Dr Jack Dummer

2026

Journal - Research Article

Jenkins, C. R., Martin, A., Chang, C. L., Beasley, R., Wrobel, J. P., McDonald, V. M., … Hancox, R. J., on behalf of the PACE Investigators, including Dummer, J., Brockway, B., Fingleton, J., & Beckert, L. (2026). Bisoprolol to prevent adverse cardiac events (PACE) in COPD: A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 14(3), 203-214. doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(25)00390-x

Journal - Research Other

Baral, P. K., Dummer, J., Pletzer, D., & Das, S. C. (2026). Inhaled antibiotic and biologic formulations targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 18, 162. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18020162

2025

Journal - Research Article

Maze, M. J., Rodgers, H., Williman, J., Anstey, R., Best, E., Bhally, H., … Dummer, J., Epton, M., … Hancox, R. J., … Murdoch, D. R., … Raymond, N., … Storer, M., Walls, T., … Wright, K. (2025). Variation in clinical presentation, complications and outcomes for Māori and Pacific peoples among hospitalised adults with COVID-19 in 2022, Aotearoa New Zealand. Internal Medicine Journal, 55(8), 1339-1349. doi: 10.1111/imj.70114

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Highton, A., Kemp, R., & Dummer, J. (2025). Mini-lungs as an airway disease model platform. Proceedings of the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit. (pp. 45-46). Retrieved from https://www.teniwha.com

2024

Journal - Research Article

Maze, M. J., Williman, J., Anstey, R., Best, E., Bhally, H., Bryce, A., … Dummer, J., Epton, M., … Hancox, R. J., … Murdoch, D. R., … Raymond, N., … Walls, T., … Wright, K. (2024). Evaluation of risk prediction scores for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 in a highly vaccinated population, Aotearoa New Zealand 2022. IJID Regions, 12, 100424. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100424

Taylor, A., Best, E. J., Walls, T., Webb, R., Bhally, H., Bryce, A., … Dummer, J., … Hancox, R. J., … Murdoch, D. R., … Williman, J., … Maze, M. J. (2024). COVID-19 related hospitalisations amongst Aotearoa, New Zealand children during the Omicron era of SARS-CoV-2. IJID Regions, 12, 100408. doi: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100408

Khadka, P., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., & Das, S. C. (2024). The quest to deliver high-dose rifampicin: Can the inhaled approach help? Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 21(1), 31-44. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2301931

Divinagracia, J. R. C., Dummer, J., & Hancox, R. J. (2024). Lung function and cardiovascular risk at age 45 in a cohort of the general population. Respiratory Medicine, 222, 107507. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107507

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Maze, M., Williman, J., Best, E., Bhally, H., Bryce, A., Chang, C., … Dummer, J., Epton, M., Good, W., … Hancox, R., … Hills, T., … Morpeth, S., Murdoch, D., … Raymond, N., … Storer, M., Walls, T., … Wong, C., & Wright, K. (2024). Evaluation of COVID-19 severity prediction scores, Aotearoa New Zealand 2022. Respirology, 29(Suppl. 1), TO118. doi: 10.1111/resp.14673

2023

Journal - Research Article

McQuilten, Z. K., Venkatesh, B., Jha, V., Roberts, J., Morpeth, S. C., Totterdell, J. A., … Dummer, J., … Maze, M. J., … Tong, S. Y. C. (2023). Anticoagulation strategies in non–critically ill patients with Covid-19. NEJM Evidence, 2, 2. doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2200293

Morpeth, S. C., Venkatesh, B., Totterdell, J. A., McPhee, G. M., Mahar, R. K., Jones, M., … Dummer, J., … Maze, M. J., … Raymond, N., … Tong, S. Y. C. (2023). A randomized trial of nafamostat for Covid-19. NEJM Evidence, 2(11). doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2300132

Khadka, P., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., Katare, R., & Das, S. C. (2023). A review of formulations and preclinical studies of inhaled rifampicin for its clinical translation. Drug Delivery & Translational Research, 13, 1246-1271. doi: 10.1007/s13346-022-01238-y

Journal - Research Other

Davidson, D., Page, M., Budge, D., Goodwin, R., Kim, S., Trembath, A., Wood, J., Dummer, J., & Parkin, L. (2023). Do brushings taken during bronchoscopy for suspected primary lung cancer increase diagnostic yield? An audit of real-world clinical practice. Internal Medicine Journal, 53, 1269-1272. doi: 10.1111/imj.16153

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper

Das, S. C., Khadka, P., Sinha, S., Katare, R., Hill, P. C., & Dummer, J. (2023). Towards the clinical translation of inhaled rifampicin for tuberculosis. In R. N. Dalby, J. Peart, D. Traini, P. M. Young & J. D. Suman (Eds.), Respiratory drug delivery. 2023, (pp. 11-18). Richmond, VA: RDD Online. [Full Paper]

2022

Journal - Research Article

Wilkinson, A., Higgs, C., Stokes, T., Dummer, J., & Hale, L. (2022). How to best develop and deliver generic long-term condition rehabilitation programmes in rural settings: An integrative review. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 3, 904007. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2022.904007

Adhikari, B. R., Dummer, J., Gordon, K. C., & Das, S. C. (2022). An expert opinion on respiratory delivery of high dose powders for lung infections. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 19(7), 795-813. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2089111

Tan, H. S., McAnally, H. M., Dummer, J., & Hancox, R. J. (2022). Lifetime cannabis exposure and small airway function in a population-based cohort study. ERJ Open Research, 8, 00688-2021. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00688-2021

Bryce, A., Foley, L., Phillipson, J., Slow, S., Storer, M., Williman, J., Beasley, R., Bhally, H., … Dummer, J., Epton, M., … Gracie, K., Hancox, R. J., Hills, T., Hogg, S., … Kearns, N., … Murdoch, D., Raymond, N., … Maze, M. J. (2022). Clinical features of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 from February to October 2020, during the early waves of the pandemic in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 135(1552), 120-130. Retrieved from https://journal.nzma.org.nz/

Journal - Research Other

Parkin, L., Williams, S., Sharples, K., Barson, D., Horsburgh, S., Jackson, R., … Dummer, J. (2022). Dual versus single long-acting bronchodilator use could raise acute coronary syndrome risk by over 50% [Authors reply]. Journal of Internal Medicine, 291, 707-708. doi: 10.1111/joim.13439

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

McQuilten, Z., Venkatesh, B., Jha, V., Roberts, J., Morpeth, S., Totterdell, J., … Dummer, J., … Maze, M., … Tong, S. Y. C. (2022). Anticoagulation and antiplatelet strategies in non-critically ill patients with Covid-19. Blood, 140(Suppl. 1), (pp. 326-328). doi: 10.1182/blood-2022-168448

2021

Journal - Research Article

Parkin, L., Williams, S., Sharples, K., Barson, D., Horsburgh, S., Jackson, R., … Dummer, J. (2021). Dual versus single long-acting bronchodilator use could raise acute coronary syndrome risk by over 50%: A population-based nested case-control study. Journal of Internal Medicine, 290, 1028-1038. doi: 10.1111/joim.13348

Khadka, P., Sinha, S., Tucker, I. G., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., Katare, R., & Das, S. C. (2021). Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin after repeated intra-tracheal administration of amorphous and crystalline powder formulations to Sprague Dawley rats. European Journal of Pharmaceutics & Biopharmaceutics, 162, 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.011

Khadka, P., Sinha, S., Tucker, I. G., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., Katare, R., & Das, S. C. (2021). Studies on the safety and the tissue distribution of inhaled high-dose amorphous and crystalline rifampicin in a rat model. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 597, 120345. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120345

Parkin, L., Williams, S., Barson, D., Sharples, K., Horsburgh, S., Jackson, R., & Dummer, J. (2021). Is the use of two versus one long-acting bronchodilator by patients with COPD associated with a higher risk of acute coronary syndrome in real-world clinical practice? BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 8(1), e000840. doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000840

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper

Khadka, P., Sinha, S., Tucker, I. G., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., Katare, R., & Das, S. C. (2021). High-dose inhaled rifampicin powder formulations: Preparation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. Proceedings of the Drug Delivery to the Lungs (DDL) Conference (Vol. 32). Retrieved from https://ddl-conference.com

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Parkin, L., Williams, S., Sharples, K., Barson, D., Horsburgh, S., Jackson, R., … Dummer, J. (2021). Long-acting bronchodilators and risk of acute coronary syndrome in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proceedings of the 6th Pharmacoepidemiology Research Network Symposium. (pp. 14-15). Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/pharmacoepidemiology

Khadka, P., Sinha, S., Hill, P. C., Dummer, J., Tucker, I. G., Katare, R. G., & Das, S. C. (2021). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of high-dose inhaled rifampicin powder formulations for tuberculosis treatment. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1547), (pp. 139). Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Tan, H. S., Hancox, R. J., McAnally, H. M., & Dummer, J. (2021). Cannabis and small airway function in mid-adult life. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1543), (pp. 157). Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal

Parkin, L., Williams, S., Sharples, K., Barson, D., Horsburgh, S., Jackson, R., & Dummer, J. (2021). Long-acting bronchodilators and risk of acute coronary syndrome. International Journal of Epidemiology, 50(Suppl. 1), (pp. i184-i185). doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab168.522

2020

Journal - Research Article

Khadka, P., Hill, P. C., Zhang, B., Katare, R., Dummer, J., & Das, S. C. (2020). A study on polymorphic forms of rifampicin for inhaled high dose delivery in tuberculosis treatment. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 587, 119602. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119602

Tumilty, E., Doolan-Noble, F., Tiatia Fa'atoese Latu, A., McAuley, K., Dummer, J., Baxter, J., Hannah, D., … Stokes, T. (2020). 'A balancing act': Living with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in southern New Zealand: A qualitative study. Journal of Primary Health Care, 12(2), 166-172. doi: 10.1071/HC20007

Singh, A., Cowan, J., & Dummer, J. (2020). The effect of mode of inhaled salbutamol delivery on measures of small airways obstruction in asthma: A comparison of treatment delivered via spacer and nebuliser. New Zealand Medical Student Journal, (30), 21-25.

Dummer, J., Tumilty, E., Hannah, D., McAuley, K., Baxter, J., Doolan-Noble, F., … Stokes, T. (2020). Health care utilisation and health needs of people with severe COPD in the southern region of New Zealand: A retrospective case note review. COPD, 17(2), 136-142. doi: 10.1080/15412555.2020.1724275

Dummer, J., Dobler, C. C., Holmes, M., Chambers, D., Yang, I. A., Parkin, L., … Holland, A. E. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment of lung disease associated with alpha one-antitrypsin deficiency: A position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Respirology, 25, 321-335. doi: 10.1111/resp.13774

Ndukwe, H. C., Shaul, D., Shin, J., Pang, C. D., Swee, C. Y., Hong, B. T., Dummer, J. F., … Wilby, K. J., & Marra, C. A. (2020). Assessment of inhaler technique among fourth-year pharmacy students: Implications for the use of entrustable professional activities [Research note]. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning, 12, 281-286. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.12.001

Parkin, L., Quon, J., Sharples, K., Barson, D., & Dummer, J. (2020). Underuse of beta-blockers by patients with COPD and co-morbid acute coronary syndrome: A nationwide follow-up study in New Zealand. Respirology, 25, 173-182. doi: 10.1111/resp.13662

Journal - Research Other

Dummer, J., & Stokes, T. (2020). Improving continuity of care of patients with respiratory disease at hospital discharge. Breathe, 16(3), 200161. doi: 10.1183/20734735.0161-2020

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Khadka, P., Sinha, S., Tucker, I. G., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., Katare, R., & Das, S. C. (2020). Safety of a single high-dose inhaled rifampicin in Sprague Dawley rats. Journal of Aerosol Medicine & Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 33(2), (pp. A11). doi: 10.1089/jamp.2020.ab01.abstracts

2019

Journal - Research Article

Stokes, T., Tumilty, E., Tiatia Fa'atoese Latu, A., Doolan-Noble, F., Baxter, J., McAuley, K., … Dummer, J. (2019). Improving access to health care for people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in southern New Zealand: Qualitative study of the views of health professional stakeholders and patients. BMJ Open, 9, e033524. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033524

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Stokes, T., Tumilty, E., Tiatia Fa'atoese Latu, A., Doolan-Noble, F., Baxter, J., McAuley, K., … Dummer, J. (2019). Improving access to health care for people with severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Southern New Zealand: Qualitative study of the views of health professional stakeholders and patients. Proceedings of the Academic General Practice & Primary Care Research Symposium. (pp. 3). Hamilton, New Zealand: University of Waikato. Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/otago730914.pdf

Parkin, L., Quon, J., Sharples, K., Barson, D., & Dummer, J. (2019). Prevention of acute coronary events: Are people with COPD missing out? Proceedings of the Australasian Epidemiological Association (AEA) Annual Scientific Meeting: Epidemiology in the Real World. (pp. 87). Retrieved from http://www.aea2019.com

Stokes, T., Tumilty, E., Tiatia Fa'atoese Latu, A., Doolan-Noble, F., Baxter, J., McAuley, K., … Dummer, J. (2019). Improving access to health care for people with severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Southern New Zealand: Qualitative study of the views of health professional stakeholders and patients. Proceedings of the 11th Health Services and Policy Research Conference (HSRAANZ): Addressing Health Service Inequities to Improve Health System Performance. Retrieved from www.healthservicesconference.com.au

Stokes, T., Tumilty, E., Latu, A. T. F., McAuley, K., Doolan-Noble, F., Baxter, J., … Dummer, J. (2019). How can we improve access to health care for people with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Southern New Zealand? The perspectives of health professional stakeholders and patients. Proceedings of the Society for Academic Primary Care (SAPC) 48th Annual Scientific Meeting. 4D.6b. Retrieved from https://sapc.ac.uk/conference/2019

2018

Journal - Research Article

Aluzaite, K., Tewhaiti-Smith, J., Fraser, M., Johnson, S., Glen, E., Beck, A., … Dummer, J., & Schultz, M. (2018). A liver health hui: Hepatitis C knowledge and associated risk factors in New Zealand gang members and their families. Royal Society Open Science, 5, 172167. doi: 10.1098/rsos.172167

Khadka, P., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., & Das, S. C. (2018). Considerations in preparing for clinical studies of inhaled rifampicin to enhance tuberculosis treatment. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 548(1), 244-254. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.011

Parkin, L., Barson, D., Zeng, J., Horsburgh, S., Sharples, K., & Dummer, J. (2018). Patterns of use of long-acting brochodilators in patients with COPD: A nationwide follow-up study of new users in New Zealand. Respirology, 23(6), 583-592. doi: 10.1111/resp.13235

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Quon, J., Parkin, L., Sharples, K., Barson, D., & Dummer, J. (2018). Under-use of beta-blockers by New Zealand patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and co-morbid acute coronary syndrome. Proceedings of the 4th Pharmacoepidemiology Research Network Symposium. (pp. 21-22). Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/pharmacoepidemiology

Khadka, P., Dummer, J., Hill, P. C., & Das, S. C. (2018). Inhaled rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculosis. Proceedings of the Otago Global Health Institute (OGHI) 11th Annual Conference. (pp. 20). Retrieved from https://www.otago.ac.nz/global-health/annual-conference

Stokes, T., Tumilty, E., Dummer, J., McAuley, K., Doolan-Noble, F., Gray, A., … Donlevy, S. (2018). Can we deliver better health care to people with severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in the southern region of New Zealand? Proceedings of the Society for Academic Primary Care (SAPC) 47th Annual Scientific Meeting. Retrieved from https://sapc.ac.uk

Dummer, J., Cowan, J., Tewhaiti-Smith, J., Aluzaite, K., Fitzgerald, C., & Schultz, M. (2018). Lung health in New Zealand gang members: Results from a health hui. Respirology, 23(Suppl. 1), (pp. 208). doi: 10.1111/resp.13268

Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)

Stokes, T., Tumilty, E., Dummer, J., McAuley, K., Doolan-Noble, F., Gray, A., & Donlevy, S. (2018, August). Delivering better care to New Zealanders with severe COPD: Mixed methods evaluation. Poster session presented at the Primary Health Care Research Conference, Melbourne, Australia.

2017

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Stokes, T., Tumilty, E., Dummer, J., Doolan-Noble, F., McAuley, K., & Donlevy, S. (2017). Delivering better health care to people with severe COPD in New Zealand's southern region. Proceedings of the North American Primary Care Research Group (NAPCRG) 45th Annual Meeting. P384. Retrieved from http://www.napcrg.org

Dummer, J., Amer, M., Cowan, J., & Gray, A. (2017). The relationship between fractional exhaled nitric oxide and forced expiratory volume in one second in asthma. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 195, A1314. [Abstract]

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Dummer, J. (2017, November). Patterns of use of long-acting bronchodilators in New Zealanders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Are they consistent with international treatment guidelines? Verbal presentation at the 3rd Pharmacoepidemiology Research Network Symposium, Dunedin, New Zealand.

2016

Journal - Research Article

Amer, M., Cowan, J., Gray, A., Brockway, B., & Dummer, J. (2016). Effect of inhaled β₂-agonist on exhaled nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS ONE, 11(6), e0157019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157019

2015

Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract

Dummer, J., Storer, M., Swanney, M. P., Frampton, C., & Epton, M. (2015). Analysis of hydrogen sulfide in breath. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 191(Meetings Abstracts). Retrieved from http://www.atsjournals.org/series/ajrccm-conference

Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs

Dummer, J. (2015, November). Long-acting beta-agonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists and the risk of acute coronary syndrome. Verbal presentation at the Inaugural Pharmacoepidemiology Research Network Symposium, Dunedin, New Zealand.

2013

Journal - Research Article

Storer, M., Dummer, J., Sturney, S., & Epton, M. (2013). Validating SIFT-MS analysis of volatiles in breath. Current Analytical Chemistry, 9(4), 576-583. doi: 10.2174/15734110113099990022

Dummer, J., Storer, M., Sturney, S., Scott-Thomas, A., Chambers, S., Swanney, M., & Epton, M. (2013). Quantification of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in breath using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry: HCN is not a biomarker of Pseudomonas in chronic suppurative lung disease. Journal of Breath Research, 7(1), 017105. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/1/017105

2011

Journal - Research Article

Storer, M., Dummer, J., Lunt, H., Scotter, J., McCartin, F., Cook, J., Swanney, M., … Epton, M. (2011). Measurement of breath acetone concentrations by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry in type 2 diabetes. Journal of Breath Research, 5, 046011. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/4/046011

Storer, M. K., Dummer, J. F., Cook, J., McEwan, M., & Epton, M. J. (2011). Increased concentrations of breath haloamines are not detectable in airways inflammation using SIFT-MS. Journal of Breath Research, 5(3). doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/3/037105

Dummer, J., Storer, M., Swanney, M., McEwan, M., Scott-Thomas, A., Bhandari, S., Chambers, S., … Epton, M. (2011). Analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds in human health and disease. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 30(7), 960-967. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.03.011

2010

Journal - Research Article

Dummer, J. F., . . ., Frampton, C. M., Scotter, J. M., Prisk, G., & Epton, M. J. (2010). Accurate, reproducible measurement of acetone concentration in breath using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry. Journal of Breath Research, 4, 046001. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/4/4/046001

Hu, W.-P., Langford, V. S., McEwan, M. J., Milligan, D. B., Storer, M. K., Dummer, J., & Epton, M. J. (2010). Monitoring chloramines and bromamines in a humid environment using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 24(12), 1744-1748. doi: 10.1002/rcm.4570

Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles

Taylor, D. R., & Dummer, J. (2010). Exhaled nitric oxide and COPD [Letter]. European Respiratory Journal, 36(3), 692. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00058310

Dummer, J. F., & Taylor, D. R. (2010). Defining the role of exhaled nitric oxide measurements in COPD [Editorial]. Respirology, 15, 385-386. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01730.x

2009

Journal - Research Article

Dummer, J. F., Epton, M. J., Cowan, J. O., Cook, J. M., Condliffe, R., Landhuis, C. E., Smith, A. D., & Taylor, D. R. (2009). Predicting corticosteroid response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using exhaled nitric oxide. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 180(9), 846-852. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200905-0685OC

Epton, M. J., Ledingham, K., Dummer, J., Hu, W.-P., Rhodes, B., Senthilmohan, S. T., Scotter, J. M., Allardyce, R., Cook, J., & Swanney, M. P. (2009). Interference of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-containing inhalers with measurements of volatile compounds using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 23(3), 443-447. doi: 10.1002/rcm.3875

2008

Journal - Research Article

Senthilmohan, S. T., Kettle, A. J., McEwan, M. J., Dummer, J., Edwards, S. J., Wilson, P. F., & Epton, M. J. (2008). Detection of monobromamine, monochloramine and dichloramine using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry and their relevance as breath markers. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 22(5), 677-681. doi: 10.1002/rcm.3418