Professor Jon Waters
Email jon.waters@otago.ac.nz
Phone 64-3-479-5847

Teaching
- CELS 191 Cell and Molecular Biology
- BIOL 112 Animal Biology
- GENE 222 Genes, Chromosomes and Populations
- GENE 312 Evolutionary Genetics
- GENE 360 Special Topics in Genetics
- GENE 411 Current Topics in Genetics
- ZOOL 410 Evolutionary Genetics
Research Interests

- Extinction and recolonization - ancient DNA
- Rates of molecular evolution
- Kelp-Rafting and Southern Ocean biogeography
- Freshwater phylogeography and drainage evolution
Research highlights and publicity
- Waitaha Penguin: BBC
- Climate change: REUTERS
- Molecular rates: ABC-TV
- Rafting: Radio-NZ
- Rafting: Youtube
- Rafting: Science
Current Research projects

- Ancient DNA of NZ's prehistoric penguins and sea-lions (Marsden funding)
- Oceanic rafting (Marsden funding)
- River capture and fish evolution (Marsden funding)
- Population connectivity between Marine Protected Areas (ARC Linkage funding)
Current Postdocs
- Dr Raisa Nikula
- Dr Nic Rawlence
Current postgraduate students
Recent PhD students/postdocs
- Dr Ceridwen Fraser
- Dr Catherine Grueber
- Dr Graham McCulloch
- Dr Shan Crow
- Dr Chris Burridge
- Dr Devon Keeney
- Dr Sanne Boessenkool
Publications
[2013]
103. Waters JM, Fraser CI, Banks SC, Hewitt GM (2013) The founder space race: a reply to Buckley et al. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28:190-191
102. Waters JM, Trewick SA, Paterson AM, Spencer HG, Kennedy M, Craw D, Burridge CP, Wallis GP (2013) Biogeography off the tracks. Systematic Biology 62:494-498
101. Waters JM, Fraser CI, Hewitt GM (2013) Founder takes all: density-dependent processes structure biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28:78-85 [doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.08.024]
100. Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2013) Passive rafting is a powerful driver of transoceanic gene flow. Biology Letters 9:20120821 [doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0821]
99. Craw D, Druzbicka J, Rufaut C, Waters J (2013) Geological controls on paleo-environmental change in a tectonic rain shadow, southern New Zealand. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 370:103-16
[2012]
98. Fraser CI, Nikula R, Ruzzante DE, Waters JM (2012) Poleward bound: biological impacts of Southern Hemisphere glaciation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 27:462-471 [doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.04.011]
97. Fraser CI, Waters JM (2012) Algal parasite Herpodiscus durvillaeae (Phaeophyceae: Sphacelariales) inferred to have traversed the Pacific Ocean with its buoyant host. Journal of Phycology [doi: 10.1111/jpy.12017]
96. Fraser CI, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2012) Durvillaea poha sp. nov.(Fucales, Phaeophyceae): a buoyant southern bull-kelp species endemic to New Zealand. Phycologia 51:151-156 [doi: 10.2216/11-47.1]
95. Craw D, Upton P, Walcott R, Burridge C, Waters J (2012) Tectonic controls on the evolution of the Clutha River catchment, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 55:345-359 [doi: 10.1080/00288306.2012.709184]
94. Blasco-Costa I, Waters JM, Poulin R (2012) Swimming against the current: genetic structure, host mobility and the drift paradox in trematode parasites. Molecular Ecology 21:207-217 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05374.x]
[2011]
93. Waters JM (2011) Competitive exclusion: phylogeography’s ‘elephant in the room’? Molecular Ecology 20:4388-4394 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05286.x]
92. Gillespie RG, Baldwin BG, Waters JM, Fraser CI, Nikula R, Roderick GK (2012) Long-distance dispersal: a framework for hypothesis testing. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 27:47-56 [doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2011.08.009]
91. Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2011) Evolutionary consequences of microhabitat: population‐genetic structuring in kelp‐ vs. rock‐associated chitons. Molecular Ecology 20:4915-4924 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05332.x]
90. Burridge CP, McDowall RM, Craw D, Wilson MVH, Waters JM (2011) Marine dispersal as a pre‐requisite for Gondwanan vicariance among elements of the galaxiid fish fauna. Journal of Biogeography 39:306-321 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02600.x]
89. Garden C, Craw D, Waters JM, Smith A (2011) Rafting rocks reveal marine biological dispersal: A case study using clasts from beach-cast macroalgal holdfasts. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 95:388-394 [doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2011.10.008]
88. Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2011) Comparison of population‐genetic structuring in congeneric kelp‐versus rock‐associated snails: a test of a dispersal‐by‐rafting hypothesis. Ecology and Evolution 1:169-180 [doi: 10.1002/ece3.16]
87. Allibone R, David B, Hitchmough R, Jellyman D, Ling N, Ravenscroft P, Waters J (2011) Reply to Chisholm (2011), Conservation status of New Zealand freshwater fish, 2009; Allibone et al. (2010). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45:303-305.
86. Fraser CI, Nikula R, Waters JM (2011) Oceanic rafting by a coastal community. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 278:649-655 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1117]
85. Grueber CE, Waters JM, Jamieson IG (2011) The imprecision of heterozygosity-fitness correlations hinders the detection of inbreeding and inbreeding depression in a threatened species. Molecular Ecology 20:67-79 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04930.x]
[2010]
84. Waters JM, Rowe DL, Burridge CP, Wallis GP (2010) Gene trees versus species trees: Reassessing life-history evolution in a freshwater fish radiation. Systematic Biology 59:504-517 [doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syq031]
83. McCulloch GA, Wallis GP, Waters JM (2010) Onset of glaciation drove simultaneous vicariant isolation of alpine insects in New Zealand. Evolution 64:2033-2043 [doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00980.x]
82. Nikula R, Fraser CI, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2010) Circumpolar dispersal by rafting in two subantarctic kelp-dwelling crustaceans. Marine Ecology Progress Series 405:221-230 [doi: 10.3354/meps08523]
81. Boessenkool S, Star B, Scofield RP, Seddon PJ, Waters JM (2010) Lost in translation or deliberate falsification? Genetic analyses reveal erroneous museum data for historic penguin specimens. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:1057-1064 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1837]
80. Boessenkool S, Star B, Seddon PJ, Waters JM (2010) Temporal genetic samples indicate small effective population size of the endangered yellow-eyed penguin. Conservation Genetics 11:539-546 [doi: 10.1007/s10592-009-9988-8]
79. Collins CJ, Fraser CI, Ashcroft A, Waters JM (2010) Asymmetric dispersal of southern bull-kelp (Durvillaea antarctica) adults in coastal New Zealand: Testing an oceanographic hypothesis. Molecular Ecology 19:4572-4580 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04842.x]
78. Allibone R, David B, Hitchmough R, Jellyman D, Ling N, Ravenscroft P, Waters J (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand freshwater fish, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44:271-287 [doi: 10.1080/00288330.2010.514346]
77. Crow SK, Closs GP, Waters JM, Booker DJ, Wallis GP (2010) Niche partitioning and the effect of interspecific competition on microhabitat use by two sympatric galaxiid stream fishes. Freshwater Biology 55:967-982 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02330.x]
76. Fraser CI, Thiel M, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2010) Contemporary habitat discontinuity and historic glacial ice drive genetic divergence in Chilean kelp. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:203 [doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-203]
75. Fraser CI, Winter DJ, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2010) Multigene phylogeny of the southern bull-kelp genus Durvillaea (Phaeophyceae: Fucales). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57:1301-1311 [doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.10.011]
74. Waters JM, Wernberg T, Connell SD, Thomsen MS, Zuccarello GC, Kraft GT, et al. (2010) Australia's marine biogeography revisited: Back to the future? Austral Ecology 35:988-992 [doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02114.x]
[2009]
73. Fraser CI, Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2009) Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum. PNAS 106:3249-3253 [doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810635106]
72. Boessenkool S, Austin JJ, Worthy TH, Scofield P, Cooper A, Seddon PJ, Waters JM (2009) Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 276:815-821 [doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1246]
71. Boessenkool S, Star B, Waters JM, Seddon PJ (2009) Multilocus assignment analyses reveal multiple units and rare migration events in the recently expanded yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Molecular Ecology 18:2390-2400 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04203.x]
70. Crow SK, Waters JM, Closs GP, Wallis GP (2009) Morphological and genetic analysis of Galaxias 'southern' and G. gollumoides: Interspecific differentiation and intraspecific structuring. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 39:43-62 [doi: 10.1080/03014220909510563]
69. Fraser CI, Hay CH, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2009) Genetic and morphological analyses of the southern bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Phaeophyceae: Durvillaeales) in New Zealand reveal cryptic species. Journal of Phycology 45:436-443 [doi: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00658.x]
68. Fraser CI, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2009) Glacial oceanographic contrasts explain phylogeography of Australian bull kelp. Molecular Ecology 18:2287-2296 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04201.x]
67. McCulloch GA, Wallis GP, Waters JM (2009) Do insects lose flight before they lose their wings? Population genetic structure in subalpine stoneflies. Molecular Ecology 18:4073-4087 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04337.x]
65. Spencer HG, Marshall BA, Waters JM (2009) Systematics and phylogeny of a new cryptic species of Diloma Philippi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) from a novel habitat, the bull kelp holdfast communities of southern New Zealand. Invertebrate Systematics 23:19-25 [doi: 10.1071/is08030]
65. Wallis G, Wallis L, Waters J (2009) What, if anything, is Galaxias vulgaris? 20 years of research on galaxiid speciation. New Zealand Science Review 66:21-25
[2008]
64. Burridge CP, Craw D, Fletcher D, Waters JM (2008) Geological dates and molecular rates: Fish DNA sheds light on time dependency. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25:624-633 [doi: 10.1093/molbev/msm271]
63. Jamieson IG, Grueber CE, Waters JM, Gleeson DM (2008) Managing genetic diversity in threatened populations: a New Zealand perspective. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 32:130-135.
62. Burridge CP, Craw D, Jack DC, King TM, Waters JM (2008) Does fish ecology predict dispersal across a river drainage divide? Evolution 62:1484-1499
61. Waters JM (2008) Driven by the West Wind Drift? A synthesis of southern temperate marine biogeography, with new directions for dispersalism. Journal of Biogeography 35:417-427
60. Boessenkool S, King TM, Seddon PJ, Waters JM (2008) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Molecular Ecology Resources 8:1043-1045 [doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02149.x]
59. Craw D, Burridge CP, Upton P, Rowe DL, Waters JM (2008) Evolution of biological dispersal corridors through a tectonically active mountain range in New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography 35:1790-1802 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.01936.x]
58. Craw D, Burridge C, Norris R, Waters J (2008) Genetic ages for Quaternary topographic evolution: A new dating tool. Geology 36:19-22 [doi: 10.1130/G24126A.1]
57. Grueber CE, King TM, Waters JM, Jamieson IG (2008) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the endangered New Zealand takahe (Gruiformes; Rallidae; Porphyrio hochstetteri). Molecular Ecology Resources 8:884-886 [doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02098.x]
56. Jamieson IG, Grueber CE, Waters JM, Gleeson D (2008) Managing genetic diversity in threatened populations: A New Zealand perspective. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 32:130-137
55. Waters JM (2008) Marine biogeographical disjunction in temperate Australia: Historical landbridge, contemporary currents, or both? Diversity and Distributions 14:692-700
54. Waters JM, Craw D (2008) Evolution and biogeography of New Zealand's longjaw galaxiids (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae): The genetic effects of glaciation and mountain building. Freshwater Biology 53:521-534 [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01917.x]
[2007]
53. Burridge CP, Craw D, Waters JM (2007) An empirical test of freshwater vicariance via river capture. Molecular Ecology 16:1883-1895
52. Waters JM, Rowe DL, Apte S, King TM, Wallis GP, Anderson L, Norris RJ, Craw D, Burridge CP (2007) Geological dates and molecular rates: Rapid divergence of rivers and their biotas. Systematic Biology 56:271-282
51. Craw D, Waters J (2007) Geological and biological evidence for regional drainage reversal during lateral tectonic transport, Marlborough, New Zealand. Journal of the Geological Society 164:785-793
50. Craw D, Anderson L, Rieser U, Waters J (2007) Drainage reorientation in Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, during the Last Interglacial. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 50:13-20 [doi: 10.1080/00288300709509815]
49. Craw D, Burridge C, Waters J (2007) Geological and biological evidence for drainage reorientation during uplift of alluvial basins, central Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 50:367-376 [doi: 10.1080/00288300709509844]
48. Craw D, Burridge C, Anderson L, Waters JM (2007) Late Quaternary river drainage and fish evolution, Southland, New Zealand. Geomorphology 84:98-110
47. Keeney DB, Waters JM, Poulin R (2007) Diversity of trematode genetic clones within amphipods and the timing of same-clone infections. International Journal for Parasitology 37:351-357
46. Keeney DB, Waters JM, Poulin R (2007) Clonal diversity of the marine trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis within intermediate hosts: The molecular ecology of parasite life cycles. Molecular Ecology 16:431-439
45. Lagrue C, Waters JM, Poulin R, Keeney DB (2007) Microsatellite loci for the progenetic trematode, Coitocaecum parvum (Opecoelidae). Molecular Ecology Notes 7:694-696
44. Spencer HG, Waters JM, Eichhorst TE (2007) Taxonomy and nomenclature of black nerites (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha: Nerita) from the South Pacific. Invertebrate Systematics 21:229-237
43. Waters JM, McCulloch, GA, Eason JA (2007) Marine biogeographical structure in two highly dispersive gastropods: Implications for trans-Tasman dispersal. Journal of Biogeography 34:678-687
42. Waters JM (2007) Biogeography in a Changing World [book review] Systematic Biology 56:871-873
[2006]
41. Waters JM, Craw D (2006) Goodbye Gondwana? New Zealand biogeography, geology, and the problem of circularity. Systematic Biology 55:351-356
40. Burridge CP, Craw D, Waters JM (2006) River capture, range expansion, and cladogenesis: The genetic signature of freshwater vicariance. Evolution 60:1038-1049
39. Keeney DB, Waters JM, Poulin R (2006) Microsatellite loci for the New Zealand trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis. Molecular Ecology Notes 6:1042-1044
38. Waters JM, Allibone RM, Wallis GP (2006) Geological subsidence, river capture, and cladogenesis of galaxiid fish lineages in central New Zealand. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 88:367-376
[2005]
37. Waters JM, King TM, O'Loughlin PM, Spencer HG (2005) Phylogeographical disjunction in abundant high-dispersal littoral gastropods. Molecular Ecology 14:2789-2802
36. Waters JM, McDowall RM (2005) Phylogenetics of the Australasian mudfishes: Evolution of an eel-like body plan. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37:417-425
35. Ayers KL, Waters JM (2005) Marine biogeographic disjunction in central New Zealand. Marine Biology 147:1045-1052
34. Waters JM (2005) Historical Biogeography: An Introduction [book review] Systematic Biology 54:338-340
[2004]
33. Waters JM, Roy MS (2004) Out of Africa: The slow train to Australasia. Systematic Biology 53:18-24
32. Waters JM, Roy MS (2004) Phylogeography of a high-dispersal New Zealand sea-star: Does upwelling block gene-flow? Molecular Ecology 13:2797-2806
31. Waters JM, O'Loughlin PM, Roy MS (2004) Cladogenesis in a starfish species complex from southern Australia: Evidence for vicariant speciation? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32:236-245
30. Waters JM, O'Loughlin PM, Roy MS (2004) Molecular systematics of some Indo-Pacific asterinids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea): Does taxonomy reflect phylogeny? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30:872-878
29. McDowall RM, Waters JM (2004) Phylogenetic relationships in a small group of diminutive galaxiid fishes and the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 34:23-57
28. O'Loughlin PM, Waters JM (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61:1-40
[2003 and earlier]
27. Waters JM, Roy MS (2003) Marine biogeography of southern Australia: Phylogeographical structure in a temperate sea-star. Journal of Biogeography 30:1787-1796
26. Waters JM, Roy MS (2003) Global phylogeography of the fissiparous sea-star genus Coscinasterias. Marine Biology 142:185-191
25. King KJ, Young KD, Waters JM, Wallis GP (2003) Preliminary genetic analysis of koaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) in New Zealand lakes: Evidence for allopatric differentiation among lakes but little population subdivision within lakes. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33:591-600
24. McDowall RM, Waters JM (2003) A new species of Galaxias (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) from the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33:675-691
23. O'Loughlin PM, Waters JM, Roy MS (2003) A molecular and morphological review of the asterinid, Patiriella gunnii (Gray) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 60:181-195
22. McDowall RM, Waters JM (2002) A new longjaw galaxias species (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) from the Kauru River, North Otago, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 29:41-52
21. O'Loughlin PM, Waters JM, Roy MS (2002) Description of a new species of Patiriella from New Zealand, and review of Patiriella regularis (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) based on morphological and molecular data. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 32:697-711
20. Waters JM, Saruwatari T, Kobayashi T, Oohara I, McDowall RM, Wallis GP (2002) Phylogenetic placement of retropinnid fishes: Data set incongruence can be reduced using asymmetric character state transformation costs. Systematic Biology 51:432-449
19. Waters JM, Shirley MJ, Closs GP (2002) Hydroelectric development and translocation of Galaxias brevipinnis: a cloud at the end of the tunnel? Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Sciences 59:49-56
18. Reese CL, Waters JM, Pagels JF, Brown BL (2001) Genetic structuring of relict populations of Gapper's red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi). Journal of Mammalogy 82:289-301
17. Wallis GP, Judge KF, Bland J, Waters JM, Berra TM (2001) Genetic diversity in New Zealand Galaxias vulgaris sensu lato (Teleostei: Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae): A test of a biogeographic hypothesis. Journal of Biogeography 28:59-67
16. Waters JM, Wallis GP (2001) Cladogenesis and loss of the marine life-history phase in freshwater galaxiid fishes (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae). Evolution 55:587-597
15. Waters JM, Wallis GP (2001) Mitochondrial DNA phylogenetics of the Galaxias vulgaris complex from South Island, New Zealand: Rapid radiation of a species flock. Journal of Fish Biology 58:1166-1180
14. Waters JM, Craw D, Youngson JH, Wallis GP (2001) Genes meet geology: Fish phylogeographic pattern reflects ancient, rather than modern, drainage connections. Evolution 55:1844-1851
13. Waters JM, Esa YB, Wallis GP (2001) Genetic and morphological evidence for reproductive isolation between sympatric populations of Galaxias (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in South Island, New Zealand. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 73:287-298
12. Brown BL, Gunter TP, Waters JM, Epifanio JM (2000) Evaluating genetic diversity associated with propagation-assisted restoration of American shad. Conservation Biology 14:294-303
11. Esa YB, Waters JM, Wallis GP (2000) Introgressive hybridization between Galaxias depressiceps and Galaxias sp D (Teleostei: Galaxiidae) in Otago, New Zealand: Secondary contact mediated by water races. Conservation Genetics 1:329-339
10. Waters JM, Wallis GP (2000) Across the Southern Alps by river capture? Freshwater fish phylogeography in South Island, New Zealand. Molecular Ecology 9:1577-1582
9. Waters JM, Dijkstra LH, Wallis GP (2000) Biogeography of a southern hemisphere freshwater fish: How important is marine dispersal? Molecular Ecology 9:1815-1821
8. Waters JM, Epifanio JM, Gunter TP, Brown BL (2000) Homing behaviour facilitates subtle genetic differentiation among river populations of Alosa sapidissima: Microsatellites and mtDNA. Journal of Fish Biology 56:622-636
7. Waters JM, Lopez JA, Wallis GP (2000) Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of galaxiid fishes (Osteichthyes: Galaxiidae): Dispersal, vicariance, and the position of Lepidogalaxias salamandroides. Systematic Biology 49:777-795
6. Waters JM (1999) Extreme intraspecific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in Galaxias maculatus (Osteichthys: Galaxiidae), one of the world's most widespread freshwater fish. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 11:1-12
5. Waters JM, Esa YB, Wallis GP (1999) Characterization of microsatellite loci from a New Zealand freshwater fish (Galaxias vulgaris) and their potential for analysis of hybridization in Galaxiidae. Molecular Ecology 8:1080-1082
4. White RWG, Waters JM (1998) Ancient and modern-the Tasmanian galaxiid (Pisces, Galaxiidae) fauna. Evolutionary Biology at High Southern Latitudes 11:17-21
3. Waters JM, Cambray JA (1997) Intraspecific phylogeography of Galaxias zebratus (Pisces: Galaxiidae), the Cape galaxias, from South Africa: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Journal of Fish Biology 50:1329-1338
2. Waters JM, White RWG (1997) Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the Tasmanian and New Zealand mudfishes (Salmoniformes: Galaxiidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 45:39-48
1. Waters JM, Lintermans M, White RWG (1994) mitochondrial DNA variation suggests river capture as a source of vicariance in Gadopsis bispinosus (Pisces: Gadipsidae). Journal of Fish Biology 44:549-551


