Research Associate ProfessorManagerProduct Development Research CentreBCApSc (Otago) |  |
ContactTel 64 3 479 7564 Ext 7564 | |
About
Pat is the manager of the Product Development Research Centre (PDRC). The Product Development Research Centre is part of the Department of Food Science at the University of Otago and offers commercially focused research and consultancy services. The Product Development Research Centre undertakes projects with industry (small – medium sized enterprises to multinational companies) and other universities and research institutes that apply food science and related scientific knowledge to enhance their products or processes, and to assist their businesses achieve a competitive edge. The Centre works collaboratively with Food Science academic staff and other staff throughout the University on a project-by-project basis.
Pat has strong links with food companies and companies aligned with the food industry. He has experience working with small to medium-size enterprises, cooperatives and multinational companies, working with companies based in New Zealand, Australia, South East Asia, China, USA and Europe.
His professional specialties are in the area of food chemistry, product development, shelf life extension and calculation, food spoilage and general food consultancy.
Research
Pat's research can be largely categorised into two main themes: food quality, and microbially-induced flavour generation. He is interested in using consumers to define the quality of food and also the relationship between quality, sensory characteristics, manufacturing process and food composition and structure. The microbially induced flavour generation theme examines the role of bacteria, yeast and mould on volatile generation in fermented foods (beer, wine, coffee…) and during food spoilage. Both themes involve the use of volatile characterisation and sensory methodologies to understand changes in the flavour perception of the foods.
Pat is also a member of Food Waste Innovation, a University of Otago Research Theme which measures food waste, develops reduction strategies, applies innovative technology, and works to modify producer and consumer behaviour.
Postgraduate Supervision
Pat supervises students in the areas of food quality, flavour science, sensory science and food spoilage
Current Students
Chai Chun (Marcus) Loi (PhD), "Emulsifier technology to enhance emulsion stability in milk coffee beverages."
Amali Alahakoon (PhD), "Feasibility study of using pulsed electric field as a pretreatment to improve textural and other quality traits of sous vide meat."
Tobias Richter (PhD), "Hop aroma in beer - changes in the flavour profile associated with different yeast strains
Aswathi Soni (PhD), "Optimisation of technologies for extension of shelf life of liquid egg white."
Yafei Liu (PhD), "Effect of pulsed electric protein on protein based food products."
Mina Tirgar (PhD),"A Novel System for Delivery of Encapsulated Flaxseed Oil as a Functional Powder by Spray Drying."
Claudia Philipp (PhD), "Physicochemical behaviour of starch-protein mixtures during low-moisture extrusion."
Mohsen Zareian (PhD),"Determination of the Volatile Organic Composition of Food Spoilage Bacteria."
Recent Students
Valentina Ting (PhD 2015), "Real Time Monitoring of Volatile Organic Compound Release in Relation with Textural and Acoustic Characteristics in Apples."
Mario Fernandez Alduenda (PhD 2015), "Development of flavour in natural coffee."
Mohammad Alothman (PhD 2015), "Investigation of the Factors Which Limit the Shelf Life of Fresh Chilled Pasteurized Milk"
Claudia Schueuermann (PhD 2016), "Determination of the sources of compositional variation in Mount Difficulty pinot noir wines – A case study: from grape juice to wine."
Jun Niimi (2013), "Sensory crossmodal interactions in cheese."
Ofir Benjamin (2012), "Volatile release from emulsions"
Publications
Purdy, V., Kebede, B., Beatson, R., Templeton, K., Silcock, P., & Eyres, G. T. (2021). Differences in New Zealand hop cultivars based on their unique volatile compounds: An integrated fingerprinting and chemometrics approach. Foods, 10(2), 414. doi: 10.3390/foods10020414
Soni, A., Oey, I., Silcock, P., Ross, I. K., & Bremer, P. J. (2020). Effect of pulsed electric field with moderate heat (80°C) on inactivation, thermal resistance and differential gene expression in B. cereus spores. Journal of Food Processing & Preservation, 44, e14503. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.14503
Zhang, Y., Silcock, P., Jones, J. R., & Eyres, G. T. (2020). Changes in wood smoke volatile composition by manipulating the smoke generation conditions. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis, 148, 104769. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104769
Arcena, M. R., Kebede, B., Leong, S. Y., Silcock, P., & Oey, I. (2020). Feasibility of using integrated fingerprinting, profiling and chemometrics approach to understand (bio) chemical changes throughout commercial red winemaking: A case study on Merlot. Food Research International, 127, 108767. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108767
Leong, S. Y., Treadwell, M., Liu, T., Hochberg, M., Sack, M., Mueller, G., … Silcock, P., & Oey, I. (2020). Influence of Pulsed Electric Fields processing at high-intensity electric field strength on the relationship between anthocyanins composition and colour intensity of Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) musts during cold maceration. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 59, 102243. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102243
Chapter in Book - Research
Alahakoon, A. U., Faridnia, F., Bremer, P. J., Silcock, P., & Oey, I. (2016). Pulsed electric fields effects on meat tissue quality and functionality. In D. Miklavcic (Ed.), Handbook of electroporation. Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-26779-1_179-1
Niimi, J., Overington, A. R., Silcock, P., Bremer, P. J., & Delahunty, C. M. (2015). Influence of cross-modal sensory interactions on cheese flavour intensity and character. In B. Guthrie, J. Beauchamp, A. Buettner & B. K. Lavine (Eds.), The chemical sensory informatics of food: Measurement, analysis, integration: ACS Symposium Series (Vol. 1191). (pp. 15-25). Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. doi: 10.1021/bk-2015-1191.ch002
Dufour, J.-P., Malcorps, P., & Silcock, P. J. (2003). Control of ester synthesis during brewery fermentation. In K. Smart (Ed.), Brewing yeast fermentation performance. (2nd ed.) (pp. 213-233). Oxford: Blackwell Science.
Chapter in Book - Other
Han, J., Silcock, P., Bell, M., & Birch, J. (2011). Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel from tallow [Reprint from Journal of ASTM International (2010) 7(1). doi: 10.1520/STP49365S
Journal - Research Article
Purdy, V., Kebede, B., Beatson, R., Templeton, K., Silcock, P., & Eyres, G. T. (2021). Differences in New Zealand hop cultivars based on their unique volatile compounds: An integrated fingerprinting and chemometrics approach. Foods, 10(2), 414. doi: 10.3390/foods10020414
Soni, A., Oey, I., Silcock, P., Ross, I. K., & Bremer, P. J. (2020). Effect of pulsed electric field with moderate heat (80°C) on inactivation, thermal resistance and differential gene expression in B. cereus spores. Journal of Food Processing & Preservation, 44, e14503. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.14503
Leong, S. Y., Treadwell, M., Liu, T., Hochberg, M., Sack, M., Mueller, G., … Silcock, P., & Oey, I. (2020). Influence of Pulsed Electric Fields processing at high-intensity electric field strength on the relationship between anthocyanins composition and colour intensity of Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) musts during cold maceration. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 59, 102243. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102243
Arcena, M. R., Kebede, B., Leong, S. Y., Silcock, P., & Oey, I. (2020). Feasibility of using integrated fingerprinting, profiling and chemometrics approach to understand (bio) chemical changes throughout commercial red winemaking: A case study on Merlot. Food Research International, 127, 108767. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108767
Zhang, Y., Silcock, P., Jones, J. R., & Eyres, G. T. (2020). Changes in wood smoke volatile composition by manipulating the smoke generation conditions. Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis, 148, 104769. doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2019.104769
Ye, Y., Eyres, G. T., Reis, M. G., Schreurs, N. M., Silcock, P., Agnew, M. P., … Realini, C. E. (2020). Fatty acid composition and volatile profile of M. longissimus thoracis from commercial lambs reared in different forage systems. Foods, 9, 1885. doi: 10.3390/foods9121885
Arcena, M. R., Leong, S. Y., Hochberg, M., Sack, M., Mueller, G., Sigler, J., Silcock, P., Kebede, B., & Oey, I. (2020). Evolution of volatile and phenolic compounds during bottle storage of merlot wines vinified using pulsed electric fields-treated grapes. Foods, 9(4), 443. doi: 10.3390/foods9040443
Loi, C. C., Eyres, G. T., Silcock, P., & Birch, E. J. (2020). Preparation and characterisation of a novel emulsifier system based on glycerol monooleate by spray-drying. Journal of Food Engineering, 285, 110100. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110100
Loi, C. C., Eyres, G. T., Silcock, P., & Birch, E. J. (2020). Application of a novel instantized glycerol monooleate ingredient in a protein-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion. Foods, 9(9), 1237. doi: 10.3390/foods9091237
Asaduzzaman, M., Scampicchio, M., Biasioli, F., Bremer, P. J., & Silcock, P. (2020). Methanethiol formation during the photochemical oxidation of methionine‐riboflavin system. Flavour & Fragrance Journal, 35, 34-41. doi: 10.1002/ffj.3536
Chua, J. C. L., Hale, J. D. F., Silcock, P., & Bremer, P. J. (2020). Bacterial survival and adhesion for formulating new oral probiotic foods. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 60(17), 2926-2937. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1669528
Reynolds, A. N., Mann, J., Elbalshy, M., Mete, E., Robinson, C., Oey, I., Silcock, P., Downes, N., Perry, T., & Te Morenga, L. (2020). Wholegrain particle size influences postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes: A randomized crossover study comparing four wholegrain breads. Diabetes Care, 43, 476-479. doi: 10.2337/dc19-1466
Ye, Y., Schreurs, N. M., Johnson, P. L., Corner-Thomas, R. A., Agnew, M. P., Silcock, P., Eyres, G. T., … Realini, C. E. (2019). Carcass characteristics and meat quality of commercial lambs reared in different forage systems. Livestock Science, 232, 103908. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103908
Soni, A., Oey, I., Silcock, P., Permina, E., & Bremer, P. J. (2019). Differential gene expression for investigation of the effect of germinants and heat activation to induce germination in Bacillus cereus spores. Food Research International, 119, 462-468. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.041
Alahakoon, A. U., Oey, I., Bremer, P., & Silcock, P. (2019). Process optimisation of pulsed electric fields pre-treatment to reduce the sous vide processing time of beef briskets. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 54, 823-834. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.14002
Liu, Y.-F., Oey, I., Bremer, P., Silcock, P., Carne, A., & McConnell, M. (2019). Pulsed electric fields treatment at different pH enhances the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ovomucin-depleted egg white. Food Chemistry, 276, 164-173. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.009
Zareian, M., Tybussek, T., Silcock, P., Bremer, P., Beauchamp, J., & Böhner, N. (2019). Interrelationship among myoglobin forms, lipid oxidation and protein carbonyls in minced pork packaged under modified atmosphere. Food Packaging & Shelf Life, 20, 100311. doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100311
Chiang, J. H., Eyres, G. T., Silcock, P. J., Hardacre, A. K., & Parker, M. E. (2019). Changes in the physicochemical properties and flavour compounds of beef bone hydrolysates after Maillard reaction. Food Research International, 123, 642-649. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.024
Alahakoon, A. U., Oey, I., Bremer, P., & Silcock, P. (2019). Quality and safety considerations of incorporating post-PEF ageing into the pulsed electric fields and sous vide processing chain. Food & Bioprocess Technology, 12(5), 852-864. doi: 10.1007/s11947-019-02254-6
Soni, A., Oey, I., Silcock, P., Permina, E., & Bremer, P. J. (2019). Effect of cold storage and different ions on the thermal resistance of B. cereus NZAS01 spores: Analysis of differential gene expression and ion exchange. Food Research International, 116, 578-585. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.076
Soni, A., Oey, I., Silcock, P., & Bremer, P. J. (2018). Impact of temperature, nutrients, pH and cold storage on the germination, growth and resistance of Bacillus cereus spores in egg white. Food Research International, 106, 394-403. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.006
Liu, Y.-F., Oey, I., Bremer, P., Silcock, P., & Carne, A. (2018). Proteolytic pattern, protein breakdown and peptide production of ovomucin-depleted egg white processed with heat or pulsed electric fields at different pH. Food Research International, 108, 465-474. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.075
Philipp, C., Azad Emin, M., Buckrow, R., Silcock, P., & Oey, I. (2018). Pea protein-fortified extruded snacks: Linking melt viscosity and glass transition temperature with expansion behaviour. Journal of Food Engineering, 217, 93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.08.022
Zareian, M., Silcock, P., & Bremer, P. (2018). Effect of medium compositions on microbially-mediated volatile organic compounds release profile. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 125(3), 813-827. doi: 10.1111/jam.13908
Richter, T., Silcock, P., Algarra, A., Eyres, G. T., Capozzi, V., Bremer, P., & Biasioli, F. (2018). Evaluation of PTR-ToF-MS as a tool to track the behavior of hop-derived compounds during the fermentation of beer. Food Research International, 111, 582-589. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.056
Alahakoon, A. U., Oey, I., Bremer, P., & Silcock, P. (2018). Optimisation of sous vide processing parameters for pulsed electric fields treated beef briskets. Food & Bioprocess Technology, 11, 2055-2066. doi: 10.1007/s11947-018-2155-9
Alothman, M., Lusk, K. A., Silcock, P. J., & Bremer, P. J. (2018). Relationship between total microbial numbers, volatile organic compound composition, and the sensory characteristics of whole fresh chilled pasteurized milk. Food Packaging & Shelf Life, 15, 69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2017.11.005
Schueuermann, C., Silcock, P., & Bremer, P. (2018). Front-face fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with parallel factor analysis for profiling for clonal and vineyard site differences in commercially produced Pinot Noir grape juices and wines. Journal of Food Composition & Analysis, 66, 30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.11.005
Richter, T. M., Bremer, P. J., Silcock, P., & Laing, R. M. (2018). Textile binding and release of body odor compounds measured by proton transfer reaction – mass spectrometry. Textile Research Journal, 88(22), 2559-2567. doi: 10.1177/0040517517725126
Schuster, L., Franke, C., Silcock, P., Beauchamp, J., & Bremer, P. J. (2018). Development of a novel sample reuse approach to measure the impact of lean meat, bone and adipose tissue on the development of volatiles in vacuum-packed chilled lamb stored at 2 °C for 15 days. Meat Science, 145, 31-39. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.05.016
Zareian, M., Böhner, N., Loos, H. M., Silcock, P., Bremer, P., & Beauchamp, J. (2018). Evaluation of volatile organic compound release in modified atmosphere-packaged minced raw pork in relation to shelf-life. Food Packaging & Shelf Life, 18, 51-61. doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.08.001
Liu, Y.-F., Oey, I., Bremer, P., Carne, A., & Silcock, P. (2017). Effects of pH, temperature and pulsed electric fields on the turbidity and protein aggregation of ovomucin-depleted egg white. Food Research International, 91, 161-170. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.005
Alothman, M., Lusk, K. A., Silcock, P. J., & Bremer, P. J. (2017). Comparing PTR-MS profile of milk inoculated with pure or mixed cultures of spoilage bacteria. Food Microbiology, 64, 155-163. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.001
Schueuermann, C., Bremer, P., & Silcock, P. (2017). PTR-MS volatile profiling of Pinot Noir wines for the investigation of differences based on vineyard site. Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 52(9), 625-631. doi: 10.1002/jms.3956
Liu, Y.-F., Oey, I., Bremer, P., Silcock, P., & Carne, A. (2017). In vitro peptic digestion of ovomucin-depleted egg white affected by pH, temperature and pulsed electric fields. Food Chemistry, 231, 165-174. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.136
Richter, T. M., Eyres, G. T., Silcock, P., & Bremer, P. J. (2017). Comparison of four extraction methods for analysis of volatile hop-derived aroma compounds in beer. Journal of Separation Science, 40(22), 4366-4376. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201700676
Philipp, C., Buckow, R., Silcock, P., & Oey, I. (2017). Instrumental and sensory properties of pea protein-fortified extruded rice snacks. Food Research International, 102, 658-665. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.048
Tirgar, M., Silcock, P., Carne, A., & Birch, E. J. (2017). Effect of extraction method on functional properties of flaxseed protein concentrates. Food Chemistry, 215, 417-424. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.002
Philipp, C., Oey, I., Silcock, P., Beck, S. M., & Buckow, R. (2017). Impact of protein content on physical and micro-structural properties of extruded rice starch-pea protein snacks. Journal of Food Engineering, 212, 165-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.05.024
Alahakoon, A. U., Oey, I., Silcock, P., & Bremer, P. (2017). Understanding the effect of pulsed electric fields on thermostability of connective tissue isolated from beef pectoralis muscle using a model system. Food Research International, 100(2), 261-267. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.08.025
Peng, M., Hautus, M. J., Oey, I., & Silcock, P. (2016). Is there a generalized sweetness sensitivity for an individual? A psychophysical investigation of inter-individual differences in detectability and discriminability for sucrose and fructose. Physiology & Behavior, 165, 239-248. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.004
Niimi, J., Overington, A. R., Silcock, P., Bremer, P. J., & Delahunty, C. M. (2016). Cross-modal taste and aroma interactions: Cheese flavour perception and changes in flavour character in multicomponent mixtures. Food Quality & Preference, 48, 70-80. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2015.08.011
Soni, A., Oey, I., Silcock, P., & Bremer, P. (2016). Bacillus spores in the food industry: A review on resistance and response to novel inactivation technologies. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science & Food Safety, 15(6), 1139-1148. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12231
Ting, V. J. L., Romano, A., Soukoulis, C., Silcock, P., Bremer, P. J., Cappellin, L., & Biasioli, F. (2016). Investigating the in-vitro and in-vivo flavour release from 21 fresh-cut apples. Food Chemistry, 212, 543-551. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.116
Schueuermann, C., Khakimov, B., Engelsen, S. B., Bremer, P., & Silcock, P. (2016). GC-MS metabolite profiling of extreme southern Pinot noir wines: Effects of vintage, barrel maturation and fermentation dominate over vineyard site and clone selection. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 64(11), 2342-2351. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05861
Ting, V. J. L., Romano, A., Silcock, P., Bremer, P. J., Corollaro, M. L., Soukoulis, C., … Biasioli, F. (2015). Apple flavor: Linking sensory perception to volatile release and textural properties. Journal of Sensory Studies, 30(3), 195-210. doi: 10.1111/joss.12151
