2023–present, Associate Professor, University of Otago
2017–2023, Senior Lecturer, University of Otago
2015–2016, Lecturer, University of New England, Australia
2013–2016, Visiting Lecturer and Biogeochemical Sensor Developer, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Australia
2011–2013, Assistant Professor of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Clark University, USA
2006–2010, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Otago
2005–2006, Postdoctoral Fellow, Dublin City University
1999–2004, PhD (Analytical Chemistry) and MSc, University of Washington, USA
1999–BSc (Chemistry), University of Alaska, USA
Research interests
With broad interests in analytical and marine chemistry, my research revolves around the design of field-deployable instrumentation for marine ecosystems.
Christina is also a member of the Coastal People: Southern Skies collaboration that connects communities with world-leading, cross-discipline research to rebuild coastal ecosystems.
The effect of anthropogenic CO2 on our marine ecosystems
Since the industrial revolution, the oceans have absorbed about 1/3 of the anthropogenic CO2 released into the atmosphere. This decreases both seawater pH and carbonate concentration, significantly altering the chemistry of the world's oceans. Our group is developing new laboratory instruments and field-deployable sensors to measure fine-scale changes in carbonate chemistry and to study the impact of global climate change on the world's oceans.
Deployable environmental sensors
To understand fine-scale spatial and temporal changes, solid-contact fabrication techniques have been used to produce a range of low-cost, disposable ion-selective sensors, including carbonate, pH, lead, cadmium, nitrate, and reference electrodes.
Materials and methods for ion-selective electrodes
New methods for ion-selective electrode (ISE) construction are being used to reduce ion fluxes across the sensor's membrane, leading to 100-to-1000-fold improvements in detection limit. This work is complemented by new Bayesian models of the sensor's response, which further improves the accuracy and precision of the measurement.
Publications
Chen, W.-H., Armstrong, E., Dillingham, P. W., Moratti, S. C., Ennis, C., & McGraw, C. M. (2023). Dual-lifetime referencing (t-DLR) optical fiber fluorescent pH sensor for microenvironments. Sensors, 23, 8865. doi: 10.3390/s23218865
Journal - Research Article
Koren, K., & McGraw, C. M. (2023). Let's talk about slime: Or why biofouling needs more attention in sensor science. ACS Sensors. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00961
Journal - Research Other
Koren, K., Steininger, F., & McGraw, C. M. (2023). Reducing biofouling on optical oxygen sensors: A simple modification enabling sensor cleaning via water splitting [Technical Note]. Analytical Methods. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1039/d3ay00376k
Journal - Research Other
McGraw, C. M., Krieger, E. C., del Carmen Bravo Senmache, N., Cornwall, C. E., & Dupont, S. (2023). Developing a multiple driver research strategy using multiple environmental driver design lab for experiments. Limnology & Oceanography Bulletin, 32(1), 37-38. doi: 10.1002/lob.10555
Journal - Research Other
McGraw, C. M., Krieger, E. C., del Carmen Bravo Senmache, N., Cornwall, C. E., & Dupont, S. (2023). Developing a multiple driver research strategy using Multiple Environmental Driver Design Lab for Experiments [Meeting highlights]. Limnology & Oceanography Bulletin, 32(1), 37-38. doi: 10.1002/lob.10535
Journal - Research Other
Hong, C. Y., Fletcher, D., Zeng, J., McGraw, C. M., Cornwall, C. E., Cummings, V. J., … Dillingham, P. W. (2023). Efficient analysis of split-plot experimental designs using model averaging. Journal of Quality Technology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/00224065.2022.2147108
Journal - Research Article
Dixon-Anderson, I. S., McGraw, C. M., & Smith, A. M. (2022). Variable [Mg2+] in seawater forces mineralogy change in Spirobranchus cariniferus calcification. Marine Chemistry, 242, 104111. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2022.104111
Journal - Research Article
Britton, D., Schmid, M., Mundy, C., Noisette, F., Havenhand, J., Paine, E., McGraw, C., … Hurd, C. (2021). Contrasting responses of two keystone seaweeds to ocean global change in southeastern Australia. Phycologia, 60(Suppl. 1), (pp. 101). doi: 10.1080/00318884.2021.1922050
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Muetzel, L. K., Dillon, W. D. N., Currie, K., & McGraw, C. M. (2021). NZOA monitoring program unaffected by [Ca2+]-salinity variability. Proceedings of the 14th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference: Ocean Acidification in a Decade of Ocean Science. (pp. 26). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz/conferences
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Cowley, G. T., McGraw, C. M., & Hoffmann, L. J. (2021). Environmental science in civic society and policy: Outreach for a better world today. Proceedings of the 14th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference: Ocean Acidification in a Decade of Ocean Science. (pp. 25). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz/conferences
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Christensen, T. J. E., Zitoun, R., Hoffmann, L. J., Dillon, W. D. N., Dillingham, P. W., & McGraw, C. M. (2021). Redefining Ksp for calcite and aragonite with lower uncertainty in artificial seawater. Proceedings of the 14th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference: Ocean Acidification in a Decade of Ocean Science. (pp. 24). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz/conferences
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Chen, W.-H., Dillon, W. D. N., Armstrong, E. A., Moratti, S. C., & McGraw, C. M. (2021). Optical fiber pH sensor for marine microenvironments. Proceedings of the 14th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference: Ocean Acidification in a Decade of Ocean Science. (pp. 23). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz/conferences
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dillingham, P. W., Hong, C. Y., Cornwall, C. E., Fletcher, D., McGraw, C. M., & Zeng, J. (2021). Multi-driver experiments with different scales of replication. Proceedings of the 14th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference: Ocean Acidification in a Decade of Ocean Science. (pp. 13). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz/conferences
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dupont, S., Cornwall, C., & McGraw, C. (2021). Do you (really) know your multiple stressors? Proceedings of the 14th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference: Ocean Acidification in a Decade of Ocean Science. (pp. 11). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz/conferences
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dillon, W. D. N., Dillingham, P. W., Currie, K. I., & McGraw, C. M. (2021). The calcium-salinity relationship: An underappreciated detail in coastal ocean acidification monitoring and data quality. Proceedings of the 14th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference: Ocean Acidification in a Decade of Ocean Science. (pp. 9). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz/conferences
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Chen, W.-H., Dillon, W. D. N., Armstrong, E. A., Moratti, S. C., & McGraw, C. M. (2021). Self-referencing optical fiber pH sensor for marine microenvironments. Talanta, 225, 121969. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121969
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C. (2020, February). Aligning multiple driver research through MEDDLE (Multiple Environmental Driver Design Lab for Experiments). Verbal presentation at the 13th Annual New Zealand Ocean Acidification Conference, Wellington, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Dillon, W. D. N., Dillingham, P. W., Currie, K. I., & McGraw, C. M. (2020). Inclusion of uncertainty in the calcium-salinity relationship improves estimates of ocean acidification monitoring data quality. Marine Chemistry, 226, 103872. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103872
Journal - Research Article
Alsaedi, B. S. O., McGraw, C. M., Schaerf, T. M., & Dillingham, P. W. (2020). Multivariate limit of detection for non-linear sensor arrays. Chemometrics & Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 201, 104016. doi: 10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.104016
Journal - Research Article
Ellwood, M. J., Boyd, P. W., Cornwall, C. E., Croot, P., Currie, K. I., Frew, R. D., … Law, C., … McGraw, C. M., … Stirling, C., & Zitoun, R. (2020). Keith Hunter's legacy to marine science in New Zealand. Marine & Freshwater Research, 71(3), i-iii. doi: 10.1071/MFv71n3_ED
Journal - Research Article
Britton, D., Schmid, M., Noisette, F., Havenhand, J. N., Paine, E. R., McGraw, C. M., … Hurd, C. L. (2020). Adjustments in fatty acid composition is a mechanism that can explain resilience to marine heatwaves and future ocean conditions in the habitat-forming seaweed Phyllospora comosa (Labillardiere) C.Agardh. Global Change Biology, 26, 3512-3524. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15052
Journal - Research Article
Dillingham, P. W., Alsaedi, B. S. O., Granados-Focil, S., Radu, A., & McGraw, C. M. (2020). Establishing meaningful limits of detection for ion-selective electrodes and other nonlinear sensors. ACS Sensors, 5, 250-257. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02133
Journal - Research Article
Hurd, C. L., Beardall, J., Comeau, S., Cornwall, C. E., Havenhand, J. N., Munday, P. L., … McGraw, C. M. (2020). Ocean acidification as a multiple driver: How interactions between changing seawater carbonate parameters affect marine life. Marine & Freshwater Research, 71, 263-274. doi: 10.1071/MF19267
Journal - Research Other
Seah, N., Law, C., & McGraw, C. (2019). Combatting the effects of ocean acidification on farmed molluscs. Proceedings of the 12th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 51). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Meyers, M., McGraw, C., Décima, M., & Hoffmann, L. (2019). Design and employment of a new portable CO2 system for ocean acidification experiments. Proceedings of the 12th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 50). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Hashemi, S., Seah, N., Chen, D. W. H., Hermansson, A. L., Dillon, W., Currie, K., & McGraw, C. (2019). Refining low-cost carbonate ion selective electrodes for 2D profiling. Proceedings of the 12th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 49). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Chen, D. W. H., & McGraw, C. (2019). Fibre optic pH microsensor for studying the impact of ocean acidification on the marine environment. Proceedings of the 12th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 48). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Lunde Hermansson, A., Dillon, W., Smith, A. M., Dillingham, P., & McGraw, C. (2019). Solubility of natural carbonate samples. Proceedings of the 12th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 43). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dillon, W. D. N., Law, C. S., & McGraw, C. M. (2019). A deployable saturation state sensor towards global ocean monitoring. Proceedings of the 12th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 29). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Law, C., Gall, M., Barr, N., McGraw, C., Dillon, W., Bianchi, M., … Farrington, G. (2019). Mitigating low pH for the mussel aquaculture industry. Proceedings of the 12th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 26). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Boyd, P. W., Collins, S., Dupont, S., Fabricius, K., Gattuso, J.-P., Havenhand, J., … McGraw, C. M., … Dillingham, P., … Pörtner, H.-O. (2019). SCOR WG149 handbook to support the SCOR best practice guide for multiple drivers marine research. Hobart, Australia: University of Tasmania for Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). 42p. doi: 10.25959/5c92fdf0d3c7a
Other Research Output
Dillingham, P. W., Alsaedi, B. S. O., Radu, A., & McGraw, C. M. (2019). Semi-automated data analysis for ion-selective electrodes and arrays using the R package ISEtools. Sensors, 19(4544). doi: 10.3390/s19204544
Journal - Research Article
Britton, D., Mundy, C. N., McGraw, C. M., Revill, A. T., & Hurd, C. L. (2019). Responses of seaweeds that use CO2 as their sole inorganic carbon source to ocean acidification: Differential effects of fluctuating pH but little benefit of CO2 enrichment. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 76(6), 1860-1870. doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz070
Journal - Research Article
van der Loos, L. M., Schmid, M., Leal, P. P., McGraw, C. M., Britton, D., Revill, A. T., … Hurd, C. L. (2019). Responses of macroalgae to CO2 enrichment cannot be inferred solely from their inorganic carbon uptake strategy. Ecology & Evolution, 9(1), 125-140. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4679
Journal - Research Article
Dillingham, P., McGraw, C., Radu, A., & Alsaedi, B. (2018). ISEtools: Tools for Ion Selective Electrodes [Computer Software]. Duendin, New Zealand: University of Otago. Retrieved from http://www.maths.otago.ac.nz/~dillingh/software.html
Software
McGraw, C. M., Havenhand, J. N., Fabricius, K. E., Dillingham, P. W., Hurd, C. L., & Boyd, P. W. (2018). Changing Ocean Biological Systems (COBS): How will biota respond to a changing ocean? Proceedings of the 11th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 18). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Boyd, P. W., Collins, S., Dupont, S., Fabricius, K., Gattuso, J.-P., Havenhand, J., … McGraw, C. M., … Pörtner, H.-O. (2018). Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change: A review. Global Change Biology, 24(6), 2239-2261. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14102
Journal - Research Other
Dillon, W., Dillingham, P., Law, C., & McGraw, C. (2018). Development of an optical fibre based omega probe for calcium carbonate. Proceedings of the 11th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 10). Retrieved from http://nzoac.nz
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Law, C., Barr, N., Stevens, C., Plew, D., Cummings, V., Hunter, K., Murdoch, J., & McGraw, C. (2017). A feasibility study of coastal acidification mitigation strategies for the mussel industry. Proceedings of the National Science Challenge Conference: Sustainable Seas. [Abstract]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dillingham, P. W., Alsaedi, B. S. O., & McGraw, C. M. (2017). Characterising uncertainty in instrumental limits of detection when sensor response is non-linear. Proceedings of the IEEE Sensors Conference. (pp. 94-96). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/ICSENS.2017.8233898
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Reidenbach, L. B., Fernandez, P. A., Leal, P. P., Noisette, F., McGraw, C. M., Revill, A. T., Hurd, C. L., & Kübler, J. E. (2017). Growth, ammonium metabolism, and photosynthetic properties of Ulva australis (Chlorophyta) under decreasing pH and ammonium enrichment. PLoS ONE, 12(11), e0188389. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188389
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C. M., Dillon, W. D. N., Doyle, H. L., Dillingham, P. W., Lye, P. G., Boyd, P. W., & Hurd, C. L. (2017). A multi-sensor system to monitor marine variability associated with global climate change. Proceedings of the 10th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 23). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oceanacidification/news/index.html
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dillingham, P. W., Boyd, P. W., Hurd, C. L., Cornwall, C. E., & McGraw, C. M. (2017). The collapsed factorial: A small-factor experimental design for multi-stressor ocean acidification experiments. Proceedings of the 10th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 15). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oceanacidification/news/index.html
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
McGraw, C. M., Dillon, W. D. N., Doyle, H. L., Dillingham, P. W., Lye, P. G., Boyd, P. W., & Hurd, C. L. (2016). A multi-sensor system for the direct measurement of Ω, pH, and carbonate. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World. Retrieved from http://www.highco2-iv.org/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dillingham, P. W., Boyd, P. W., Hurd, C. L., Cornwall, C. E., & McGraw, C. M. (2016). Beyond ANOVA: Design and analysis of multi-stressor experiments. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World. Retrieved from http://www.highco2-iv.org/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Boyd, P., Nunn, B. L., Timmins-Schiffman, E., Hurd, C. L., Armstrong, E., Dillingham, P., & McGraw, C. M. (2016). Physiological diagnosis of a Southern Ocean Diatom's responses to future complex ocean systems. Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting. AH51A-06. Retrieved from https://agu.confex.com/agu/os16/meetingapp.cgi
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Boyd, P. W., Armstrong, E., Dillingham, P., McGraw, C., Cornwall, C., & Hurd, C. L. (2016). Physiological diagnosis of a Southern Ocean diatom's responses to future complex ocean conditions. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World. Retrieved from http://www.highco2-iv.org/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Boyd, P. W., Dillingham, P. W., McGraw, C. M., Armstrong, E. A., Cornwall, C. E., Feng, Y.-y., Hurd, C. L., Gault-Ringold, M., Roleda, M. Y., … Nunn, B. L. (2016). Physiological responses of a Southern Ocean diatom to complex future ocean conditions. Nature Climate Change, 6, 207-213. doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2811
Journal - Research Article
Mendecki, L., Fayose, T., Stockmal, K. A., Wei, J., Granados-Focil, S., McGraw, C. M., & Radu, A. (2015). Robust and ultrasensitive polymer membrane-based carbonate-selective electrodes. Analytical Chemistry, 87(15), 7515-7518. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01756
Journal - Research Article
Roleda, M. Y., Cornwall, C. E., Feng, Y., McGraw, C. M., Smith, A. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2015). Effect of ocean acidification and pH fluctuations on the growth and development of coralline algal recruits, and an associated benthic algal assemblage. PLoS ONE, 10(10), e0140394. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140394
Journal - Research Article
Cornwall, C. E., Boyd, P. W., McGraw, C. M., Hepburn, C. D., Pilditch, C. A., Morris, J. N., Smith, A. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2014). Diffusion boundary layers ameliorate the negative effects of ocean acidification on the temperate coralline macroalga Arthrocardia corymbosa. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e97235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097235
Journal - Research Article
James, R. K., Hepburn, C. D., Cornwall, C. E., McGraw, C. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2014). Growth response of an early successional assemblage of coralline algae and benthic diatoms to ocean acidification. Marine Biology, 161(7), 1687-1696. doi: 10.1007/s00227-014-2453-3
Journal - Research Article
Radu, A., Radu, T., McGraw, C., Dillingham, P., Anastasova-Ivanova, S., & Diamond, D. (2013). Ion selective electrodes in environmental analysis. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 78, 1729-1761. doi: 10.2298/JSC130829098R
Journal - Research Article
Roleda, M. Y., Cornwall, C. E., Feng, Y., Smith, A. M., Currie, K. I., McGraw, C. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2013). Benthic community development under ocean acidification: Recruitment of cryptic propagules associated with, and spores of, the articulate coralline macroalga Arthrocardia corymbosa under static and diurnally oscillating pH. Proceedings of the 6th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 42). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oceanacidification/news/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Law, C. S., Breitbarth, E., Hoffmann, L., McGraw, C., Langlois, R. R., LaRoche, J., … Safi, K. (2013). Are all nitrogen fixers ocean acidification "winners"? Proceedings of the 6th New Zealand Ocean Acidification Workshop. (pp. 33). Retrieved from http://www.otago.ac.nz/oceanacidification/news/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Cornwall, C. E., Hepburn, C. D., McGraw, C. M., Currie, K. I., Pilditch, C. A., Hunter, K. A., Boyd, P. W., & Hurd, C. L. (2013). Diurnal fluctuations in seawater pH influence the response of a calcifying macroalga to ocean acidification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280, 20132201. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2201
Journal - Research Article
Jones, K. N., Currie, K. I., McGraw, C. M., & Hunter, K. A. (2013). The effect of coastal processes on phytoplankton biomass and primary production within the near-shore Subtropical Frontal Zone. Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science, 124, 44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.03.003
Journal - Research Article
Hoffmann, L. J., Breitbarth, E., McGraw, C. M., Law, C. S., Currie, K. I., & Hunter, K. A. (2013). A trace-metal clean, pH-controlled incubator system for ocean acidification incubation studies. Limnology & Oceanography: Methods, 11, 53-61. doi: 10.4319/lom.2013.11.53
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C. M., Breitbarth, E., Hoffmann, L., & Hunter, K. A. (2012). Trace-metal clean automated culture system for ocean acidification experiments. Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting. (pp. 307-308). Retrieved from http://www.sgmeet.com/osm2012/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Hurd, C. L., Currie, K. I., Hepburn, C. D., McGraw, C. M., Hunter, K. A., & Boyd, P. W. (2012). Differential susceptibility of coastal calcifers to ocean acidification. Proceedings of the Ocean Sciences Meeting. (pp. 208). Retrieved from http://www.sgmeet.com/osm2012/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Cornwall, C. E., Hepburn, C. D., McGraw, C., Currie, K., Pilditch, C., Hunter, K. A., Boyd, P. W., & Hurd, C. (2012). The need to manipulate natural variability in pH in ocean acidification experiments. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World: Ocean Acidification. (pp. 46). Retrieved from http://ocean-acidification.net/international-symposia/2012-symposium-on-the-ocean-in-a-high-co2-world/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Law, C. S., Breitbarth, E., McGraw, C. M., Langlois, R., LaRoche, J., Marriner, A. S. K., & Currie, K. I. (2012). No response of nitrogen fixation to elevated CO2 in manipulation experiments in the South Pacific. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO2 World: Ocean Acidification. (pp. 178). Retrieved from http://ocean-acidification.net/international-symposia/2012-symposium-on-the-ocean-in-a-high-co2-world/
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Dillingham, P. W., Radu, T., Diamond, D., Radu, A., & McGraw, C. M. (2012). Bayesian methods for ion selective electrodes. Electroanalysis, 24(2), 316-324. doi: 10.1002/elan.201100510
Journal - Research Article
Law, C. S., Breitbarth, E., Hoffmann, L. J., McGraw, C. M., Langlois, R. J., LaRoche, J., … Safi, K. A. (2012). No stimulation of nitrogen fixation by non-filamentous diazotrophs under elevated CO2 in the South Pacific. Global Change Biology, 18(10), 3004-3014. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02777.x
Journal - Research Article
Cornwall, C. E., Hepburn, C. D., Pritchard, D., Currie, K. I., McGraw, C. M., Hunter, K. A., & Hurd, C. L. (2012). Carbon-use strategies in macroalgae: Differential responses to lowered pH and implications for ocean acidification. Journal of Phycology, 48(1), 137-144. doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01085.x
Journal - Research Article
Roleda, M. Y., Morris, J. N., McGraw, C. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2012). Ocean acidification and seaweed reproduction: Increased CO2 ameliorates the negative effect of lowered pH on meiospore germination in the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Global Change Biology, 18(3), 854-864. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02594.x
Journal - Research Article
Baer-Jones, K., Tufillaro, N., Currie, K., McGraw, C., & Hunter, K. (2011, July). Verification of satellite and space-based remote sensing observations in the coastally oriented Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ), Eastern New Zealand. Plenary presentation at the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society (NZMSS) Conference: Understanding, Managing, and Conserving our Marine Environment, Oban, Stewart Island, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Roleda, M., Morris, J., McGraw, C., & Hurd, C. (2011). Ocean acidification and algal reproduction: Separate and compensatory effect of DIC over pH on the ontogeny of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Proceedings of the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society (NZMSS) Conference: Understanding, Managing, and Conserving our Marine Environment. (pp. 18). Retrieved from http://nzmss.org/assets/Conference/NZMSS2011AbstractsOralPresentations.pdf
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Cornwall, C., Hepburn, C., McGraw, C., & Hurd, C. (2011). Evidence from the field and laboratory show calcifying macroalgae may be more tolerant to the effects of ocean acidification than previous research suggests. Proceedings of the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society (NZMSS) Conference: Understanding, Managing, and Conserving our Marine Environment. (pp. 6). Retrieved from http://nzmss.org/assets/Conference/NZMSS2011AbstractsOralPresentations.pdf
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Baer Jones, K., Tufillaro, N., Currie, K., McGraw, C., & Hunter, K. (2011). Verification of satellite and space-based remote sensing observations in the coastally oriented Subtropical Frontal Zone (STFZ), Eastern New Zealand. Proceedings of the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society (NZMSS) Conference: Understanding, Managing, and Conserving our Marine Environment. (pp. 1-2). Retrieved from http://nzmss.org/assets/Conference/NZMSS2011AbstractsOralPresentations.pdf
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Hurd, C. L., Cornwall, C. E., Currie, K., Hepburn, C. D., McGraw, C. M., Hunter, K. A., & Boyd, P. W. (2011). Metabolically induced pH fluctuations by some coastal calcifiers exceed projected 22nd century ocean acidification: A mechanism for differential susceptibility? Global Change Biology, 17, 3254-3262. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02473.x
Journal - Research Article
Cummings, V., Hewitt, J., Van Rooyen, A., . . ., Gomez, A., McGraw, C., & Metcalf, V. (2011). Ocean acidification at high latitudes: Potential effects on functioning of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica. PLoS ONE, 6(1), e16069. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016069
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C. M., Cornwall, C. E., Reid, M. R., Currie, K. I., Hepburn, C. D., Boyd, P., Hurd, C. L., & Hunter, K. A. (2010). An automated pH-controlled culture system for laboratory-based ocean acidification experiments. Limnology & Oceanography: Methods, 8, 686-694. doi: 10.4319/lom.2010.8.686
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C., Cornwall, C., Reid, M. R., Currie, K., Hepburn, C., Boyd, P. W., Hurd, C., & Hunter, K. A. (2010). Automated, pCO2-controlled culture system for the study of coralline algae. Eos Trans. AGU, 91(26, Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl.). BO45A-16. [Abstract]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Doyle, H. L., McGraw, C., & Hunter, K. A. (2010). K1 revisited: Improving the estimation of the first acid dissociation constant of carbonic acid in seawater. Eos Trans. AGU, 91(26, Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl.). CO25B-07. [Abstract]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Baer Jones, K. N., Currie, K., McGraw, C., Boyd, P. W., & Hunter, K. A. (2010). Biological fixation of inorganic carbon and its effect on the marine carbonate system in the Subtropical Frontal Zone, eastern New Zealand. Eos Trans. AGU, 91(26, Ocean Sci. Meet. Suppl.). CO54A-04. [Abstract]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Cornwall, C., McGraw, C., Hepburn, C., Reid, M., Currie, K., Hunter, K., & Hurd, C. (2010). The effects of ocean acidification on the articulate coralline alga (Arthrocardia corymbosa). Proceedings of the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society 50th Anniversary Conference. (pp. 26). NZMSS. Retrieved from www.nzmss.org/conference
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Doyle, H., McGraw, C., & Hunter, K. (2009). Estimating the acid dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater. In S. O'Shea, M. J. Costello & K. O'Connell (Eds.), Proceedings of the Joint New Zealand Marine Sciences and Meteorological Societies Conference. (pp. 32). Retrieved from http://nzmss.rsnz.org
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Baer, K., Currie, K., McGraw, C., Boyd, P., & Hunter, K. (2009). Seasonal and spatial variability of chlorophyll-a in the Subtropical Convergence. In S. O'Shea, M. J. Costello & K. O'Connell (Eds.), Proceedings of the Joint New Zealand Marine Sciences and Meteorological Societies Conference. (pp. 29). Retrieved from http://nzmss.rsnz.org
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
McGraw, C., Reid, M., Currie, K., & Hunter, K. (2009). Marine culture tanks for the study of ocean acidification. In S. O'Shea, M. J. Costello & K. O'Connell (Eds.), Proceedings of the Joint New Zealand Marine Sciences and Meteorological Societies Conference. (pp. 31). Retrieved from http://nzmss.rsnz.org
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
McGraw, C. M., Currie, K. I., & Hunter, K. A. (2008, November-December). Predicting the local impact of ocean acidification. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the New Zealand Society of Plant Biologists Combined Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Doyle, H. L., McGraw, C. M., & Hunter, K. A. (2008, November-December). Dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater: Titrating towards consistency. Poster session presented at the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the New Zealand Society of Plant Biologists Combined Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Baer, K. N., Currie, K. I., McGraw, C. M., & Hunter, K. A. (2008, November-December). Evaluation of satellite derived and in situ chlorophyll pigment measurements in the subtropical convergence, eastern New Zealand. Poster session presented at the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry, New Zealand Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the New Zealand Society of Plant Biologists Combined Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
McGraw, C. M., Khalil, G., & Callis, J. B. (2008). Comparison of time and frequency domain methods for luminescence lifetime measurements. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112(21), 8079-8084.
Journal - Research Article
Cleary, J. J., Slater, C., McGraw, C., & Diamond, D. (2008). An autonomous microfluidic sensor for phosphate: On-site analysis of treated wastewater. IEEE Sensors Journal, 8(5), 508-515.
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C. M., Radu, T., Radu, A., & Diamond, D. (2008). Evaluation of liquid- and solid-contact, Pb2+-selective polymer-membrane electrodes for soil analysis. Electroanalysis, 20(3), 340-346.
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C. M., Stitzel, S. E., Cleary, J., Slater, C., & Diamond, D. (2007). Autonomous microfluidic system for phosphate detection. Talanta, 71(3), 1180-1185. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.06.011
Journal - Research Article
McGraw, C. M., Bell, J. H., Khalil, G., & Callis, J. B. (2006). Dynamic surface pressure measurements on a square cylinder with pressure sensitive paint. Experiments in Fluids, 40, 203-211. doi: 10.1007/s00348-005-0059-8
Journal - Research Article