Kenneth Hodge, Academic staff, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand

khodge Professor
MS(Montana) PhD(Ill)
Tel +64 3 479 8945
Email ken.hodge@otago.ac.nz

Background

Dr Hodge is a Professor in sport and exercise psychology at the School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand (NZ). He joined the School in 1988, after completing his PhD at the University of Illinois (USA). His research focuses primarily on the psycho-social effects of participation in sport. In particular, he has investigated issues such as motivational orientations in sport, prosocial and antisocial behaviour in sport, athlete burnout and athlete engagement, lifeskill development through sport, and self-esteem and moral development in sport.

Dr Hodge served as Associate Editor for the Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (USA) from 2005-2012 and currently serves on the Editorial Boards of Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology (USA), Psychology of Sport & Exercise (Europe), Journal of Applied Sport Psychology (USA), and The Sport Psychologist (USA). In addition, he regularly serves as a reviewer for a number of international journals such as the Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (USA), and Journal of Sports Sciences (UK).

Ken served on the Executive Board for Sport & Exercise Science NZ from 2008-2012, and is a former President of the NZ Sport Psychology Association (having served as President from 1992-1996). He also served as Deputy-Chairman of the NZ Federation of Sports Medicine from 1993-1995; and as a board member for Sport Otago (1998-2004).

In addition, Ken has extensive experience working with elite NZ athletes as a Mental Skills Trainer (e.g., 1990, 1994, 1998 Commonwealth Games, 1992 Summer Olympics; 2006 Winter Olympics; NZ Colts Rugby, 2002-2005; Highlanders Super 14 Rugby Team, 2010; Silver Ferns Netball, 2006-2007; NZ Academy of Sport athletes, 2002-2010; MotorSport NZ Academy, 2002-2014; IRB Sevens Elite Referees Squad, 2014).

Teaching

Research

Motivational Indices of Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour in Sport
Motivational Climates in Elite Sports teams
Sport Psychology Consultant (SPC) Effectiveness
Athlete Burnout & Engagement
Motivational Orientations in Sport
Sport and LifeSkill Development

Motivational Indices of Prosocial and Antisocial behaviour in Sport. Along with my colleague, Dr Chris Lonsdale (University of Western Sydney), I have been involved in research employing Self Determination Theory (SDT) to examine a range of psychological variables in sport. Despite the substantial increase in the use of SDT in sport, this theory has not been used to date to examine prosocial and antisocial behaviour. We planned a series of studies to investigate ‘Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviour in Sport’ (a key aspect of morality in sport). We published one paper in 2011; and a related study with another colleague, Dr Elaine Hargreaves, regarding ‘drugs in sport’ (as another indicator of antisocial behaviour in sport) in 2013.

Motivational Climates in Elite Sports Teams. In 2012-2013 I was involved in a research project with two coaches (Head Coach, Graham Henry; Assistant Coach, Wayne Smith) from the World Champion NZ All Blacks Rugby Team. We examined two related issues: (i) coach-created motivational climate, and (ii) coach-led practices for coping with pressure and ‘avoiding-the-choke’. One paper is currently ‘in press’ and another is ‘under review’.

Sport Psychology Consultant (SPC) Effectiveness. Since 2010 I have been involved, along with Dr Lee-Ann Sharp (University of Ulster, N. Ireland), in a series of studies examining what makes an ‘effective’ Sport Psychology Consultant (SPC). We have examined SPC effectiveness from the perspectives of the athlete, the coach, pre-elite SPCs, and elite-level (e.g., Olympics) SPCs. Four publications, and one in press.

Athlete Burnout & Engagement. In conjunction with Dr Chris Lonsdale (University of Western Sydney, Australia) and Dr Tom Raedeke (E. Carolina University, USA) we have examined motivational issues (self-determination theory) related to ‘athlete burnout’. I also worked with Drs Lonsdale and Raedeke on a related project examining motivational issues (self-determination theory) related to ‘athlete engagement’. Finally along with Dr Lonsdale, I worked on a project with Dr Sue Jackson (University of Queensland) investigating the relationship between ‘athlete engagement’ and ‘flow’’ in sport. We have published a number of papers.

Sport and LifeSkill Development in NZ. In conjunction with Prof Steve Danish (Virginia Commonwealth University, USA) I have been involved in the development of a NZ version of the ‘GOAL LifeSkills Programme’ and a line of research investigating the effects of the GOAL Programme on psycho-social development. In addition, I was involved with Prof Danish in the design and development of a new lifeskills programme -- SUPER (Sports United for the Promotion of Education and Recreation). Prof Danish and I have published a number of papers and book chapters.

PE and LifeSkill Development in Japan. In conjunction with Prof Tamotsu Nishida (Nagoya University, Japan) I was involved as the ‘Foreign Cooperating Investigator’ in the development of a Japanese version of a ‘PE LifeSkills Programme’ and a line of research investigating the effects of the School PE LifeSkills Programme on psycho-social development for adolescent children in Japan.

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Publications

Hodge, K., Chow, G. M., Luzzeri, M., Scanlan, T., & Scanlan, L. (2023). Commitment in sport: Motivational climate, need satisfaction/thwarting and behavioural outcomes. Asian Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.ajsep.2023.03.004

Jackson, S. A., Eklund, R. C., Gordon, A., Norsworthy, C., Houge Mackenzie, S., Hodge, K., & Stephen, S. A. (2023). Flow and outdoor adventure recreation: Using flow measures to re-examine motives for participation. Psychology of Sport & Exercise. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102427

Houge Mackenzie, S., Hodge, K., & Filep, S. (2023). How does adventure sport tourism enhance well-being? A conceptual model. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(1), 3-16. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2021.1894043

Frühauf, A., Houge Mackenzie, S., Boudreau, P., Hodge, K., & Kopp, M. (2022). Multiple motives for adventure sport revisited: A multi-activity investigation. Leisure Sciences. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2022.2126910

Boudreau, P., Houge Mackenzie, S., & Hodge, K. (2022). Adventure-based mindsets helped maintain psychological well-being during COVID-19. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 62, 102245. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102245

Hodge, K. P., & McKenzie, A. D. (1999). Thinking Rugby: Training Your Mind for Peak Performance. Auckland, NZ: Reed Books, 236p.

Authored Book - Research

Hodge, K. P. (2000). Sports Thoughts: Inspiration and Motivation for Sport. Auckland: Reed Books, 87p.

Authored Book - Other

Dugdale, J., & Hodge, K. P. (1997). Psychological Skills Training: Practical Guidelines for Athletes, Coaches, & Officials. Wellington: Sport Science New Zealand, 45p.

Authored Book - Other

Hodge, K. P. (1997). GOAL Leader Manual (Going for Goal [GOAL]: A sport-based life skills programme for adolscents). 110p.

Authored Book - Other

Hodge, K. P. (1997). GOAL Studet Activity Book (Going for Goal [GOAL]: A sport-based life skills programme for adolescents). 76p.

Authored Book - Other

McKenzie, A. D., Hodge, K. P., & Sleivert, G. G. (Eds.). (2000). Smart Training for Rugby: A Complete Training Guide for Rugby Players and Coaches. Auckland: Reed, 247p.

Edited Book - Research

Hodge, K. P., Sleivert, G. G., & McKenzie, A. D. (Eds.). (1996). Smart Training for Peak Performance. Auckland: Reed Books, 176p.

Edited Book - Research

Hodge, K., Beauchamp, M., & Fletcher, D. (2019). Group and team dynamics. In A. Mugford & J. G. Cremades (Eds.), Sport, exercise, and performance psychology: Theories and applications. (pp. 342-363). Abingdon, UK: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780429438851

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. (2010). Working at the Olympics. In S. J. Hanrahan & M. B. Andersen (Eds.), Routledge handbook of applied sport psychology: A comprehensive guide for students and practitioners. (pp. 405-413). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K., & Hermansson, G. (2009). Psychological preparation of athletes for the Olympic context: Team culture and team-building. In R. Schinke (Ed.), Contemporary sport psychology. (pp. 55-70). New York: Nova Science.

Chapter in Book - Research

Theokas, C., Danish, S., Hodge, K., Heke, I., & Forneris, T. (2008). Enhancing life skills through sport for children and youth. In N. L. Holt (Ed.), Positive youth development through sport. (pp. 71-81). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. (2004). Team dynamics. In T. Morris & J. Summers (Eds.), Sport psychology: Theory, applications and issues. (2nd ed.) (pp. 210-233). Milton, Australia: John Wiley & Sons.

Chapter in Book - Research

Danish, S., Hodge, K. P., Heke, J. I. C., & Taylor, T. (2003). Promoting healthy development of youth through physical activity and sport. In T. Gullota & M. Bloom (Eds.), The American Enyclopedia of Primary Prevention. (pp. 1033-1040). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic / Plenum.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P., & McKenzie, A. D. (2002). Motivation and confidence. In B. Hale & D. Collins (Eds.), Rugby Tough. (pp. 35-59). Champaign, Ilinois: Human Kinetics.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P., McKenzie, A. D., & Hermansson, G. (2001). Chapter 7: Sport Psychology in New Zealand. In R. Lidor, T. Morris, N. Bardaxoglu & B. Becker (Eds.), World Sport Psychology Sourcebook. (Third ed.) (pp. 208-211). Morganstown, VA, USA: Fitness Information.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P., McKenzie, A. D., & Hermansson, G. (2001). Sport Psychology in New Zealand. In J. Salmela & T. Morris (Eds.), World Sport Psychology Sourcebook. (pp. 20-30). Morganstown, VA, USA: Fitness Information.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P. (2000). Mental toughness training for rugby. In NZRFU, Advanced Coaching Course Manual. Wellington: Rugby Football Union Coaching Publications.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P., & McKenzie, A. D. (2000). Goal setting. In A. McKenzie, K. Hodge & G. Sleivert (Eds.), Smart Training for Rugby: A Complete Training Guide for Rugby Players and Coaches. (pp. 24-36). Auckland: Reed.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P., & McKenzie, A. D. (2000). Peak performance profile. In A. McKenzie, K. Hodge & G. Sleivert (Eds.), Smart Training for Rugby: A Complete Rugby Training Guide. (pp. 13-23). Auckland: Reed.

Chapter in Book - Research

McKenzie, A. D., & Hodge, K. P. (2000). Mental toughness training. In A. McKenzie, K. Hodge & G. Sleivert (Eds.), Smart Training for Rugby: A Complete Rugby Training Guide for Rugby Players and Coaches. (pp. 94-131). Auckland: Reed.

Chapter in Book - Research

McKenzie, A. D., Hodge, K. P., & Sleivert, G. G. (2000). Introduction. In A. McKenzie, K. Hodge & G. Sleivert (Eds.), Smart Training for Rugby: A Complete Rugby Training Guide. (pp. 7-12). Auckland: Reed.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P., & Danish, S. (1999). Promoting life skills for adolescent males through sport. In A. Horne & M. Kiselica (Eds.), Handbook of counselling boys and adolescent males. (pp. 55-71). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Chapter in Book - Research

Hodge, K. P. (1995). Team dynamics. In T. Morris & J. Summers (Eds.), Sport Psychology: Theory, Applications and Issues. (pp. 190-212). Brisbane: John Wiley & Sons.

Chapter in Book - Research

Journal - Research Article

Boudreau, P., Houge Mackenzie, S., & Hodge, K. (2022). Optimal psychological states in advanced climbers: Antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of flow and clutch states. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 60, 102155. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102155

Journal - Research Article

Jenkins, M., Lee, C., Houge Mackenzie, S., Hargreaves, E. A., Hodge, K., & Calverley, J. (2022). Nature-based physical activity and hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing: The mediating roles of motivational quality and nature relatedness. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 783840. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.783840

Journal - Research Article

Hargreaves, E. A., Lee, C., Jenkins, M., Calverley, J. R., Hodge, K., & Houge Mackenzie, S. (2021). Changes in physical activity levels pre-, during and post-lockdown COVID-19 restrictions in New Zealand and the explanatory role of daily hassles. Frontiers in Psychology, 642954, 642954. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642954

Journal - Research Article

Jenkins, M., Houge Mackenzie, S., Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., Calverley, J. R., & Lee, C. (2021). Physical activity and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 lockdown: Relationships with motivational quality and nature contexts. Frontiers in Sports & Active Living, 3, 637576. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.637576

Journal - Research Article

Sharp, L.-A., Hodge, K., & Danish, S. (2021). "I wouldn't want to operate without it": The ethical challenges faced by experienced sport psychology consultant's and their engagement with supervision. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(3), 259-279. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2019.1646838

Journal - Research Article

Boudreau, P., Houge Mackenzie, S., & Hodge, K. (2020). Flow states in adventure recreation: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 46, 101611. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101611

Journal - Research Article

Calder, A. J., Hargreaves, E. A., & Hodge, K. (2020). Great expectations: A qualitative analysis of the factors that influence affective forecasts for exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 17(2), 551. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020551

Journal - Research Article

Houge Mackenzie, S., & Hodge, K. (2020). Adventure recreation and subjective well-being: A conceptual framework. Leisure Studies, 39(1), 26-40. doi: 10.1080/02614367.2019.1577478

Journal - Research Article

Jenkins, M., Hargreaves, E. A., & Hodge, K. (2020). Examining the relationships among cognitive acceptance, behavioral commitment, autonomous extrinsic motivation, and physical activity. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 42(3), 177-184. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2018-0276

Journal - Research Article

Jenkins, M., Hargreaves, E. A., & Hodge, K. (2019). The role of psychological flexibility in physical activity maintenance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 41, 185-193. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2018-0311

Journal - Research Article

Pierce, S., Hodge, K., Taylor, M., & Button, A. (2017). Tall poppy syndrome: Perceptions and experiences of elite New Zealand athletes. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15(4), 351-369. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2017.1280834

Journal - Research Article

Langan, E., Hodge, K., McGowan, S., Carney, S., Saunders, V., & Lonsdale, C. (2016). The influence of controlled motivation alongside autonomous motivation: Maladaptive, buffering, or additive effects? International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 14(1), 57-71. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2015.1016084

Journal - Research Article

Gucciardi, D. F., Jackson, B., Hodge, K., Anthony, D. R., & Brooke, L. E. (2015). Implicit theories of mental toughness: Relations with cognitive, motivational, and behavioral correlates. Sport, Exercise & Performance Psychology, 4(2), 100-112. doi: 10.1037/spy0000024

Journal - Research Article

Hodge, K., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2015). Antisocial and prosocial behavior in sport: The role of motivational climate, basic psychological needs, and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 37(3), 257-273. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2014-0225

Journal - Research Article

Sharp, L.-A., Hodge, K., & Danish, S. (2015). Ultimately it comes down to the relationship: Experienced consultants' views of effective sport psychology consulting. Sport Psychologist, 29(4), 358-370. doi: 10.1123/tsp.2014-0130

Journal - Research Article

Sheehy, T., & Hodge, K. (2015). Motivation and morality in Masters athletes: A self-determination theory perspective. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13(3), 273-285. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2014.956326

Journal - Research Article

Hodge, K., & Smith, W. (2014). Public expectation, pressure, and avoiding the choke: A case study from elite sport. Sport Psychologist, 28(4), 375-389. doi: 10.1123/tsp.2014-0005

Journal - Research Article

Hodge, K., Henry, G., & Smith, W. (2014). A case study of excellence in elite sport: Motivational climate in a world champion team. Sport Psychologist, 28, 60-74. doi: 10.1123/tsp.2013-0037

Journal - Research Article

Lonsdale, C., Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., & Ng, J. Y. Y. (2014). Comparing sport motivation scales: A response to Pelletier et al. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 15(5), 446-452. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.006

Journal - Research Article

Sharp, L.-A., & Hodge, K. (2014). Sport psychology consulting effectiveness: The athlete's perspective. International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 12(2), 91-105. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2013.804285

Journal - Research Article

Sharp, L.-A., Hodge, K., & Danish, S. (2014). Sport psychology consulting at elite sport competitions. Sport, Exercise & Performance Psychology, 3(2), 75-88. doi: 10.1037/spy0000011

Journal - Research Article

Croft, J. L., Button, C., Hodge, K., Lucas, S. J. E., Barwood, M. J., & Cotter, J. D. (2013). Responses to sudden cold-water immersion in inexperienced swimmers following training. Aviation, Space, & Environmental Medicine, 84(8), 850-855. doi: 10.3357/ASEM.3522.2013

Journal - Research Article

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