MBChB, FNZCPHM, FAFPHM, FRACMA, DComH, DObst
Professor of Public Health; Director, Health Environment Infection Research Unit (HEIRU); Co-Director, He Kainga Oranga/Housing and Health Research Programme; Co-Director, Public Health Summer School
Teaches PUBH734 Health Protection
Contact details
Tel +64 4 918 6802
Fax +64 4 389 5319
Email michael.baker@otago.ac.nz
Research interests and activities
Michael is a public health physician and Professor in the Department of Public Health. He is passionate about opportunities to organise society in ways that promote health, equity and sustainability.
In 2013 Michael was awarded the Liley Medal (Health Research Council) for his contribution to the health and medical sciences. In 2014 he was a recipient of the Prime Minister’s Science Prize as a member of He Kainga Oranga / Housing and Health Research Programme. In 2015 he was the NZ-UK Link Foundation Visiting Professor at the School of Advanced Study (SAS), University of London.
His work during 2020-21 has been dominated by assisting with the Covid-19 pandemic response. Michael is a member of the Ministry of Health’s Covid-19 Technical Advisory Group and has been a leading architect and advocate for the Covid-19 elimination strategy. He established a programme of research on the epidemiology, prevention and control of Covid-19 in NZ and internationally (Co-Search), which has generated a large amount of published research and commentary aimed at improving the pandemic response.
Michael’s work on public health, and the Covid-19 response in particular, was recognised by a number of recent awards including: the Critic and Conscience of Society Award (from Universities NZ), the Public Health Champion award (from the Public Health Association of NZ), being made a Member of the NZ Order of Merit (MNZM), his selection as the 2020 Wellingtonian of the Year, and the Prime Minister’s Science Communication Prize in 2021.
Michael has a wide range of public health research interests, with a focus on infectious diseases, environmental health, and improving housing conditions. Specific research areas include:
- infectious disease epidemiology
- The COVID‑19 pandemic, including epidemiology, elimination strategy, control measures
- emerging infectious diseases, including pandemic influenza
- food safety and enteric diseases, e.g. campylobacteriosis
- zoonoses and One Health
- immunisation and vaccine preventable diseases
- health effects of household crowding, healthy housing
- rheumatic fever, skin infections, chronic effects of infectious diseases
- seasonality of disease, health effects of climate change, e.g. on infectious diseases
- environmental health, drinking water quality, water pollutants, e.g. nitrates
- drug law reform and harm minimisation, e.g. needle exchange programme
- public health services organisation and capacity, e.g. surveillance and outbreak investigation
- global health security, e.g. the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005)
- science communication
Michael has worked in a range of roles, including being a medical advisor to a Minister of Health, for regional public health services, at a Crown Research Institute (ESR), and for the World Health Organisation in Manila and Geneva. Since 2003 he has been based full-time at the University of Otago, Wellington. Specific positions include:
- Director, Health Environment Infection Research Unit (HEIRU)
- Co-Director of He Kainga Oranga / Housing and Health Research Programme
- Co-Director, University of Otago Public Health Summer School
- Lead Investigator, Co-Search Programme
- Principal Investigator, SYMBIOTIC Programme (Health Research Council funded)
- Chief Investigator, Integrated Systems for Epidemic Response (ISER), an NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence, University of NSW
- Convenor, University of Otago Health Protection paper (PUBH734)
- Member of the Ministry of Health’s COVID-19 Technical Advisory Group (TAG)
- Member of the Advisory Board of the Science Media Centre (SMC)
- Board Member of the NZ Drug Foundation
- Member of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Regional Verification Commission for Measles Elimination
Publications
Grout, L., Chambers, T., Hales, S., Prickett, M., Baker, M. G., & Wilson, N. (2023). The potential human health hazard of nitrates in drinking water: A media discourse analysis in a high-income country. Environmental Health, 22, 9. doi: 10.1186/s12940-023-00960-5
Baker, M. G., Durrheim, D., Hsu, L. Y., & Wilson, N. (2023). COVID-19 and other pandemics require a coherent response strategy. Lancet. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02489-8
Graham, F. F., Kim, A. H. M., Baker, M. G., Fyfe, C., & Hales, S. (2023). Associations between meteorological factors, air pollution and Legionnaires' disease in New Zealand: Time series analysis. Atmospheric Environment, 296, 119572. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119572
Summers, J., Kvalsvig, A., French, N., & Baker, M. G. (2023). Bacteria: Campylobacter. In Reference module in food sciences. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822521-9.00035-6
Toombs-Ruane, L. J., Marshall, J. C., Benschop, J., Drinković, D., Midwinter, A. C., Biggs, P. J., … Baker, M. G., … Burgess, S. A. (2022). Extended spectrum β-lactamase-and AmpC β-lactamase-producing enterobacterales associated with urinary tract infections in the New Zealand community: A case-control study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.013
Summers, J., Kvalsvig, A., French, N., & Baker, M. G. (2023). Bacteria: Campylobacter. In Reference module in food sciences. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822521-9.00035-6
Chapter in Book - Research
Howden-Chapman, P., Chisholm, E., Telfar Barnard, L., Viggers, H., O'Sullivan, K., Bennett, J., Bierre, S., Preval, N., Randal, E., Tiatia, R., Ombler, J., Amore, K., Rivera-Muñoz, G., … Davies, C., Aspinall, C., Oliver, J., Baker, M., Keall, M., … Crane, J., & Pierse, N. (2017). Housing, energy and health in resilient cities. In P. Howden-Chapman, L. Early & J. Ombler (Eds.), Cities in New Zealand: Preferences, patterns and possibilities. (pp. 95-106). Wellington, New Zealand: Steele Roberts Aotearoa.
Chapter in Book - Research
Baker, M., Zhang, J., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2013). The health effects of social housing: The Social Housing Outcomes Worth study. In S. Bierre, P. Howden-Chapman & L. Early (Eds.), Homes people can afford: How to improve housing in New Zealand. (pp. 33-40). Wellington, New Zealand: Steele Roberts Aotearoa.
Chapter in Book - Research
Harris, R., Purdie, G., Robson, B., Wright, C., Zhang, J., & Baker, M. (2007). Appendix 3: Estimating Māori hospitalisations and cancer registrations. In B. Robson & R. Harris (Eds.), Hauora: Māori standards of health IV: A study of the years 2000-2005. (pp. 249-259). Wellington, New Zealand: Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare, University of Otago.
Chapter in Book - Research
Baker, M., Milosevic, J., Blakely, T., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2004). Housing, crowding and health. In P. Howden-Chapman & P. Carroll (Eds.), Housing & health: Research, policy and innovation. (pp. 57-69). Wellington, New Zealand: Steele Roberts.
Chapter in Book - Research
Howden-Chapman, P., Crane, J., Baker, M., Cunningham, C., & Matheson, A. (2004). Reducing health inequality through improving housing: He Kainga Oranga/ Housing and Health Research Programme. In P. Howden-Chapman & P. Carroll (Eds.), Housing & health: Research, policy and innovation. (pp. 83-92). Wellington, New Zealand: Steele Roberts.
Chapter in Book - Research
Baker, M. G., Goodyear, R., & Howden-Chapman, P. L. (2003). Household crowding and health. In What is the extent of crowding in New Zealand?: An analysis of crowding in New Zealand households 1986-2001. (pp. 58-87). Wellington: Statistics New Zealand.
Chapter in Book - Research
Martin, D., Walker, S. J., Baker, M. G., Roberts, A., & Lennon, D. R. (1996). Epidemic of serogroup B meningococcal disease in New Zealand has parallels with that observed in the Netherlands, 1980-1990. In W. D. Zollinger, C. E. Frasch & C. D. Deal (Eds.), Pathogenic Neisseria. (pp. 496-497). Baltimore, Maryland: National Institute of Health.
Chapter in Book - Research
Baker, M. (2002). Immunisations and malaria prophylaxis for travellers. In New Ethicals Catalogue 1997-2002. Auckland, New Zealand: Adis International.
Chapter in Book - Other
Graham, F. F., Kim, A. H. M., Baker, M. G., Fyfe, C., & Hales, S. (2023). Associations between meteorological factors, air pollution and Legionnaires' disease in New Zealand: Time series analysis. Atmospheric Environment, 296, 119572. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119572
Journal - Research Article
Grout, L., Chambers, T., Hales, S., Prickett, M., Baker, M. G., & Wilson, N. (2023). The potential human health hazard of nitrates in drinking water: A media discourse analysis in a high-income country. Environmental Health, 22, 9. doi: 10.1186/s12940-023-00960-5
Journal - Research Article
Ammar, S. E., McIntyre, M., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2022). New Zealand travellers to high-risk destinations for arbovirus infection make little effort to avoid mosquito bites. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2071951
Journal - Research Article
Baker, M. G., Gurney, J., Moreland, N. J., Bennett, J., Oliver, J., Williamson, D. A., Pierse, N., … Merriman, T. R., … Edwards, R., … Thomson, W. M., Zhang, J., & Lennon, D. (2022). Risk factors for acute rheumatic fever: A case-control study. Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100508
Journal - Research Article
Bennett, J., Moreland, N. J., Williamson, D. A., Carapetis, J., Crane, J., Whitcombe, A. L., Jack, S., … Baker, M. G. (2022). Comparison of group A streptococcal titres in healthy children and those with pharyngitis and skin infections. Journal of Infection, 84, 24-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.10.014
Journal - Research Article
Bennett, J., Moreland, N. J., Zhang, J., Crane, J., Sika-Paotonu, D., Carapetis, J., Williamson, D. A., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Risk factors for group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections: A case control study. Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific, 26, 100507. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100507
Journal - Research Article
Chambers, T., Joy, M., Wilson, N., Hales, S., & Baker, M. (2022). Quantifying the nitrate levels in bottled water in New Zealand. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 46(3), 322-324. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13196
Journal - Research Article
Graham, F. F., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Epidemiology and direct health care costs of hospitalised legionellosis in New Zealand, 2000–2020. Infection, Disease & Health. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.idh.2022.07.002
Journal - Research Article
Graham, F. F., Finn, N., White, P., Hales, S., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Global perspective of Legionella infection in community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 19, 1907. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031907
Journal - Research Article
Gray, L., MacDonald, C., Puloka, A., Bocock, C., Gwyther, R., Rushton, A., Puloka, V., … Kvalsvig, A., & Baker, M. G. (2022). The lived experience of hotel isolation and quarantine at the Aotearoa New Zealand border for COVID-19: A qualitative descriptive study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 70, 102779. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102779
Journal - Research Article
Hashimi, F. N., Bennett, J., Baker, M. G., Moreland, N. J., Merry, T. L., & Loh, J. M. S. (2022). The effects of sugar in drinking water on Streptococcus pyogenes colonisation in a murine nasopharyngeal infection model. Scientific Reports, 12, 17716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22648-5
Journal - Research Article
Kvalsvig, A., Telfar Barnard, L., Summers, J., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Integrated prevention and control of seasonal respiratory infections in Aotearoa New Zealand: Next steps for transformative change. Policy Quarterly, 18(1), 44-51. doi: 10.26686/pq.v18i1.7500
Journal - Research Article
Richards, J., Chambers, T., Hales, S., Joy, M., Radu, T., Woodward, A., Humphrey, A., Randal, E., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Nitrate contamination in drinking water and colorectal cancer: Exposure assessment and estimated health burden in New Zealand. Environmental Research, 204, 112322. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112322
Journal - Research Article
Thompson, J., McClure, R., Blakely, T., Wilson, N., Baker, M. G., Wijnands, J. S., … Stevenson, M. (2022). Modelling SARS-CoV-2 disease progression in Australia and New Zealand: An account of an agent-based approach to support public health decision-making. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13221
Journal - Research Article
Toombs-Ruane, L. J., Marshall, J. C., Benschop, J., Drinković, D., Midwinter, A. C., Biggs, P. J., … Baker, M. G., … Burgess, S. A. (2022). Extended spectrum β-lactamase-and AmpC β-lactamase-producing enterobacterales associated with urinary tract infections in the New Zealand community: A case-control study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.013
Journal - Research Article
Walker, T. A., Grainger, R., Quirke, T., Roos, R., Sherwood, J., Mackereth, G., … Baker, M. G., & Jones, N. (2022). Reactive arthritis incidence in a community cohort following a large waterborne campylobacteriosis outbreak in Havelock North, New Zealand. BMJ Open, 12, e060173. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060173
Journal - Research Article
Whitcombe, A. L., McGregor, R., Bennett, J., Gurney, J. K., Williamson, D. A., Baker, M. G., & Moreland, N. J. (2022). Increased breadth of Group A Streptococcus antibody responses in children with acute rheumatic fever compared to precursor pharyngitis and skin infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 226, 167-176. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac043
Journal - Research Article
Ammar, S. E., McIntyre, M., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2021). Imported arboviral infections in New Zealand, 2001 to 2017: A risk factor for local transmission. Travel Medicine & Infectious Disease, 41, 102047. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102047
Journal - Research Article
Bennett, J., Zhang, J., Leung, W., Jack, S., Oliver, J., Webb, R., … Sika-Paotonu, D., Harwood, M., & Baker, M. G. (2021). Rising ethnic inequalities in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, New Zealand, 2000-2018. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(1), 36-46. doi: 10.3201/eid2701.191791
Journal - Research Article
Binny, R. N., Baker, M. G., Hendy, S. C., James, A., Lustig, A., Plank, M. J., … Steyn, N. (2021). Early intervention is the key to success in COVID-19 control. Royal Society Open Science, 8, 210488. doi: 10.1098/rsos.210488
Journal - Research Article
Cannon, J., Zhang, J., Bennett, J., Moreland, N. J., Baker, M. G., Geelhoed, E., … Jack, S. (2021). The economic and health burden of disease caused by Group A Streptococcus in New Zealand. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 103, 176-181. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.193
Journal - Research Article
Carlton, L. H., Chen, T., Whitcombe, A. L., McGregor, R., Scheurich, G., Sheen, C. R., … Baker, M. G., … Moreland, N. J. (2021). Charting elimination in the pandemic: A SARS-CoV-2 serosurvey of blood donors in New Zealand [Short paper]. Epidemiology & Infection, 149, e173. doi: 10.1017/s0950268821001643
Journal - Research Article
Choi, K., Giridharan, N., Cartmell, A., Lum, D., Signal, L., Puloka, V., Crossin, R., Gray, L., Davies, C., Baker, M., & Kvalsvig, A. (2021). Life during lockdown: A qualitative study of low-income New Zealanders' experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1538), 52-67. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Journal - Research Article
Geoghegan, J. L., Douglas, J., Ren, X., Storey, M., Hadfield, J., Silander, O. K., … Baker, M. G., Murdoch, D. R., … de Ligt, J. (2021). Use of genomics to track Coronavirus disease outbreaks, New Zealand. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(5), 1317-1322. doi: 10.3201/eid2705.204579
Journal - Research Article
Gray, L., Rose, S. B., Stanley, J., Zhang, J., Tassell-Matamua, N., Puloka, V., Kvalsvig, A., … Murton, S. A., … Baker, M. G. (2021). Factors influencing individual ability to follow physical distancing recommendations in Aotearoa New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic: A population survey. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 51(Suppl. 1), S107-S126. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2021.1879179
Journal - Research Article
Grout, L., Katar, A., Ouakrim, D. A., Summers, J. A., Kvalsvig, A., Baker, M. G., Blakely, T., & Wilson, N. (2021). Failures of quarantine systems for preventing COVID-19 outbreaks in Australia and New Zealand. Medical Journal of Australia. Advance online publication. doi: 10.5694/mja2.51240
Journal - Research Article
Huang, Q. S., Wood, T., Jelley, L., Jennings, T., Jefferies, S., Daniells, K., Nesdale, A., Dowell, T., Turner, N., Campbell-Stokes, P., Balm, M., Dobinson, H. C., … Baker, M. G., … Werno, A., Grant, J., van der Linden, A., … Webby, R. J. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on influenza and other respiratory viral infections in New Zealand. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1001. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21157-9
Journal - Research Article
Keall, M. D., Tupara, H., Pierse, N., Wilkie, M., Baker, M. G., Howden-Chapman, P., & Cunningham, C. (2021). Home modifications to prevent home fall injuries in houses with Māori occupants (MHIPI): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health, 6(9), e631-e640. doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00135-3
Journal - Research Article
Kvalsvig, A., & Baker, M. G. (2021). How Aotearoa New Zealand rapidly revised its Covid-19 response strategy: Lessons for the next pandemic plan. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 51(1), S143-S166. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2021.1891943
Journal - Research Article
Lake, R. J., Campbell, D. M., Hathaway, S. C., Ashmore, E., Cressey, P. J., Horn, B. J., … Baker, M. G., … French, N. P. (2021). Source attributed case-control study of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 103, 268-277. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.167
Journal - Research Article
Lorenz, N., Ho, T. K. C., McGregor, R., Davies, M. R., Williamson, D. A., Gurney, J. K., … Baker, M. G., & Moreland, N. J. (2021). Serological profiling of group A streptococcus infections in acute rheumatic fever. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 73(12), 2322-2325. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab180
Journal - Research Article
McGregor, R., Tay, M. L., Carlton, L. H., Hanson-Manful, P., Raynes, J. M., Forsyth, W. O., … Baker, M. G., & Moreland, N. J. (2021). Mapping autoantibodies in children with acute rheumatic fever. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 702877. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702877
Journal - Research Article
Nguyen, T., Adnan, M., Nguyen, B. P., de Ligt, J., Geoghegan, J. L., Dean, R., … Baker, M. G., … Murdoch, D. R., … Simpson, C. R. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine strategies for Aotearoa New Zealand: A mathematical modelling study. Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific, 15, 100256. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100256
Journal - Research Article
Oliver, J., Bennett, J., Thomas, S., Zhang, J., Pierse, N., Moreland, N. J., Williamson, D. A., Jack, S., & Baker, M. (2021). Preceding group A streptococcus skin and throat infections are individually associated with acute rheumatic fever: Evidence from New Zealand. BMJ Global Health, 6, e007038. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007038
Journal - Research Article
Oliver, J., Robertson, O., Zhang, J., Marsters, B. L., Sika-Paotonu, D., Jack, S., Bennett, J., Williamson, D. A., … Pierse, N., & Baker, M. G. (2021). Early release-ethnically disparate disease progression and outcomes among acute rheumatic fever patients in New Zealand, 1989–2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(7), 1893-1901. doi: 10.3201/eid2707.203045
Journal - Research Article
Pilapitiya, D. H., Harris, P. W. R., Hanson-Manful, P., McGregor, R., Kowalczyk, R., Raynes, J. M., … Baker, M. G., … Moreland, N. J. (2021). Antibody responses to collagen peptides and streptococcal collagen-like 1 proteins in acute rheumatic fever patients. Pathogens & Disease, 79, ftab033. doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftab033
Journal - Research Article
Prasad, N., Walker, T. A., Waite, B., Wood, T., Trenholme, A. A., Baker, M. G., … Newbern, E. C. (2021). Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among adults with chronic medical conditions. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 73(1), e158-e163. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa730
Journal - Research Article
Riggs, L., Keall, M., Howden-Chapman, P., & Baker, M. G. (2021). Environmental burden of disease from unsafe and substandard housing, New Zealand, 2010-2017. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 99, 259-270. doi: 10.2471/BLT.20.263285
Journal - Research Article
Robertson, O., Nathan, K., Howden-Chapman, P., Baker, M. G., Atatoa Carr, P., & Pierse, N. (2021). Residential mobility for a national cohort of New Zealand-born children by area socioeconomic deprivation level and ethnic group. BMJ Open, 11, e039706. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039706
Journal - Research Article
Shackleton, N., Li, E., Gibb, S., Kvalsvig, A., Baker, M., Sporle, A., … Milne, B. J. (2021). The relationship between income poverty and child hospitalisations in New Zealand: Evidence from longitudinal household panel data and Census data. PLoS ONE, 16(1), e0243920. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243920
Journal - Research Article
Thomas, S., Bennett, J., Jack, S., Oliver, J., Purdie, G., Upton, A., & Baker, M. G. (2021). Descriptive analysis of group A Streptococcus in skin swabs and acute rheumatic fever, Auckland, New Zealand, 2010–2016. Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific, 8, 100101. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100101
Journal - Research Article