, B. (2000). Oxidation of LDL by myeloperoxidase and reacitve nitrogen species. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, & Vascular Biology, 20(7), 1716-1723. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.20.7.1716

Carr, A., & Frei, B. (2000). The role of natural antioxidants in preserving the biological activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 28(12), 1806-1814. doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00225-2

Carr, A. C., Zhu, B.-Z., & Frei, B. (2000). Potential antiatherogenic mechanisms of ascorbate (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). Circulation Research, 87, 349-354. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.87.5.349

1999

Journal - Research Other

Carr, A. C., & Frei, B. (1999). Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 696, 1086-1107. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/69.6.1086

Carr, A., & Frei, B. (1999). Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? FASEB Journal, 13(9), 1007-1024. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.13.9.1007

1998

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A., van den Berg, J. J. M., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1998). Differential reactivities of hypochlorous and hypobromous acids with purified E.coli phospholipid: formation of haloamines and halohydrins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: General Subjects, 1392, 254-264.

Vissers, M. C. M., Carr, A. C., & Chapman, A. L. P. (1998). A comparison of human red cell lysis by hypochlorous and hypobromous acid: insights into the mechanism of lysis. Biochemical Journal, 330, 131-138. doi: 10.1042/bj3300131

1997

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A. C., Vissers, M. C., Domigan, N. M., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1997). Modification of red cell membrane lipids by hypochlorus acid and haemolysis by preformed lipid chlorohydrins. Redox Report, 3, 263-271.

Domigan, N. M., Carr, A. C., Lewis, J. G., Elder, P. A., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1997). A monoclonal antibody recognizing the chlorohydrin derivatives of oleic acid for probing hypochlorous acid involvement in tissue injury. Redox Report, 3(2), 111-117.

Carr, A., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1997). Oxidation of neutrophil glutathione and protein thiols by myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid. Biochemical Journal, 327(1), 275-281.

Carr, A., Winterbourn, C. C., Blunt, J. W. W., Phillips, A., & Abell, A. D. (1997). Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of 6a-chloro-5b-cholestane-3b, 5-diol formed from the reaction of hypochlorous acid with cholesterol. Lipids, 32(4), 363-367.

1996

Journal - Research Article

Carr, A., van den Berg, J. J. M., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1996). Chlorination of cholesterol in cell membranes by hypochlorous acid. Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 332, 63-69.

Carr, A., Winterbourn, C. C., & van den Berg, J. J. M. (1996). Peroxidase-mediated bromination of unsaturated fatty acids to form bromohydrins. Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 327, 227-233.

1995

Journal - Research Article

Inder, T. E., Carr, A. C., Winterbourn, C. C., Austin, N. C., & Darlow, B. A. (1995). Vitamin A and E status in very low birth weight infants: Development of an improved parenteral delivery system. Journal of Pediatrics, 126(1), 128-131. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70515-5

1994

Journal - Research Article

Kettle, A. J., Carr, A. C., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1994). Assays using horseradish peroxidase and phenolic substrates require superoxide dismutase for accurate determination of hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 17(2), 161-164.

Thomas, C., Carr, A. C., & Winterbourn, C. C. (1994). Free radical inactivation of rabbit muscle creatinine kinase: Catalysis by physiological and hydrolized ICRF-187 (ICRF-198) iron chelates. Free Radical Research, 21(6), 387-397.

1993

Journal - Research Article

Winterbourn, C. C., & Carr, A. C. (1993). Myeloperoxidase-dependent loss of malondialdehyde: A limitation for detecting neutrophil-mediated lipid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 302(2), 461-467. doi: 10.1006/abbi.1993.1240