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Contact Details

Phone
64 3 479 5747
Email
paul.smith@otago.ac.nz
Position
Professor
Department
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Qualifications
BA(Hons) PhD GradDipApplStat MApplStat(Hons) DSc AStat (SSAI)
Research summary
Vestibular and Auditory Neuroscience
Teaching
  • Neuropharmacology, Neuroscience
  • Biostatistics

Research

Interests: vestibular and auditory systems; vestibular dysfunction and tinnitus; effects of vestibular damage on the hippocampus; applications of statistics to pharmacology; biostatistics in general.

My major research interest is in the vestibular and auditory systems and how damage to them can result in plastic changes in the brain. We study the effects of vestibular and auditory damage on the brainstem vestibular and cochlear nuclei, and also on other areas of the CNS such as the medial temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus and striatum.

Additional details

I am appointed to the HRC Standing Committee on Therapeutic Trials (SCOTT), the HRC Emerging Researcher First Grant Science Assessing CommitteeScientific Advisory Committee of the New Zealand Neurological Foundation, and to the Editorial Boards of the Journal of Vestibular Research, Frontiers in NeurologyNeuro-Otology (Associate Editor), Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers in Psychology, Auris Nasus Larynx and the Springer Encyclopedia of Neuroscience (Field Editor for Neuropharmacology).

I am an Accredited Statistician (AStat) with the Statistical Society of Australia Inc. (SSAI) and a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, UK. I am also a Principal Investigator with the Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence and with the Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland.

Publications

Tan, H. T., Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2024). Time-dependent effects of acoustic trauma and tinnitus on extracellular levels of amino acids in the inferior colliculus of rats. Hearing Research, 443, 108948. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108948

Smith, P. F. (2023). Interpreting the meaning of changes in hippocampal volume associated with vestibular loss. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 17, 1254972. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1254972

Singh, A., Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2023). Targeting the limbic system: Insights into its involvement in tinnitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, 9889. doi: 10.3390/ijms24129889

McLaren, R., Smith, P. F., Taylor, R. L., Niazi, I. K., & Taylor, D. (2023). Scoping out noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation: A review of the parameters used to improve postural control. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1156796. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1156796

Tashakori-Sabzevar, F., Vautrelle, N., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2023). Vestibular modulation of the tail of the rat striatum. Scientific Reports, 13, 4443. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31289-1

Smith, P. F. (2002). Cannabis on the Brain. Palmerston North: Dunmore Press, 228p.

Authored Book - Research

Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (1996). Clinical Psychopharmacology: A Primer. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 143p.

Authored Book - Research

He, J., Aa, J.-Y., Sun, J.-G., Smith, P. F., De Ridder, D., Wang, G.-J., & Zheng, Y. (2021). Metabolic changes in the brain and blood of rats following acoustic trauma, tinnitus and hyperacusis. In B. Langguth, T. Kleinjung, D. De Ridder, W. Schlee & S. Vanneste (Eds.), Tinnitus: An interdisciplinary approach towards individualized treatment: Towards understanding the complexity of tinnitus: Progress in brain research (Vol. 262). (pp. 399-430). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.002

Chapter in Book - Research

Searchfield, G. D., Zhang, J., Biswas, R., De Ridder, D., Deutsch, B., Hall, D. A., … Kleinstäuber, M., … Smith, P. F., … Zheng, Y. (2021). Emerging topics in the behavioral neuroscience of tinnitus. In G. D. Searchfield & J. Zhang (Eds.), The behavioral neuroscience of tinnitus: Current topics in behavioral neurosciences (Vol. 51). (pp. 461-484). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi: 10.1007/7854_2021_217

Chapter in Book - Research

Zheng, Y., McTavish, J., & Smith, P. F. (2021). Pharmacological evaluation of drugs in animal models of tinnitus. In G. D. Searchfield & J. Zhang (Eds.), The behavioral neuroscience of tinnitus: Current topics in behavioral neurosciences (Vol. 51). (pp. 51-82). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi: 10.1007/7854_2020_212

Chapter in Book - Research

Agrawal, Y., Smith, P. F., & Merfeld, D. M. (2020). Dizziness, imbalance and age-related vestibular loss. In J. Stein (Ed.), Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.23818-2

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F. (2019). Vestibular compensation as a distributed process. In J. P. Stein (Ed.), Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.23820-0

Chapter in Book - Research

Vidal, P. P., Cullen, K., Curthoys, I. S., Du Lac, S., Holstein, G., Idoux, E., … Smith, P. (2015). The vestibular system. In G. Paxinos (Ed.), The rat nervous system. (4th ed.) (pp. 805-864). London, UK: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374245-2.00028-0

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F. (2011). The endocannabinoid system in the cochlear nucleus and its implications for tinnitus treatment. In A. R. Møller, B. Langguth, D. De Ridder & T. Kleinjung (Eds.), Textbook of tinnitus. (pp. 639-647). New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_79

Chapter in Book - Research

Darlington, C. L., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2009). Herbal medicinal products for tinnitus: Perspectives and evaluation. In P. Houghton & P. K. Mukherjee (Eds.), Evaluation of herbal medicinal products. (pp. 314-321). London: Pharmaceutical Press.

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F., Darlington, C. L., & Zheng, Y. (2009). Cognitive deficits following complete bilateral loss of vestibular function and their relationship to the hippocampus. In A. Lindqvist & G. Nyman (Eds.), Dizziness: Vertigo, disequilibrium and lightheadedness. New York: Nova Science.

Chapter in Book - Research

Ashton, J. C., & Smith, P. F. (2007). Bcl-2 and mitochondrial control of apoptosis as a mechanism for regulating neural plasticity. In L. B. Shultz (Ed.), Cell Apoptosis: Regulation and Environmental Factors. (pp. 1-23). New York: Nova Science.

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F., Zheng, Y., Goddard, M., & Darlington, C. L. (2007). Cognitive impairment due to inner ear damage. In H. C. Sentowski (Ed.), Cognitive Disorders Research Trends. (pp. 231-243). New York: Nova Science.

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F. (2005). Cannabis and cannabinoids for the symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. In F. Columbus (Ed.), Treatment and management of multiple sclerosis. (pp. 155-167). New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F. (2005). Medicinal use of cannabis: Implications for lung cancer. In R. L. Carafaro (Ed.), Focus on lung cancer research. (pp. 193-209). New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (2000). The contributions of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters to vestibular plasticity. In A. J. Beitz & J. H. Anderson (Eds.), Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System. (pp. 381-401). New York: CRC Press.

Chapter in Book - Research

Darlington, C. L., Smith, P. F., & Maclennan, K. M. (1999). The neuroprotective properties of ginkgo extracts. In T. A. Van Beek (Ed.), Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Industrial Profiles: Ginkgo Biloba. (pp. 331-344). Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.

Chapter in Book - Research

Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (1998). Neural mechanisms of psychiatric disturbances in patients with epilepsy. In H. McDonnell & P. Snyder (Eds.), Psychiatric co-morbidity in epilepsy: Basic mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. (pp. 15-35). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Chapter in Book - Research

Darlington, C. L., Smith, P. F., & Maclennan, K. M. (1997). Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on recovery from peripheral vestibular deafferentation (vestibular compensation). In V. Papadopoulos, K. Drieu & Y. Christen (Eds.), Advances in Ginkgo biloba Research, Vol. 6. (pp. 47-58). Paris: Elsevier.

Chapter in Book - Research

Darlington, C., & Smith, P. (1996). What neurotransmitters are important in the vestibular system? In R. Baloh & G. M. Halmagyi (Eds.), Disorders of the Vestibular System. (pp. 140-144). New York: Oxford University Press.

Chapter in Book - Research

Tan, H. T., Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2024). Time-dependent effects of acoustic trauma and tinnitus on extracellular levels of amino acids in the inferior colliculus of rats. Hearing Research, 443, 108948. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108948

Journal - Research Article

Tashakori-Sabzevar, F., Vautrelle, N., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2023). Vestibular modulation of the tail of the rat striatum. Scientific Reports, 13, 4443. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31289-1

Journal - Research Article

McLaren, R., Smith, P. F., Taylor, R. L., Ravindran, S., Rashid, U., & Taylor, D. (2022). Efficacy of nGVS to improve postural stability in people with bilateral vestibulopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 1010239. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1010239

Journal - Research Article

Rana, Z., Rosengren, R., & Smith, P. (2022). Exploring the mechanism and suggesting combination therapies for HDAC inhibitors in androgen receptor-null prostate cancer using multivariate statistical analysis and data mining techniques. Bioinformatics & Biology Insights. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/11779322221145428

Journal - Research Article

Hitier, M., Zhang, Y.-F., Sato, G., Besnard, S., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2021). Stratification of hippocampal electrophysiological activation evoked by selective electrical stimulation of different angular and linear acceleration sensors in the rat peripheral vestibular system. Hearing Research, 403, 108173. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108173

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2021). Applications of multivariate statistical and data Mining analyses to the search for biomarkers of sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular dysfunction. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 627294. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627294

Journal - Research Article

Jacob, A., Tward, D. J., Resnick, S., Smith, P. F., Lopez, C., Rebello, E., … Agrawal, Y. (2020). Vestibular function and cortical and sub-cortical alterations in an aging population. Heliyon, 6(8), e04728. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04728

Journal - Research Article

Kumari, N., Taylor, D., Rashid, U., Vandal, A. C., Smith, P. F., & Signal, N. (2020). Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation for learning a novel split-belt treadmill task: a randomised controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 11853. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68825-2

Journal - Research Article

Logerot, P., Smith, P. F., Wild, M., & Kubke, M. F. (2020). Auditory processing in the zebra finch midbrain: Single unit responses and effect of rearing experience. PeerJ, 8, e9363. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9363

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2020). Why dizziness is likely to increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in elderly adults. New Zealand Medical Journal, 133(1522), 112-127. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2020). Why the cerebellar shutdown/clampdown hypothesis of vestibular compensation is inconsistent with neurophysiological evidence. Journal of Vestibular Research, 30(5), 295-303. doi: 10.3233/ves-200715

Journal - Research Article

Le Gall, A., Hilber, P., Chesneau, C., Bulla, J., Toulouse, J., Machado, M. L., … Smith, P. F., & Besnard, S. (2019). The critical role of vestibular graviception during cognitivo-motor development. Behavioural Brain Research, 372, 112040. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112040

Journal - Research Article

Machado, M. L., Lefèvre, N., Philoxene, B., Le Gall, A., Madeleine, S., Fleury, P., Smith, P. F., & Besnard, S. (2019). New software dedicated to virtual mazes for human neurocognitive investigations. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 327, 108388. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108388

Journal - Research Article

Martey, O. N. K., Greish, K., Smith, P. F., & Rosengren, R. J. (2019). A multivariate statistical analysis of the effects of styrene maleic acid encapsulated RL71 in a xenograft model of triple negative breast cancer. Journal of Biological Methods, 6(4). doi: 10.14440/jbm.2019.306

Journal - Research Article

Truchet, B., Benoit, A., Chaillan, F., Smith, P. F., Philoxene, B., Guillamin, M., … Besnard, S. (2019). Hippocampal LTP modulation and glutamatergic receptors following vestibular loss. Brain Structure & Function, 224, 699-711. doi: 10.1007/s00429-018-1792-0

Journal - Research Article

Aitken, P., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2018). The modulation of hippocampal theta rhythm by the vestibular system. Journal of Neurophysiology, 119(2), 548-562. doi: 10.1152/jn.00548.2017

Journal - Research Article

Benoit, A., Besnard, S., Guillamin, M., Philoxene, B., Sola, B., Le Gall, A., … Smith, P. F. (2018). Differential regulation of NMDA receptor-expressing neurons in the rat hippocampus and striatum following bilateral vestibular loss demonstrated using flow cytometry. Neuroscience Letters, 683, 43-47. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.035

Journal - Research Article

Benoit, A., Guillamin, M., Aitken, P., Smith, P. F., Sola, B., Poulain, L., … Besnard, S. (2018). Flow cytometry for receptor analysis from ex-vivo brain tissue in adult rat. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 304, 11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.04.005

Journal - Research Article

Hitier, M., Sato, G., Zhang, Y.-F., Besnard, S., & Smith, P. F. (2018). Effects of electrical stimulation of the rat vestibular labyrinth on c-Fos expression in the hippocampus. Neuroscience Letters, 677, 60-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.041

Journal - Research Article

Hitier, M., Sato, G., Zhang, Y.-F., Zheng, Y., Besnard, S., & Smith, P. F. (2018). Vestibular-related eye movements in the rat following selective electrical stimulation of the vestibular sensors. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 204, 835-847. doi: 10.1007/s00359-018-1286-9

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2018). Vestibular functions and Parkinson’s Disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 1085. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01085

Journal - Research Article

Stiles, L., Reynolds, J. N., Napper, R., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2018). Single neuron activity and c-Fos expression in the rat striatum following electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system. Physiological Reports, 6(13), e13791. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13791

Journal - Research Article

Stiles, L., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2018). The effects of electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system on neurochemical release in the rat striatum. PLoS ONE, 13(10), e0205869. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205869

Journal - Research Article

Abouzayd, M., Smith, P. F., Moreau, S., & Hitier, M. (2017). What vestibular tests to choose in symptomatic patients after a cochlear implant? A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 274(1), 53-63. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4007-4

Journal - Research Article

Aitken, P., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2017). Effects of bilateral vestibular deafferentation in rat on hippocampal theta response to somatosensory stimulation, acetylcholine release, and cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Brain Structure & Function, 222(7), 3319-3332. doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1407-1

Journal - Research Article

Aitken, P., Zheng, Y., & Smith, P. F. (2017). Ethovision™ analysis of open field behaviour in rats following bilateral vestibular loss. Journal of Vestibular Research, 27, 89-101. doi: 10.3233/VES-170612

Journal - Research Article

He, J., Zhu, Y., Aa, J., Smith, P. F., De Ridder, D., Wang, G., & Zheng, Y. (2017). Brain metabolic changes in rats following acoustic trauma. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 148. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00148

Journal - Research Article

Liu, P., Gupta, N., Jing, Y., Collie, N. D., Zhang, H., & Smith, P. F. (2017). Further studies of the effects of aging on arginine metabolites in the rat vestibular nucleus and cerebellum. Neuroscience, 348, 273-287. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.033

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2017). Bionic balance organs: Progress in the development of vestibular prostheses. New Zealand Medical Journal, 130(1461), 56-65. Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2017). Is hippocampal neurogenesis modulated by the sensation of self-motion encoded by the vestibular system? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 83, 489-495. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.013

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2017). The vestibular system and cognition. Current Opinion in Neurology, 30(1), 84-89. doi: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000403

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Gliddon, C. M., Aitken, P., Stiles, L., Machado, M.-L., Philoxene, B., … Smith, P. F., & Besnard, S. (2017). Effects of acute altered gravity during parabolic flight and/or vestibular loss on cell proliferation in the rat dentate gyrus. Neuroscience Letters, 654, 120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.06.033

Journal - Research Article

Aitken, P., Benoit, A., Zheng, Y., Philoxene, B., Le Gall, A., Denise, P., … Smith, P. F. (2016). Hippocampal and striatal M1-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are down-regulated following bilateral vestibular loss in rats. Hippocampus, 26(12), 1509-1514. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22651

Journal - Research Article

Balabhadrapatruni, S., Zheng, Y., Napper, R., & Smith, P. F. (2016). Basal dendritic length is reduced in the rat hippocampus following bilateral vestibular deafferentation. Neurobiology of Learning & Memory, 131, 56-60. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.03.009

Journal - Research Article

Hitier, M., Sato, G., Zhang, Y.-f., Zheng, Y., Besnard, S., Smith, P. F., & Curthoys, I. S. (2016). Anatomy and surgical approach of rat’s vestibular sensors and nerves. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 270, 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.05.013

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2016). Age-related neurochemical changes in the vestibular nuclei. Frontiers in Neurology, 7, 20. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00020

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2016). Cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors and tinnitus. Hearing Research, 332, 210-216. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.014

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., Renner, R. M., & Haslett, S. J. (2016). Compositional data in neuroscience: If you've got it, log it! Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 271, 154-159. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.07.008

Journal - Research Article

Tranter-Entwistle, I., Dawes, P., Darlington, C. L., Smith, P. F., & Cutfield, N. (2016). Video head impulse in comparison to caloric testing in unilateral vestibular schwannoma. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 136(11), 1110-1114. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1185540

Journal - Research Article

Stiles, L., & Smith, P. F. (2015). The vestibular-basal ganglia connection: Balancing motor control. Brain Research, 1597, 180-188. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.063

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Dixon, S., McPherson, K., & Smith, P. F. (2015). Glutamic acid decarboxylase levels in the cochlear nucleus of rats with acoustic trauma-induced chronic tinnitus. Neuroscience Letters, 586, 60-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.11.047

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., McPherson, K., Reid, P., & Smith, P. F. (2015). The anti-inflammatory selective melanocortin receptor subtype 4 agonist, RO27-3225, fails to prevent acoustic trauma-induced tinnitus in rats. European Journal of Pharmacology, 761, 206-210. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.007

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Reid, P., & Smith, P. F. (2015). Cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists do not decrease, but may increase, acoustic trauma-induced tinnitus in rats. Frontiers in Neurology, 6, 60. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00060

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Smithies, H., Aitken, P., Gliddon, C., Stiles, L., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2015). Cell proliferation in the cochlear nucleus following acoustic trauma in rat. Neuroscience, 303, 524-534. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.033

Journal - Research Article

Hitier, M., Besnard, S., & Smith, P. F. (2014). Vestibular pathways involved in cognition. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 8, 59. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00059

Journal - Research Article

Rivers-Auty, J. R., Smith, P. F., & Ashton, J. C. (2014). The cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist GW405833 does not ameliorate brain damage induced by hypoxia-ischemia in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 569, 104-109. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.077

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2014). Cannabis, cannabinoids and tinnitus. Journal of Pharmacology & Drug Metabolism, 1, 1-6. Retrieved from http://www.jscholaronline.org/journals/journal-of-pharmacology-and-drug-metabolism/jhome.php

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., Darlington, C. L., & Zheng, Y. (2014). The effects of complete vestibular deafferentation on spatial memory and the hippocampus in rat: The Dunedin experience. Multisensory Research, 28(5-6), 461-485. doi: 10.1163/22134808-00002469

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Geddes, L., Sato, G., Stiles, L., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2014). Galvanic vestibular stimulation impairs cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the rat hippocampus but not spatial memory. Hippocampus, 24(5), 541-552. doi: 10.1002/hipo.22247

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., McPherson, K., & Smith, P. F. (2014). Effects of early and late treatment with L-baclofen on the development and maintenance of tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma in rats. Neuroscience, 258, 410-421. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.032

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Stiles, L., Chien, Y.-T., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2014). The effects of acute stress-induced sleep disturbance on acoustic trauma-induced tinnitus in rats. BioMed Research International, 2014, 724195. doi: 10.1155/2014/724195

Journal - Research Article

Baek, J.-H., Darlington, C. L., Smith, P. F., & Ashton, J. C. (2013). Antibody testing for brain immunohistochemistry: Brain immunolabeling for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 216(2), 87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.03.021

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2013). From ear to uncertainty: Vestibular contributions to cognitive function. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 84. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00084

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y. (2013). Principal component analysis suggests subtle changes in glutamate receptor subunit expression in the rat hippocampus following bilateral vestibular deafferentation. Neuroscience Letters, 548, 265-268. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.05.036

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., Ganesh, S., & Liu, P. (2013). A comparison of random forest regression and multiple linear regression for prediction in neuroscience. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 220(1). doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.08.024

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., Haslett, S., & Zheng, Y. (2013). A multivariate statistical and data mining analysis of spatial memory–related behaviour following bilateral vestibular loss in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 246, 15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.033

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Wilson, G., Stiles, L., & Smith, P. F. (2013). Glutamate receptor subunit and calmodulin kinase II expression, with and without T maze training, in the rat hippocampus following bilateral vestibular deafferentation. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e54527. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054527

Journal - Research Article

Neo, P., Carter, D., Zheng, Y., Smith, P., Darlington, C., & McNaughton, N. (2012). Septal elicitation of hippocampal theta rhythm did not repair cognitive and emotional deficits resulting from vestibular lesions. Hippocampus, 22(5), 1176-1187. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20963

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2012). Dyscalculia and vestibular function. Medical Hypotheses, 79(4), 493-496. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.06.032

Journal - Research Article

Stiles, L., Zheng, Y., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2012). The D2 dopamine receptor and locomotor hyperactivity following bilateral vestibular deafferentation in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research, 227(1), 150-158. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.006

Journal - Research Article

Stiles, L., Zheng, Y., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2012). The effects of the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, eticlopride, on attention following bilateral vestibular deafferentation in the rat. Neuroscience Letters, 506(2), 193-197. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.11.003

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Balabhadrapatruni, S., Baek, J. H., Chung, P., Gliddon, C., Zhang, M., Darlington, C. L., Napper, R., … Smith, P. F. (2012). The effects of bilateral vestibular loss on hippocampal volume, neuronal number, and cell proliferation in rats. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 20. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00020

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Cheung, I., & Smith, P. F. (2012). Performance in anxiety and spatial memory tests following bilateral vestibular loss in the rat and effects of anxiolytic and anxiogenic drugs. Behavioural Brain Research, 235(1), 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.07.025

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., McNamara, E., Stiles, L., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2012). Evidence that memantine reduces chronic tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma in rats. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 127. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00127

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Vagal, S., McNamara, E., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2012). A dose–response analysis of the effects of L-baclofen on chronic tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma in rats. Neuropharmacology, 62, 940-946. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.09.027

Journal - Research Article

Baek, J. H., Zheng, Y., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2011). Cannabinoid CB1 receptor expression and affinity in the rat hippocampus following bilateral vestibular deafferentation. Neuroscience Letters, 487(3), 330-334. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.10.050

Journal - Research Article

Hüfner, K., Strupp, M., Smith, P., Brandt, T., & Jahn, K. (2011). Spatial separation of visual and vestibular processing in the human hippocampal formation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1233, 177-186. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06115.x

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Balabhadrapatruni, S., Masumura, C., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2011). Effects of the putative cognitive-enhancing ampakine, CX717, on attention and object recognition memory. Current Alzheimer Research, 8(8), 876-882. doi: 10.2174/156720511798192709

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Begum, S., Zhang, C., Fleming, K., Masumura, C., Zhang, M., Smith, P., & Darlington, C. (2011). Increased BrdU incorporation reflecting DNA repair, neuronal de-differentiation or possible neurogenesis in the adult cochlear nucleus following bilateral cochlear lesions in the rat. Experimental Brain Research, 210(3-4), 477-487. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2491-0

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Hamilton, E., Begum, S., Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (2011). The effects of acoustic trauma that can cause tinnitus on spatial performance in rats. Neuroscience, 186, 48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.052

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Hamilton, E., McNamara, E., Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (2011). The effects of chronic tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma on social behaviour and anxiety in rats. Neuroscience, 193, 143-153. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.026

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Hamilton, E., Stiles, L., McNamara, E., de Waele, C., Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (2011). Acoustic trauma that can cause tinnitus impairs impulsive control but not performance accuracy in the 5-choice serial reaction time task in rats. Neuroscience, 180, 75-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.040

Journal - Research Article

Baek, J. H., Zheng, Y., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2010). Evidence that spatial memory deficits following bilateral vestibular deafferentation in rats are probably permanent. Neurobiology of Learning & Memory, 94(3), 402-413. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.08.007

Journal - Research Article

Goddard, M., Smith, P. F., & Ashton, J. C. (2010). Behavioural effects of co-administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol with fluoxetine in rats. Pharmacology, 86(2), 125-128. doi: 10.1159/000317059

Journal - Research Article

Liu, P., Zhang, H., Devaraj, R., Ganesalingam, G., & Smith, P. F. (2010). A multivariate analysis of the effects of aging on glutamate, GABA and arginine metabolites in the rat vestibular nucleus. Hearing Research, 269(1-2), 122-133. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.06.019

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F. (2010). New approaches in the management of spasticity in multiple sclerosis patients: Role of cannabinoids. Therapeutics & Clinical Risk Management, 6, 59-63.

Journal - Research Article

Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (2010). A possible explanation for dizziness following SSRI discontinuation. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 130, 981-983. doi: 10.3109/00016481003602082

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Mason-Parker, S. E., Logan, B., Darlington, C. L., Smith, P. F., & Abraham, W. C. (2010). Hippocampal synaptic transmission and LTP in vivo are intact following bilateral vestibular deafferentation in the rat. Hippocampus, 20(4), 461-468. doi: 10.1002/hipo.20645

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Masumura, C., Chung, P., Darlington, C. L., & Smith, P. F. (2010). Cell proliferation and survival in the vestibular nucleus following bilateral vestibular deafferentation in the adult rat. Neuroscience Letters, 468(1), 85-88. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.070

Journal - Research Article

Zheng, Y., Stiles, L., Hamilton, E., Smith, P. F., & Darlington, C. L. (2010). The effects of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, WIN55,212-2 and CP55,940, on salicylate-induced tinnitus in rats. Hearing Research, 268(1-2), 145-150. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.05.015

Journal - Research Article

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