BA MB BChir (Cambridge) MPH PhD (Otago)
Research Professor; HEIRU
Contact details
Email simon.hales@otago.ac.nz
Research interests and activities
Simon is an environmental epidemiologist with an interest in the atmospheric environment and global issues.
Simon's current projects include:
- empirical modelling of air pollution and health
- assessing health aspects of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change
- estimating the global burden of disease attributable to climate change
- empirical modelling of communicable disease in relation to climate
- health co benefits of climate change mitigation
Publications
Kim, A. H. M., Stairmand, J., Pourzand, F., Bergen, T., Kokaua, J., McTavish, S., … Kvalsvig, A., … Atkinson, J., Zhang, J., Stanley, J., … Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2026). Denominator choice, age-standardization, and the epidemiology of enteric infection hospitalizations among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: Methodological implications for health equity research. Journal of Health Equity, 3(1), 2712533. doi: 10.1080/29944694.2026.2712533 Journal - Research Article
Wickham, L., Kuschel, G., & Hales, S. (2026). No real limits for air pollution in proposed RMA reform. The Briefing, (6 August). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/no-real-limits-air-pollution-proposed-rma-reform Journal - Research Other
Chambers, T., Dean, F., Klavs, J., Stanger, N., Kim, A., Hales, S., Douwes, J., Baker, M. G., & Deng, J. (2026). A national-scale historical assessment of nitrate in public drinking water supplies in New Zealand: Data integration and machine learning imputation approaches. Water Environment Research, 98(2), e70296. doi: 10.1002/wer.70296 Journal - Research Article
Huang, W., Yang, Z., Otto, C., Mengel, M., Hales, S., Zhang, Y., … MCC Collaborators. (2026). Assessing global factors associated with tropical cyclone-related mortality: A population-based longitudinal study. Environment International, 214, 110409. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2026.110409 Journal - Research Article
Mahendran, R., Xu, R., Zhang, L., Ye, T., Zhang, Y., Xu, Z., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2026). The hidden infectious disease-related sepsis risk of wildfire-specific PM2.5. Environmental Research, 306, 125212. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125212 Journal - Research Article
2026
Journal - Research Article
Kim, A. H. M., Stairmand, J., Pourzand, F., Bergen, T., Kokaua, J., McTavish, S., … Kvalsvig, A., … Atkinson, J., Zhang, J., Stanley, J., … Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2026). Denominator choice, age-standardization, and the epidemiology of enteric infection hospitalizations among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: Methodological implications for health equity research. Journal of Health Equity, 3(1), 2712533. doi: 10.1080/29944694.2026.2712533
Chambers, T., Dean, F., Klavs, J., Stanger, N., Kim, A., Hales, S., Douwes, J., Baker, M. G., & Deng, J. (2026). A national-scale historical assessment of nitrate in public drinking water supplies in New Zealand: Data integration and machine learning imputation approaches. Water Environment Research, 98(2), e70296. doi: 10.1002/wer.70296
Huang, W., Yang, Z., Otto, C., Mengel, M., Hales, S., Zhang, Y., … MCC Collaborators. (2026). Assessing global factors associated with tropical cyclone-related mortality: A population-based longitudinal study. Environment International, 214, 110409. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2026.110409
Mahendran, R., Xu, R., Zhang, L., Ye, T., Zhang, Y., Xu, Z., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2026). The hidden infectious disease-related sepsis risk of wildfire-specific PM2.5. Environmental Research, 306, 125212. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125212
Chambers, T., Kim, A. H. M., Dean, F., Bain, I., Douwes, J., Berry, M., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2026). Nitrate in drinking water and preterm birth: A national retrospective cohort study in New Zealand. Environmental Research, 306, 125169. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125169
Hosking, R. J., Richardson, A., Gray, D., Hales, S., Batikawai, S., & Lal, A. (2026). Evaluating the acceptability of a portable handwashing intervention (the Spatap) in three Fijian communities, a mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-28142-1
Yu, W., Xu, R., Huang, W., Yang, Z., Ye, T., Yu, P., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2026). Regional variations in emergency care vulnerability to summer heat. Nature Communications. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-73338-z
Wen, B., Wu, Y., Xu, R., Yu, P., Liu, Y., Yu, W., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2026). Mortality risk due to non-optimum temperatures by cause of death, age, and sex: A multi-country time-series study. eClinicalMedicine. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.103920
Yu, P., Xu, R., Huang, W., Liu, Y., Yang, Z., Abramson, M. J., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2026). Source-specific short-term-ozone exposure and specific cancer mortality risk: A multi-country study in 11,215 communities. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 508, 141822. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141822
Chambers, T., Hales, S., Pourzand, F., Dean, F., Kim, A. H. M., Puente-Sierra, M., … Baker, M. G. (2026). Drinking water quality and enteric disease: A nationwide case-crossover study (2015-2019) in New Zealand. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1038/s41370-026-00857-8
Peng, D., Xu, R., Hales, S., Morawska, L., Chen, G., Yang, Z., … Guo, Y. (2026). Decomposition of cross-country socioeconomic inequality in mortality by 288 causes of death and 84 risk factors from 1990 to 2021. Nature Communications, 17, 2586. doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70877-3
Wen, B., Ademi, Z., Wu, Y., Xu, R., Yu, P., Liu, Y., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2026). Future temperature-related labour loss due to premature deaths: A multi-country study. Environmental Research, 296, 124045. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.124045
Journal - Research Other
Wickham, L., Kuschel, G., & Hales, S. (2026). No real limits for air pollution in proposed RMA reform. The Briefing, (6 August). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/no-real-limits-air-pollution-proposed-rma-reform
Chambers, T., Kim, A., Dean, F., Bain, I., Douwes, J., Berry, M., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2026). Nitrate pollution of drinking water linked to preterm birth: New NZ study. The Briefing, (14 July). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/nitrate-pollution-drinking-water-linked-preterm-birth-new-nz-study
Chambers, T., Prickett, M., & Hales, S. (2026). Denmark to dramatically reduce limit for nitrate in drinking water: Should NZ do the same? The Briefing, (25 June). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/denmark-dramatically-reduce-limit-nitrate-drinking-water-should-nz-do-same
Hales, S., Prickett, M., & Baker, M. (2026). Climate change risk report exposes serious public health policy gaps. The Briefing, (25 May). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/climate-change-risk-report-exposes-serious-public-health-policy-gaps
Prickett, M., Doole, M., & Hales, S. (2026). Our drinking water sources have close to no protection in RMA replacement. The Briefing, (5 February). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/our-drinking-water-sources-have-close-no-protection-rma-replacement
Chua, P. L. C., Madaniyazi, L., Tobias, A., Ng, C. F. S., Phung, V. L. H., Pan, R., … Hales, S., & Hashizume, M. (2026). Climate and Enteric Diseases Research Project (ClimED) [Data Resource Profile]. International Journal of Epidemiology, 55(1), dyaf215. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyaf215
2025
Journal - Research Article
Yang, Z., Huang, W., McKenzie, J. E., Xu, R., Yu, P., Chen, G., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2025). Risk, burden, and trend of infectious disease hospitalisations associated with floods: A multicountry, time-series study. Lancet Planetary Health. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101411
Pan, R., Chua, P. L. C., Madaniyazi, L., Ng, C. F. S., Tobias, A., Guo, Q., … Hales, S., … Hashizume, M. (2025). The association between total precipitation and diarrhea morbidity: A multicountry study across diverse climate zones. Environmental Epidemiology, 9(6), e430. doi: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000430
Ye, T., Huang, W., Xu, Z., Xu, R., Yu, P., Wu, Y., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2025). Greenness and hospital admissions for cause specific mental disorders: Multicountry time series study. BMJ, 391, e084618. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2025-084618
Huang, W., Xu, R., Yang, Z., Otto, C., Hales, S., Hundessa, S., … Guo, Y. (2025). Cause specific mortality risks associated with tropical cyclones in multiple countries and territories: Two stage, time series study. BMJ, 391, e084906. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2025-084906
Zhou, S., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., Xu, R., Huang, W., Wu, Y., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2025). Impact of global short-term landscape fire sourced PM2.5 exposure on child cause-specific morbidity: A study in multiple countries and territories. Nature Communications, 16(1), 9347. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-64411-0
Hundessa, S., Huang, W., Xu, R., Yang, Z., Zhao, Q., Gasparrini, A., … Hales, S., … and Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network. (2025). Global excess deaths associated with heatwaves in 2023 and the contribution of human-induced climate change. Innovation, 6(10), 101110. doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101110
Huang, W., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Vogt, T., Park, J., Yu, W., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2025). Hospitalization risk and burden for cause-specific cardiovascular diseases following tropical cyclones: A multicountry study. Science Advances, 11, eeadr0800. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr0800
Yang, Z., Huang, W., McKenzie, J. E., Xu, R., Yu, P., Wu, Y., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2025). Hospitalization risks associated with floods in a multi-country study. Nature Water, 3(5), 561-570. doi: 10.1038/s44221-025-00425-8
Neale, P. J., Hylander, S., Banaszak, A. T., Häder, D.-P., Rose, K. C., Vione, D., … Hales, S., … Zepp, R. G. (2025). Environmental consequences of interacting effects of changes in stratospheric ozone, ultraviolet radiation, and climate: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2024. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s43630-025-00687-x
Pourzand, F., Kim, A. H. M., Chambers, T., Grout, L., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2025). Examining campylobacteriosis disease notification rates: Association with water supply characteristics. Environmental Research, 271, 121064. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121064
Prickett, M., Hales, S., Wilson, N., Kerr, J., Chambers, T., Grout, L., & Baker, M. G. (2025). Media discourse on drinking water before and after a major campylobacteriosis outbreak in New Zealand. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 41(4), 767-788. doi: 10.1080/07900627.2024.2441814
Journal - Research Other
Renwick, J., Hales, S., Priestley, R., & Woodward, A. (2025). Climate change is harming health: The need for urgent action. The Briefing, (8 October). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/climate-change-harming-health-need-urgent-action
Chambers, T., Prickett, M., & Hales, S. (2025). ECan's ‘Nitrate Emergency’: Good step but here is a more robust path for region's drinking water. The Briefing, (26 September). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/ecans-nitrate-emergency-good-step-here-more-robust-path-regions-drinking-water
Prickett, M., Joy, M., Doole, M., & Hales, S. (2025). Government cannot achieve “enduring freshwater policy” by siding with narrow commercial interests. The Briefing, (15 July). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/government-cannot-achieve-enduring-freshwater-policy-siding-narrow-commercial-interests
Baker, M., Kerr, J., Hales, S., & Chapman, R. (2025). Earth Overshoot Day: Should Aotearoa New Zealand be more like Uruguay? The Briefing, (30 April). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/earth-overshoot-day-should-aotearoa-new-zealand-be-more-uruguay
Pourzand, F., Chambers, T., Hales, S., & Baker, M. (2025). Unsafe waters: The hidden Campylobacter infection risk in rural New Zealand. The Briefing, (10 April). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/unsafe-waters-hidden-campylobacter-infection-risk-rural-new-zealand
Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles
Baker, M., Kerr, J., Broadbent, A., Hales, S., Prickett, M., & Wilson, N. (2025). Communicating public health evidence: Two highly productive years for the PHCC. The Briefing, (10 February). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/communicating-public-health-evidence-two-highly-productive-years-phcc
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Pourzand, F., Guo, Y., Chambers, T., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2025). Linking treated water contamination and campylobacteriosis risk using explainable machine learning. Proceedings of the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit. (pp. 54). Retrieved from https://www.teniwha.com
Pourzand, F., Kim, A. H. M., Chambers, T., Grout, L., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2025). Spatial modeling of campylobacteriosis notification rates in relation to drinking water supply characteristics. Proceedings of the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit. (pp. 47-48). Retrieved from https://www.teniwha.com
Hales, S., Chambers, T., Pourzand, F., Kim, A., & Baker, M. (2025). Association between heavy rainfall, dairy cattle density and campylobacteriosis (2015-2019). Proceedings of the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit. (pp. 47). Retrieved from https://www.teniwha.com
Chambers, T., Hales, S., & Pourzand, F. (2025). Drinking water quality and enteric disease: A nationwide case-crossover study (2015-2019) in New Zealand. Proceedings of the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit. (pp. 46-47). Retrieved from https://www.teniwha.com
Kim, A. H. M., Stanley, J., Ihaka, R., Chambers, T., Pourzand, F., McTavish, S., Atkinson, J., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2025). A population-based study of hospitalisation for acute gastroenteric infection in Aotearoa New Zealand (2010-2019). Proceedings of the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit. (pp. 46). Retrieved from https://www.teniwha.com
2024
Journal - Research Article
Xu, R., Ye, T., Huang, W., Yue, X., Morawska, L., Abramson, M. J., … Hales, S., … on behalf of the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network. (2024). Global, regional, and national mortality burden attributable to air pollution from landscape fires: A health impact assessment study. Lancet, 404, 2447-2459. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02251-7
Wen, B., Ademi, Z., Wu, Y., Xu, R., Yu, P., Liu, Y., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2024). Non-optimum temperatures led to labour productivity burden by causing premature deaths: A multi-country study. Environment International, 193, 109096. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109096
Lai, H., Lee, J. E., Harrington, L. J., Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., Newport, C., Bolton, A., … Hales, S. (2024). Daily temperatures and child hospital admissions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Case time series analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 21, 1236. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21091236
Huang, W., Vogt, T., Park, J., Yang, Z., Ritchie, E. A., Xu, R., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2024). Risks of infectious disease hospitalisations in the aftermath of tropical cyclones: A multi-country time-series study. Lancet Public Health, 8, e629-e639. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00158-X
Zhang, Y., Xu, R., Huang, W., Morawska, L., Johnston, F. H., Abramson, M., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2024). Short-term exposure to wildfire-specific PM2.5 and diabetes hospitalization: A study in multiple countries and territories. Diabetes Care, 47(9), 1664-1672. doi: 10.2337/dc24-0703
Chua, P. L. C., Tobias, A., Madaniyazi, L., Ng, C. F. S., Phung, V. L. H., Fu, S. H., … Hales, S., & Hashizume, M. (2024). Association between precipitation and mortality due to diarrheal diseases by climate zone: A multi-country modeling study. Environmental Epidemiology, 8, e320. doi: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000320
Zhang, Y., Xu, R., Huang, W., Morawska, L., Johnston, F. H., Abramson, M., … Hales, S., … Li, S. (2024). Short-term exposure to wildfire-specific PM2.5 and hospitalization for diabetes morbidity: A study in multiple countries and territories. Diabetes Care, 47(9), 1664-1672. doi: 10.2337/dc24-0703
Hundessa, S., Huang, W., Zhao, Q., Wu, Y., Wen, B., Alahmad, B., … Hales, S., … the MCC Collaborators. (2024). Global and regional cardiovascular mortality attributable to nonoptimal temperatures over time. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 83(23), 2276-2287. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.425
Grout, L., Hales, S., Baker, M. G., French, N., & Wilson, N. (2024). Severe weather events and cryptosporidiosis in Aotearoa New Zealand: A case series of space-time clusters. Epidemiology & Infection, 152, e64. doi: 10.1017/S095026882400058X
Yu, W., Xu, R., Ye, T., Abramson, M. J., Morawska, L., Jalaludin, B., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2024). Estimates of global mortality burden associated with short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2·5). Lancet Planetary Health, 8, e146-e155. doi: 10.1016/s2542-5196(24)00003-2
Huang, W., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Vogt, T., Armstrong, B., Yu, W., … Hales, S., Pourzand, F., … and MCC Collaborators. (2024). Tropical cyclone-specific mortality risks and the periods of concern: A multicountry time-series study. PLoS Medicine, 21(1), e1004341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004341
Prickett, M., Chambers, T., & Hales, S. (2024). When the first barrier fails: Public health and policy implications of nitrate contamination of a municipal drinking water source in Aotearoa New Zealand. Australasian Journal of Water Resources, 28(1), 64-73. doi: 10.1080/13241583.2023.2272324
Journal - Research Other
Prickett, M., Canning, A., Chambers, T., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2024). Regulator failure on nitrate in drinking water dumps escalating costs on those downstream. The Briefing, (27 September). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/regulator-failure-nitrate-drinking-water-dumps-escalating-costs-those-downstream
Hales, S., Prickett, M., Kerr, J., Walton, S., Sims, R., & Baker, M. (2024). Proposed Emissions Reduction Plan: A weak response to a weak target. The Briefing, (20 August). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/proposed-emissions-reduction-plan-weak-response-weak-target
Pourzand, F., Prickett, M., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2024). Clean ups are not enough: Government policy incoherent on climate change. The Briefing, (10 July). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/clean-ups-are-not-enough-government-policy-incoherent-climate-change
Grout, L., Hales, S., Baker, M., French, N., Prickett, M., & Wilson, N. (2024). Severe weather events linked to outbreaks of crypto in Aotearoa: New study. The Briefing, (27 May). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/severe-weather-events-linked-outbreaks-crypto-aotearoa-new-study
Prickett, M., Hales, S., Chambers, T., Baker, M., & Wilson, N. (2024). Another Havelock North? Govt undoing protections for drinking water safety. The Briefing, (7 May). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/another-havelock-north-govt-undoing-protections-drinking-water-safety
Prickett, M., Reuvecamp, I., Hales, S., & Baker, M. (2024). Fast-track Bill puts NZ on wrong track, threatening public health. The Briefing, (2 April). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/fast-track-bill-puts-nz-wrong-track-threatening-public-health
Royal, H., Mannetje, A., Hales, S., Douwes, J., Berry, M., & Chambers, T. (2024). Nitrate in drinking water and pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review of epidemiological evidence and proposed biological mechanisms. PLoS Water, 3(1), e0000214. doi: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000214
Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles
Baker, M., Kerr, J., Broadbent, A., Hales, S., Rawson-Te Patu, E., Prickett, M., Edwards, R., Cleghorn, C., & Wilson, N. (2024). Communicating public health evidence: A successful first year for the PHCC. The Briefing, (9 February). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/communicating-public-health-evidence-successful-first-year-phcc
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Pourzand, F., Hales, S., & Chambers, T. (2024). Associations between local 30-day averages of weather variables and notifications of Shiga toxin-producing E.coli in Aotearoa New Zealand 2010-2019. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). doi: 10.1289/isee.2024.1704
Lai, H., Lee, J. E., Hales, S., & the Health Research Council Grant Project Team. (2024). Spatial patterns of heat exposure and child hospital admissions in Aotearoa New Zealand. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE). doi: 10.1289/isee.2024.1869
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Hales, S. (2024, November). Examining campylobacteriosis rates: The impact of water supplies. Verbal presentation at the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit, Wellington, New Zealand.
2023
Journal - Research Article
Pourzand, F., Bolton, A., Salter, C., Hales, S., & Woodward, A. (2023). Health and climate change: Adaptation policy in Aotearoa New Zealand. Lancet Regional Health: Western Pacific, 40, 100954. doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100954
Huang, W., Li, S., Vogt, T., Xu, R., Tong, S., Molina, T., … Hales, S., … Guo, Y. (2023). Global short-term mortality risk and burden associated with tropical cyclones from 1980 to 2019: A multi-country time-series study. Lancet Planetary Health, 7(8). doi: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00143-2
Grout, L., Chambers, T., Hales, S., Prickett, M., Baker, M. G., & Wilson, N. (2023). The potential human health hazard of nitrates in drinking water: A media discourse analysis in a high-income country. Environmental Health, 22, 9. doi: 10.1186/s12940-023-00960-5
Graham, F. F., Kim, A. H. M., Baker, M. G., Fyfe, C., & Hales, S. (2023). Associations between meteorological factors, air pollution and Legionnaires' disease in New Zealand: Time series analysis. Atmospheric Environment, 296, 119572. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119572
Ammar, S. E., McIntyre, M., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2023). New Zealand travellers to high-risk destinations for arbovirus infection make little effort to avoid mosquito bites. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 53(2), 209-218. doi: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2071951
Journal - Research Other
Prickett, M., Macmillan, A., Wilson, N., Shaw, C., Cleghorn, C., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2023). The policy bonfire of environment protection: 10 examples that threaten public health. The Briefing, (15 December). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/policy-bonfire-environment-protection-10-examples-threaten-public-health
Baker, M., Prickett, M., Pourzand, F., Kerr, J., & Hales, S. (2023). Queenstown outbreak highlights future challenges for clean drinking water. The Briefing, (29 September). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/queenstown-outbreak-highlights-future-challenges-clean-drinking-water
Baker, M., Broadbent, A., Kerr, J., Prickett, M., Hales, S., & Wilson, N. (2023). More courage needed from our political parties: Reviewing our election series. The Briefing, (18 September). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/more-courage-needed-our-political-parties-reviewing-our-election-series
Prickett, M., Chambers, T., Wilson, N., Baker, M., Broadbent, A., Kerr, J., & Hales, S. (2023). Where do the parties stand? Protecting water sources and drinking water quality. The Briefing, (28 August). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/where-do-parties-stand-protecting-water-sources-and-drinking-water-quality
Prickett, M., Broadbent, A., Wilson, N., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2023). Emphasis on indigenous forests in ETS would benefit public health. The Briefing, (1 August). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/emphasis-indigenous-forests-ets-would-benefit-public-health
Prickett, M., Joy, M., Chambers, T., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2023). New report shows how regional plans could transform freshwater quality. The Briefing, (8 June). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/new-report-shows-how-regional-plans-could-transform-freshwater-quality
Prickett, M., Chambers, T., Kerr, J., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2023). When the first barrier fails: Strengthening protection for drinking water sources. The Briefing, (14 March). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/when-first-barrier-fails-strengthening-protection-drinking-water-sources
Woodward, A., Kerr, J., & Hales, S. (2023). Adaptation important but don't give up on mitigation: What the new IPCC report means for Aotearoa. The Briefing, (21 March). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/adaptation-important-dont-give-mitigation-what-new-ipcc-report-means-aotearoa
Baker, M., Wilson, N., Hales, S., Kerr, J., Broadbent, A., & Wall, T. (2023). Why Aotearoa New Zealand needs a Public Health Communication Centre. The Briefing, (9 February). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/why-aotearoa-new-zealand-needs-public-health-communication-centre
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Pourzand, F., & Hales, S. (2023). Impacts of extreme weather events on enteric infectious disease outbreaks: Evidence from New Zealand. Population Medicine, 5(Suppl.), (pp. 91). doi: 10.18332/popmed/165758
2022
Journal - Research Article
Graham, F. F., Finn, N., White, P., Hales, S., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Global perspective of Legionella infection in community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 19, 1907. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031907
Chambers, T., Joy, M., Wilson, N., Hales, S., & Baker, M. (2022). Quantifying the nitrate levels in bottled water in New Zealand. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 46(3), 322-324. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13196
Richards, J., Chambers, T., Hales, S., Joy, M., Radu, T., Woodward, A., Humphrey, A., Randal, E., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Nitrate contamination in drinking water and colorectal cancer: Exposure assessment and estimated health burden in New Zealand. Environmental Research, 204, 112322. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112322
Journal - Research Other
Chambers, T., Wilson, N., Hales, S., Prickett, M., Ellison, E., & Baker, M. G. (2022). Beyond muddy waters: Three Waters reforms required to future-proof water service delivery and protect public health in Aotearoa New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 135(1566), 87-95. Retrieved from https://journal.nzma.org.nz/
Chambers, T., Douwes, J., Mannetje, A., Woodward, A., Baker, M., Wilson, N., & Hales, S. (2022). Nitrate in drinking water and cancer risk: The biological mechanism, epidemiological evidence and future research. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 46(2), 105-108. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.13222
Other Research Output
Kerr, J., Wilson, N., Hales, S. (2022, July). Air pollution in Aotearoa NZ: Five key ways to reduce the massive health and social costs. Public Health Expert blog. Retrieved from https://blogs.otago.ac.nz/pubhealthexpert/air-pollution-in-aotearoa-nz-five-key-ways-to-reduce-the-massive-health-and-social-costs/
Chambers, T., Wilson, N., Hales, S., Prickett, M., Baker, M. (2022, July). Three Waters reforms are needed to protect public health and ensure changes are economically sustainable and efficient. Public Health Expert blog. Retrieved from https://blogs.otago.ac.nz/pubhealthexpert/three-waters-reforms-are-needed-to-protect-public-health-and-ensure-changes-are-economically-sustainable-and-efficient/
2021
Journal - Research Article
Hales, S., Atkinson, J., Metcalfe, J., Kuschel, G., & Woodward, A. (2021). Long term exposure to air pollution, mortality and morbidity in New Zealand: Cohort study. Science of the Total Environment, 801, 149660. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149660
Chua, P. L. C., Huber, V., Ng, C. F. S., Seposo, X. T., Madaniyazi, L., Hales, S., Woodward, A., & Hashizume, M. (2021). Global projections of temperature-attributable mortality due to enteric infections: A modelling study. Lancet Planetary Health, 5, e436-e445. doi: 10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00152-2
Ye, T., Guo, S., Xie, Y., Chen, Z., Abramson, M. J., Heyworth, J., Hales, S., … Li, S. (2021). Health and related economic benefits associated with reduction in air pollution during COVID-19 outbreak in 367 cities in China. Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety, 222, 112481. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112481
Ammar, S. E., McIntyre, M., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2021). Imported arboviral infections in New Zealand, 2001 to 2017: A risk factor for local transmission. Travel Medicine & Infectious Disease, 41, 102047. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102047
Journal - Research Other
Chambers, T., Hales, S., & Anglemyer, A. (2021). Correction: Nitrate-nitrite exposure through drinking water and diet and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Clinical Nutrition, 40, 5443-5444. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.027
Chambers, T., Hales, S., Shaw, C., Baker, M., Ball, J., Cleghorn, C., & Wilson, N. (2021). New Zealand's Climate Change Commission report: The critical need to address the missing health co-benefits of reducing emissions. New Zealand Medical Journal, 134(1542), 109-118. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Other Research Output
Chambers, T., Hales, S., Ball, J., Baker, M., Cleghorn, C., & Wilson, N. (2021). Health co-benefits need to be adequately considered in the Climate Change Commission's final advice. The Briefing, (20 June). Retrieved from https://www.phcc.org.nz/briefing/health-co-benefits-need-be-adequately-considered-climate-change-commissions-final-advice
2020
Journal - Research Article
Lai, H., Hales, S., Woodward, A., Walker, C., Marks, E., Pillai, A., … Morton, S. M. (2020). Effects of heavy rainfall on waterborne disease hospitalizations among young children in wet and dry areas of New Zealand. Environment International, 145, 106136. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106136
Tuyet Hanh, T. T., Huong, L. T. T., Huong, N. T. L., Linh, T. N. Q., Quyen, N. H., Nhung, N. T. T., … Hales, S., … Van Minh, H. (2020). Vietnam Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, 2018. Environmental Health Insights, 14, 1-11. doi: 10.1177/1178630220924658
Graham, F. F., Hales, S., White, P. S., & Baker, M. G. (2020). Global seroprevalence of legionellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 10, 7337. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63740-y
Journal - Research Other
Hess, J. J., Ranadive, N., Boyer, C., Aleksandrowicz, L., Anenberg, S. C., Aunan, K., … Hales, S., … Ebi, K. L. (2020). Guidelines for modeling and reporting health effects of climate change mitigation actions. Environmental Health Perspectives, 128(11), 115001. doi: 10.1289/ehp6745
Grout, L., Baker, M. G., French, N., & Hales, S. (2020). A review of potential public health impacts associated with the global dairy sector. GeoHealth, 4, e2019GH000213. doi: 10.1029/2019GH000213
2019
Journal - Research Article
Ammar, S. E., McIntyre, M., Swan, T., Kasper, J., Derraik, J. G. B., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2019). Intercepted mosquitoes at New Zealand's ports of entry, 2001 to 2018: Current status and future concerns. Tropical Medicine & Infectious Disease, 4(3), 101. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4030101
Journal - Research Other
Hales, S. (2019). Climate change, extreme rainfall events, drinking water and enteric disease. Reviews on Environmental Health, 34(1), 1-3. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2019-2001
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Ammar, S. E., McIntyre, M., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2019, December). Increasing risk of imported arboviral infections in New Zealand, 2001 to 2017. Poster session presented at the 5th One Health Aotearoa (OHA) Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Grout, L., French, N., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2019, December). Zoonotic diseases, livestock densities, social and environmental factors in New Zealand. Verbal presentation at the 5th One Health Aotearoa (OHA) Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
Ammar, S. E., McIntyre, M., Swan, T., Kasper, J., Derraik, J. G. B., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2019, December). Intercepted mosquitoes at New Zealand's ports of entry, 2001 to 2018: Current status and future concerns. Verbal presentation at the 5th One Health Aotearoa (OHA) Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
2018
Journal - Research Article
Schnitter, R., Verret, M., Berry, P., Fook, T. C. T., Hales, S., Lal, A., & Edwards, S. (2018). An assessment of climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation in Dominica. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 16(1), 70. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16010070
Allan, P. D., Palmer, C., Chan, F., Lyons, R., Nicholson, O., Rose, M., Hales, S., & Baker, M. G. (2018). Food safety labelling of chicken to prevent campylobacteriosis: Consumer expectations and current practices. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 414. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5322-z
Shaw, C., Hales, S., Edwards, R., Howden-Chapman, P., & Stanley, J. (2018). What can fuel price increases tell us about the air pollution health co-benefits of a carbon price? Journal of Transport & Health, 8, 81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.11.002
Lal, A., Marshall, J., Benschop, J., Brock, A., Hales, S., Baker, M. G., & French, N. P. (2018). A Bayesian spatio-temporal framework to identify outbreaks and examine environmental and social risk factors for infectious diseases monitored by routine surveillance. Spatial & Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 25, 39-48. doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2017.10.004
Journal - Research Other
Grout, L., Hales, S., French, N., & Baker, M. G. (2018). A review of methods for assessing the environmental health impacts of an agricultural system. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 15, 1315. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071315
Conference Contribution - Poster Presentation (not in published proceedings)
Ammar, S., McIntyre, M., Baker, M., & Hales, S. (2018, December). Arbovirus vector mosquitoes intercepted at New Zealand ports of entry, 2001 to 2018. Poster session presented at the 4th One Health Aotearoa (OHA) Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Grout, L., Hales, S., French, N., & Baker, M. G. (2018, December). Dairy cattle exposure and zoonotic disease in New Zealand. Verbal presentation at the 4th One Health Aotearoa (OHA) Symposium, Wellington, New Zealand.
Working Paper; Discussion Paper; Technical Report
Lloyd, S. J., & Hales, S. (2018). Challenges and gaps in assessing impacts of climate change on health in rural areas: Background paper for Expert Group Meeting on Eradicating Rural Poverty to Implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 28p. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/egm-rural-poverty.html/
2017
Journal - Research Article
Lal, A., Hashizume, M., & Hales, S. (2017). Indian Ocean Dipole and cryptosporidiosis in Australia: Short-term and nonlinear associations. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(14), 8119-8127. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05146
Journal - Research Other
Swinburn, B., Vandevijvere, S., on behalf of submitting health professors, including Hornblow, A., Taylor, B., Drummond, B., Murdoch, D., Mangin, D., Sarfati, D., Sellman, D., Sopoaga, F., Thomson, G., Abel, G., Hoek, J., Connor, J., Krebs, J., Mann, J., McCall, J., Broughton, J., Toop, L., Signal, L., Beckert, L., Farella, M., Baker, M., Keall, M., Skeaff, M., Thomson, M., Wilson, N., Chandler, N., Priest, P., Brunton, P., Crampton, P., Gendall, P., Howden-Chapman, P., Taylor, R., Edwards, R., Gauld, R., McGee, R., Mulder, R., Derrett, S., Hales, S., Pullon, S., & Blakely, T. (2017). Proposed new industry code on unhealthy food marketing to children and young people: Will it make a difference? New Zealand Medical Journal, 130(1450), 94-101. Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Hales, S. (2017). One earth, one health? Proceedings of the 3rd One Health Aotearoa Symposium. Retrieved from https://onehealth.org.nz
Shaw, C., Hales, S., Edwards, R., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2017). Health co-benefits of policies to mitigate climate change in the transport sector: Systematic review. Journal of Transport & Health, 5(Suppl.), (pp. S107-S108). doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2017.05.268
2016
Chapter in Book - Research
Butler, C. D., Hales, S., Beggs, P. J., & Ebi, K. L. (2016). From Paris towards 1.5 degrees C. In C. D. Butler (Ed.), Climate change and global health. (Revised reprint ed.) (pp. 293-305). Wallingford, UK: CABI International.
Chapter in Book - Other
Bambrick, H., & Hales, S. (2016). Dengue: Distribution and transmission dynamics with climate change. In Climate change and global health. (Revised reprint ed.) (pp. 77-84). Wallingford, UK: CABI International.
Journal - Research Article
Lal, A., Dobbins, T., Bagheri, N., Baker, M. G., French, N. P., & Hales, S. (2016). Cryptosporidiosis risk in New Zealand children under 5 years old is greatest in areas with high dairy cattle densities. EcoHealth, 13(4), 652-660. doi: 10.1007/s10393-016-1187-8
McIver, L., Kim, R., Woodward, A., Hales, S., Spickett, J., Katscherian, D., … Ebi, K. L. (2016). Health impacts of climate change in Pacific Island countries: A regional assessment of vulnerabilities and adaption priorities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124(11), 1707-1714. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1509756
Hales, S., Lesher-Trevino, A., Ford, N., Maher, D., Ramsey, A., & Tran, N. (2016). Reporting guidelines for implementation and operational research. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94, 58-64. doi: 10.2471/BLT.15.167585
Lal, A., Hales, S., Kirk, M., Baker, M. G., & French, N. P. (2016). Spatial and temporal variation in the association between temperature and salmonellosis in NZ. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 40(2), 165-169. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12413
2015
Journal - Research Article
Pega, F., Shaw, C., Rasanathan, K., Yablonski, J., Kawachi, I., & Hales, S. (2015). Climate change, cash transfers and health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 93(8), 559-565. doi: 10.2471/BLT.14.150037
Telfar Barnard, L. F., Baker, M. G., Hales, S., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2015). Novel use of three administrative datasets to establish a cohort for environmental health research. BMC Public Health, 15, 246. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1580-1
Lal, A., Lill, A. W. T., McIntyre, M., Hales, S., Baker, M. G., & French, N. P. (2015). Environmental change and enteric zoonoses in New Zealand: A systematic review of the evidence. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 39(1), 63-68. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12274
Lal, A., & Hales, S. (2015). Heterogeneity in hotspots: Spatio-temporal patterns in neglected parasitic diseases. Epidemiology & Infection, 143(03), 631-639. doi: 10.1017/s0950268814001101
2014
Chapter in Book - Research
Bambrick, H., & Hales, S. (2014). Dengue: Distribution and transmission dynamics with climate change. In C. D. Butler (Ed.), Climate change and global health. (pp. 77-84). Abingdon, UK: CAB International.
Journal - Research Article
Bennett, H., Jones, R., Keating, G., Woodward, A., Hales, S., & Metcalfe, S. (2014). Health and equity impacts of climate change in Aotearoa-New Zealand, and health gains from climate action [Special article]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1406). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Xiang, F., Lucas, R., Hales, S., & Neale, R. (2014). Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ambient UV radiation in white populations, 1978-2012: Empirical relationships. JAMA Dermatology, 150(10), 1063-1071. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.762
Shaw, C., Hales, S., Howden-Chapman, P., & Edwards, R. (2014). Health co-benefits of climate change mitigation policies in the transport sector. Nature Climate Change, 4(6), 427-433. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2247
Honda, Y., Kondo, M., McGregor, G., Kim, H., Guo, Y.-L., Hijioka, Y., … Hales, S., & Kovats, R. S. (2014). Heat-related mortality risk model for climate change impact projection. Environmental Health & Preventive Medicine, 19(1), 56-63. doi: 10.1007/s12199-013-0354-6
Journal - Research Other
Woodward, A., & Hales, S. (2014). The past and future of coal. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38(2), 103-104. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12215
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Telfar Barnard, L., Baker, M., Hales, S., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2014). New Zealand excess winter hospitalisation: An opportunity for disease prevention? Proceedings of the New Zealand Population Health Congress: Connecting Communities, Policy and Science. (pp. 311). Retrieved from http://www.pophealthcongress.org.nz/nzphc14/programme/programme
Shaw, C., Hales, S., Howden-Chapman, P., & Edwards, R. (2014). Health co-benefits of policies to mitigate climate change in the transport sector: Systematic review. Proceedings of the New Zealand Population Health Congress: Connecting Communities, Policy and Science. (pp. 115). Retrieved from http://www.pophealthcongress.org.nz/nzphc14/programme/programme
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Hales, S. (2014, November). Climate change vulnerability and adaptation assessments in Asia-Pacific countries. Verbal presentation at the 7th Annual Otago International Health Research Network (OIHRN) Conference, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Commissioned Report for External Body
Hales, S., Kovats, S., Lloyd, S., & Campbell-Lendrum, D. (2014). Quantitative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s. Commissioned by World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 115p.
2013
Journal - Research Article
Lal, A., Ikeda, T., French, N., Baker, M. G., & Hales, S. (2013). Climate variability, weather and enteric disease incidence in new Zealand: Time series analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83484. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083484
O'Sullivan, K. C., Howden-Chapman, P. L., Stanley, J., & Hales, S. (2013). Kids in the cold: Outcomes for New Zealand households with children using prepayment metering for electricity. New Zealand Medical Journal, 126(1371). Retrieved from http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
Lal, A., Baker, M. G., Hales, S., & French, N. P. (2013). Potential effects of global environmental changes on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis transmission. Trends in Parasitology, 29(2), 83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.10.005
O'Sullivan, K. C., Howden-Chapman, P. L., Fougere, G. M., Hales, S., & Stanley, J. (2013). Empowered? Examining self-disconnection in a postal survey of electricity prepayment meter consumers in New Zealand. Energy Policy, 52, 277-287. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.020
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Cotterill, L., Kjellström, T., Hales, S., & Bierre, S. (2013). Exploring the experiences and responses of heat among workers in the sheep shearing industry [Minipaper]. In J. D. Cotter, S. J. E. Lucas & T. Mündel (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Environmental Ergonomics (ICEE). (pp. 40-41). International Society for Environmental Ergonomics. [Full Paper]
2012
Journal - Research Article
Åström, C., Rocklöv, J., Hales, S., Béguin, A., Louis, V., & Sauerborn, R. (2012). Potential distribution of Dengue fever under scenarios of climate change and economic development. EcoHealth, 9(4), 448-454. doi: 10.1007/s10393-012-0808-0
Lal, A., Hales, S., French, N., & Baker, M. G. (2012). Seasonality in human zoonotic enteric diseases: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e31883. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031883
Lal, A., Baker, M. G., French, N. P., Dufour, M., & Hales, S. (2012). The epidemiology of human salmonellosis in New Zealand, 1997-2008. Epidemiology & Infection, 140(9), 1685-1694. doi: 10.1017/s0950268811002470
Hales, S., Blakely, T., & Woodward, A. (2012). Air pollution and mortality in New Zealand: Cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 66(5), 468-473. doi: 10.1136/jech.2010.112490
Hales, S., Blakely, T., Foster, R. H., Baker, M. G., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2012). Seasonal patterns of mortality in relation to social factors. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 66, 379-384. doi: 10.1136/jech.2010.111864
Working Paper; Discussion Paper; Technical Report
Armenteras, D., Finlayson, C. M., Agard, J., Butchart, S. H. M., Carino, J., Cheung, W. W. L., … Hales, S., … Morales Rivas, M. (2012). Biodiversity. In Global Environment Outlook: Environment for the future we want. (pp. 133-166). United Nations Environment Program. [Report Contribution].
2011
Chapter in Book - Research
Hales, S., Lucas, R., & McMichael, A. J. (2011). Global environmental hazards. In B. S. Levy, D. H. Wegman, S. L. Baron & R. K. Sokas (Eds.), Occupational and environmental health: Recognizing and preventing disease and injury. (6th ed.) (pp. 98-118). New York: Oxford University Press.
Journal - Research Article
Béguin, A., Hales, S., Rocklöv, J., Åström, C., Louis, V. R., & Sauerborn, R. (2011). The opposing effects of climate change and socio-economic development on the global distribution of malaria. Global Environmental Change, 21(4), 1209-1214. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.06.001
Wilson, N., Slaney, D., Baker, M. G., Hales, S., & Britton, E. (2011). Climate change and infectious diseases in New Zealand: A brief review and tentative research agenda. Reviews on Environmental Health, 26(2), 93-99. doi: 10.1515/REVEH.2011.013
Journal - Research Other
Hales, S., & Edwards, R. (2011). Cardiovascular effects of exposure to air pollution: Causal pathways of toxicity may depend on the duration of exposure [Editorial]. BMJ, 343, d5814. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5814
Longley, I., & Hales, S. (2011). Does health evidence support or undermine our regulatory approach to air quality? [Letter]. New Zealand Medical Journal, 124(1334). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/124-1334/4649/content.pdf
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
van Kleef, E., Bambrick, H., & Hales, S. (2011). The global distribution of dengue: Past, present and future impacts of climate change. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 65(Suppl. 1), (pp. A324). doi: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976k.97
Telfar Barnard, L., Baker, M., Hales, S., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2011). Death and hospitalisation have different seasonality. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 65(Suppl. 1), (pp. A465). doi: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976q.11
2010
Journal - Research Article
Britton, E., Hales, S., Venugopal, K., & Baker, M. G. (2010). The impact of climate variability and change on cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis rates in New Zealand. Journal of Water & Health, 8(3), 561-571. doi: 10.2166/wh.2010.049
Britton, E., Hales, S., Venugopal, K., & Baker, M. G. (2010). Positive association between ambient temperature and salmonellosis notifications in New Zealand, 1965-2006. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34(2), 126-129. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00495.x
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Hales, S. (2010, September). Forecasting weather and health. Verbal presentation at the Fourth Annual Division of Health Sciences Research Forum, Dunedin, New Zealand.
2009
Authored Book - Research
Analitis, A., Becker, P., Biggeri, A., Bouchama, A., De'Donato, F., D'Ippoliti, D., … Hales, S., … Wolf, T. (2009). Improving public health responses to extreme weather/heat-waves: EuroHEAT. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization, 60p.
Journal - Research Article
Metcalfe, S., Woodward, A., Macmillan, A., Baker, M., Howden-Chapman, P., Lindsay, G., Hales, S., … Jaine, R., … Edwards, R., … for the New Zealand Climate and Health Group. (2009). Why New Zealand must rapidly halve its greenhouse gas emissions. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1304). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1304/3827/content.pdf
McMichael, A. J., Neira, M., Bertollini, R., Campbell-Lendrum, D., & Hales, S. (2009). Climate change: A time of need and opportunity for the health sector. Lancet, 374(9707), 2123-2125. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62031-6
Markandya, A., Armstrong, B. G., Hales, S., Chiabai, A., Criqui, P., Mima, S., … Wilkinson, P. (2009). Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions: Low-carbon electricity generation. Lancet, 374(9706), 2006-2015. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61715-3
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Mann, S., Baker, M., Hales, S., Kamalesh, V., Telfar Barnard, L., Zhang, J., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2009). Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in New Zealand is higher in winter in all disease subcategories. Heart, Lung & Circulation, 18(Suppl. 3), (pp. S256). doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.631
Mann, S., Baker, M., Hales, S., Kamalesh, V., Telfar Barnard, L., Zhang, J., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2009). Excess winter cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in New Zealand is seen in all disease subcategories. Heart, Lung & Circulation, 18(Suppl. 2), (pp. S21-S22). doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.04.050
2008
Edited Book - Research
Matthies, F., Bickler, G., Cardeñosa Marín, N., & Hales, S. (Eds.). (2008). Heat-Health action plans. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organisation, 45p.
Journal - Research Article
Telfar Barnard, L. F., Baker, M. G., Hales, S., & Howden-Chapman, P. L. (2008). Excess winter morbidity and mortality: Do housing and socio-economic status have an effect? Reviews on Environmental Health, 23(3), 203-221.
Kingham, S., Fisher, G., Hales, S., Wilson, I., & Bartie, P. (2008). An empirical model for estimating census unit population exposure in areas lacking air quality monitoring. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 18(2), 200-210.
2007
Journal - Research Article
Cazelles, B., Chavez, M., de Magny, G. C., Guégan, J.-F., & Hales, S. (2007). Time-dependent spectral analysis of epidemiological time-series with wavelets. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 4(15), 625-636. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2007.0212
Hales, S., Baker, M., Howden-Chapman, P., Menne, B., Woodruff, R., & Woodward, A. (2007). Implications of global climate change for housing, human settlements and public health. Reviews on Environmental Health, 22(4), 295-302.
Davie, G. S., Baker, M. G., Hales, S., & Carlin, J. B. (2007). Trends and determinants of excess winter mortality in New Zealand: 1980 to 2000. BMC Public Health, 7, 263. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-263
Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles
Hales, S., & Howden-Chapman, P. (2007). Effects of air pollution on health: Quantifying the effect alone is not enough to change policy and improve health. BMJ, 335, 314-315. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39304.389433.AD
2006
Chapter in Book - Research
McMichael, A. J., Hales, S., & Lucas, R. M. (2006). Global environmental changes. In B. S. Levy, D. H. Wegman, S. L. Baron & R. K. Sokas (Eds.), Occupational and environmental health: Recognizing and preventing disease and injury. (5th ed.) (pp. 451-470). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Journal - Research Article
Hales, S., & Corvalan, C. (2006). Public health emergency on planet earth: Insights from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. EcoHealth, 3(3), 130-135.
McMichael, A. J., Woodruff, R. E., & Hales, S. (2006). Climate change and human health: Present and future risks. Lancet, 367(11), 859-869. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68079-3
Cazelles, B., & Hales, S. (2006). Infectious diseases, climate influences, and nonstationarity. PLoS Medicine, 3(8), 1212-1213.
Journal - Research Other
Woodruff, R. E., McMichael, A. J., & Hales, S. (2006). Action on climate change: No time to delay [Editorial]. Medical Journal of Australia, 184(11), 539-540.
2005
Edited Book - Research
Howden-Chapman, P., Hales, S., Chapman, R., & Keskimäki, I. (Eds.). (2005). The impact of economic recession on youth suicide: A comparison of New Zealand and Finland. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health, 33p. Retrieved from http://www.moh.govt.nz
Journal - Research Article
Kovats, R. S., Edwards, S. J., Charron, D., Cowden, J., D'Souza, R. M., Ebi, K. L., … Hales, S., … Schmid, H. (2005). Climate variability and campylobacter infection: An international study. International Journal of Biometeorology, 49(4), 207-214.
Hales, S. E., & van Panhuis, W. (2005). A new strategy for dengue control. Lancet, 365(9459), 551-552.
Cazelles, B., Chavez, M., McMichael, A. J., & Hales, S. E. (2005). Nonstationary influence of El Niño on the synchronous dengue epidemics in Thailand. PLoS Medicine, 2(4), e106. Retrieved from http://medicine.plosjournals.org/archive/1549-1676/2/4/pdf/10f
Blakely, T., Hales, S., Kieft, C., Wilson, N., & Woodward, A. (2005). The global distribution of risk factors by poverty level. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83(2), 118-126.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Hales, S., Sabel, C. E., Exeter, D. J., Crane, J., & Woodward, A. (2005). Clustering of childhood asthma hospital admissions in New Zealand, 1999-2004. In P. A. Whigham (Ed.), Proceedings of the 17th Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre. (pp. 15-26). Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago. [Full Paper]
Commissioned Report for External Body
Howden-Chapman, P., Hales, S., Chapman, R., & Keskimäki, I. (2005). The impact of economic recession on youth suicide: A comparison of New Zealand and Finland. Commissioned by Ministry of Health. Wellington, New Zealand. 33p.
Fisher, G., Kjellstrom, T., Woodward, A., Hales, S. E., Town, G. I., Sturman, A. P., … O'Dea, D., … Epton, M., … Spronken-Smith, R. A., … Dawson, R., … Donnelly, P. D. (2005). Health and air pollution in New Zealand: Christchurch pilot study. Commissioned by Health Research Council, Ministry for the Environment & Ministry of Transport. New Zealand: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research.
Reid, W. V., Mooney, H. A., . . ., Hales, S. E., & et al (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Commissioned by Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Panel. Washington DC, USA: World Resources Institute/Island Press. 137p.
2004
Chapter in Book - Research
Blakely, T. A., Hales, S., Kieft, C. E., Wilson, N., & Woodward, A. (2004). Distribution of risk factors by poverty. In M. Ezzati, A. D. Lopez, A. Rodgers & C. J. L. Murray (Eds.), Comparative quantification of health risks: Volume 2: Global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. (pp. 1941-2127). Geneva: World Health Organization.
Journal - Research Article
Rodgers, A., Ezzati, M., Vander Hoorn, S., Lopez, A. D., Lin, R.-B., Murray, C. J. L., Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group, including Blakely, T., Hales, S., Kieft, C., & Wilson, N. (2004). Distribution of major health risks: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. PLoS Medicine, 1(1), e27. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0010027
Hales, S. (2004). Precautionary health risk assessment: Case study of biological insecticides. EcoHealth, 1(4), 399-403. doi: 10.1007/s10393-004-0102-x
Hales, S., Butler, C., Woodward, A., & Corvalan, C. (2004). Health aspects of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. EcoHealth, 1(2), 124-128. doi: 10.1007/s10393-004-0085-7
Commissioned Report for External Body
Blakely, T., Hales, S., & Woodward, A. (2004). Poverty: Assessing the distribution of health risks by socioeconomic position at national and local levels (Environmental Burden of Disease Series, No. 10). Commissioned by World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO. 33p.
2003
Chapter in Book - Research
Hales, S. E., Edwards, S. J., & Kovats, R. S. (2003). Impacts on health of climate extremes. In A. J. McMichael, D. H. Campbell-Lendrum, C. F. Corvalán, K. L. Ebi, A. Githeko, J. D. Scheraga & A. Woodward (Eds.), Climate change and human health - Risks and responses. (pp. 79-102). Geneva: World Health Organization.
Journal - Research Article
Ezzati, M., Vander Hoorn, S., Rodgers, A., Lopez, A. D., Mathers, C. D., Murray, C. J. L., and the Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group, including Blakely, T., Hales, S., … Wilson, N., & Woodward, A. (2003). Estimates of global and regional potential health gains from reducing multiple major risk factors. Lancet, 362, 271-280. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13968-2
Hales, S. E., Black, W., Skelly, W. C., Salmond, C. E., & Weinstein, P. (2003). Social deprivation and the public health risks of community drinking water supplies in New Zealand. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 57, 581-583.
Hales, S. E., & Woodward, A. (2003). Climate change will increase demands on malaria control in Africa. Lancet, 362(9398), 1775.
Woodward, A., & Hales, S. E. (2003). Weather, climate, climate change and human health. Applied Environmental Science & Public Health, 1(1), 3-7.
2002
Journal - Research Article
Woodward, A., Hales, S. E., & De Wet, N. (2002). What does climate change mean for human health? Pacific Ecologist, March, 15-18.
Woodward, A. J., Hales, S., & Hill, S. E. (2002). The motor car and public health. Medical Journal of Australia, 177, 592-593.
Hales, S. E., De Wet, N., Maindonald, J., & Woodward, A. (2002). The global distribution of dengue fever: Potential impact of population and climate changes. Lancet, 360, 830-834.
Commissioned Report for External Body
Blakely, T. A., Hales, S. E., Kieft, C. E., Wilson, N. C., & Woodward, A. (2002). The global distribution of risk factors by poverty: A complementary CRA. Commissioned by World Health Organisation. Wellington: Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine. 259p.
2001
Journal - Research Article
De Wet, N., Ye, W., Hales, S. E., Warrick, R., Woodward, A., & Weinstein, P. (2001). Use of a computer model to identify potential hotspots for dengue fever in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 114, 420-422.
Singh, R., Hales, S. E., De Wet, N., Raj, R., Hearnden, M. N., & Weinstein, P. (2001). The influence of climate variation and change on diarrheal disease in the Pacific Islands. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109, 155-159.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Blakely, T. A., Hales, S. E., Kieft, C., & Woodward, A. (2001). The distribution of risk factors by poverty status. Global Burden of Disease Workshop. Geneva: World Health Organisation. [Abstract]
Commissioned Report for External Body
Fisher, G. W., Rolfe, K., Kjellstrom, T., Woodward, A., Hales, S., Sturman, A. P., … King, D. (2001). Health effects due to motor vehicle air pollution in New Zealand. Commissioned by Ministry of Transport. Wellington: Ministry of Transport. 71p.
Woodward, A., Hales, S. E., & De Wet, N. (2001). Impact of Climate Change on Human Health in New Zealand. Commissioned by Ministry for the Environment. Wellington. 27p.
Hales, S. E. (2001). Dioxins: Laypersons Summary of Health Risk Appraisal. Commissioned by New Zealand Ministry for the Environment. Wellington: Ministry for the Environment. 5p.
2000
Chapter in Book - Research
De Wet, N., & Hales, S. E. (2000). Human health. In T. Taeuea, I. Ubaitoi, N. De Wet & G. Kenny (Eds.), Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment for Kiribati. (pp. 112-130). Hamilton: University of Waikato, IGCI, SPREP, PICCAP.
Journal - Research Article
Woodward, A., Hales, S. E., Litidamu, N., Phillips, D. P., & Martin, J. (2000). Protecting human health in a changing world: The role of social and economic development. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78, 1148-1155.
Hales, S. E., Salmond, C. E., Town, G. I., Kjellstrom, T., & Woodward, A. (2000). Daily mortality in relation to weather and air pollution in Christchurch, New Zealand. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 24, 89-91.
Hales, S. E., Kovats, S., & Woodward, A. (2000). What El Niño can tell us about human health and global climate change. Global Change & Human Health, 1(1), 66-77.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Hales, S. E., Salmond, C. E., Exeter, D., Purvis, M. K., Woodward, A., & Kjellstrom, T. (2000). Spatial patterns of mortality in relation to particulate air pollution in Christchurch, 1988-1997. In P. A. Whigham (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre. (pp. 37-43). Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago Press. [Full Paper]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Singh, R., Raj, R., De Wet, N., & Hales, S. E. (2000). The influence of climate variation and change on diarrhoeal disease in the Pacific Islands. Proceedings of the Pacific Islands Conference on Climate Change, Climate Variability and Sea Level Rise. (pp. 21). [Abstract]
Commissioned Report for External Body
McMichael, A., Githeko, A., Martens, P., Kovats, S., Patz, J., Woodward, A., … Hales, S. E., … Smith, K. (2000). Special Report on Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer. Commissioned by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 54p.
1999
Journal - Research Article
Salmond, C. E., Crampton, P., Hales, S. E., Lewis, S., & Pearce, N. E. (1999). Asthma prevalence and deprivation: a small area analysis. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 53, 476-480.
Hales, S. E., Weinstein, P., & Woodward, A. (1999). Ciguatera fish poisoning, El Niño, and Pacific sea surface temperatures. Ecosystem Health, 5, 20-25.
Hales, S. E., Weinstein, P., Souares, Y., & Woodward, A. (1999). El Niño and the dynamics of vectorborne disease transmission. Environmental Health Perspectives, 107, 99-102.
Maelzer, D. A., Hales, S. E., Weinstein, P., Zalucki, M., & Woodward, A. (1999). El Niño and arboviral disease prediction. Environmental Health Perspectives, 107(10), 817-818.
Hales, S. E., Howden-Chapman, P. L., Salmond, C. E., Woodward, A., & Mackenbach, J. (1999). National infant mortality rates in relation to gross national product and distribution of income. Lancet, 354(9195), 2047.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Hales, S. E., & Hearnden, M. N. (1999). Modelling the potential distribution of disease vectors in New Zealand. A case study of Aedes camptorhynchus. 11th Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre. (pp. 43-50). Dunedin: University of Otago. [Full Paper]
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Hales, S. E., Weinstein, P., & Woodward, A. (1999). Fish poisoning and El Niño. Proceedings of the Environmental Indicators Symposium. Dunedin.: University of Otago. [Abstract]
1998
Journal - Research Article
Hales, S. E., Lewis, S., Slater, T. M. M., Crane, J., & Pearce, N. E. (1998). Prevalence of adult asthma symptoms in relation to climate in New Zealand. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106, 607-610.
Woodward, A., Hales, S. E., & Weinstein, P. (1998). Climate change and human health in the Asia Pacific: who will be most vulnerable? Climate Research, 11, 31-38.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Hales, S. E., Zhou, Q. Q., Lewis, S., & Purvis, M. K. (1998). Connectionist modelling of asthma incidence in New Zealand. In P. Firns (Ed.), 10th Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre (SIRC'98). (pp. 111-117). Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago. [Full Paper]
1997
Journal - Research Article
Hales, S. E., Weinstein, P., & Woodward, A. (1997). Public health impacts of global climate change. Reviews on Environmental Health, 12(3), 191-199.
Lewis, S., Hales, S. E., Slater, T. M. M., Pearce, N. E., Crane, J., & Beasley, C. R. (1997). Geographical variation in the prevalence of asthma symptoms in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 110(1049), 286-289.
1996
Journal - Research Article
Hales, S. E., Weinstein, P., & Woodward, A. (1996). Dengue fever epidemics in the South Pacific: driven by El Nino Southern Oscillation? Lancet, 348(9042), 1664-1665.
1995
Journal - Research Article
Hales, S. E., Woodward, A., & Guest, C. S. (1995). Climate change in the South Pacific region: priorities for public health research. Australian Journal of Public Health, 19, 543-545.