Contact Details
- Phone
- +64 3 479 9028
- vernon.ward@otago.ac.nz
University Links
- Position
- Professor
- Department
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Qualifications
- BSc(Hons) PhD(Otago)
- Research summary
- Viral pathogenesis, Molecular virology, Applied immunology, Host pathogen interactions
Research
Viruses are well known for their ability to cause disease, but the diversity of virus structure and replication offers many opportunities to exploit virus particles, their structure and their replication for beneficial purposes. My current research involves both the study of pathogenic viruses and the exploitation of virus properties for beneficial purposes.
For more detail see:
micro.otago.ac.nz/our-people/vernon-ward/
Publications
Clifford, S. M., Edwards, M. J., Krittaphol, W., Walker, G. F., Harris, L. D., & Ward, V. K. (2026). Nanoparticles for antiviral nucleotide analogs: approaches and analytical challenges. Journal of Virology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01758-25 Journal - Research Other
McSweeney, A. M., Clifford, S. M., Wood, J. M., Torres, D. G., Evans, G. B., Harris, L. D., Kleffmann, T., & Ward, V. K. (2026). Effects of RNA polymerase inhibitors on nucleotidylylation of human norovirus VPg. Antiviral Research, 252, 106470. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106470 Journal - Research Article
Wood, J. M., Torres, D. G., Landaeta Aponte, R. A., Deshpande, S., McSweeney, A. M., Shrestha, R., … Ward, V. K., & Harris, L. D. (2026). Scalable synthesis and biological evaluation of 3'-Deoxy-3',4'-didehydronucleoside triphosphates. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 91, 6744-6750. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.6c00483 Journal - Research Article
Ward, V. K., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G. M., Edwards, M. J., Young, V. L., Kleffmann, T., Stubbing, L. A., … Brimble, M. A. (2026). The MNV-1 protease–polymerase precursor cleaves a novel site in the NS1-2 protein. Journal of General Virology, 107, 002263. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.002263 Journal - Research Article
Brimble, M. A., Stubbing, L. A., Hermant, Y. O., Yang, S.-H., Hubert, J. G., Pearl, E. S., McSweeney, A. M., Young, V. L., Campbell, A. C., Opel-Reading, H. K., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G. M., Putha, L., Mortuza, R., … Krause, K. L., & Ward, V. K. (2026). Broad-spectrum peptidomimetic inhibitors of norovirus and coronavirus 3C-like proteases. ACS Infectious Diseases, 12(1), 162-175. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00680 Journal - Research Article
2026
Journal - Research Article
McSweeney, A. M., Clifford, S. M., Wood, J. M., Torres, D. G., Evans, G. B., Harris, L. D., Kleffmann, T., & Ward, V. K. (2026). Effects of RNA polymerase inhibitors on nucleotidylylation of human norovirus VPg. Antiviral Research, 252, 106470. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2026.106470
Wood, J. M., Torres, D. G., Landaeta Aponte, R. A., Deshpande, S., McSweeney, A. M., Shrestha, R., … Ward, V. K., & Harris, L. D. (2026). Scalable synthesis and biological evaluation of 3'-Deoxy-3',4'-didehydronucleoside triphosphates. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 91, 6744-6750. doi: 10.1021/acs.joc.6c00483
Ward, V. K., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G. M., Edwards, M. J., Young, V. L., Kleffmann, T., Stubbing, L. A., … Brimble, M. A. (2026). The MNV-1 protease–polymerase precursor cleaves a novel site in the NS1-2 protein. Journal of General Virology, 107, 002263. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.002263
Brimble, M. A., Stubbing, L. A., Hermant, Y. O., Yang, S.-H., Hubert, J. G., Pearl, E. S., McSweeney, A. M., Young, V. L., Campbell, A. C., Opel-Reading, H. K., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G. M., Putha, L., Mortuza, R., … Krause, K. L., & Ward, V. K. (2026). Broad-spectrum peptidomimetic inhibitors of norovirus and coronavirus 3C-like proteases. ACS Infectious Diseases, 12(1), 162-175. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5c00680
Journal - Research Other
Clifford, S. M., Edwards, M. J., Krittaphol, W., Walker, G. F., Harris, L. D., & Ward, V. K. (2026). Nanoparticles for antiviral nucleotide analogs: approaches and analytical challenges. Journal of Virology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01758-25
2025
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Netzler, N., Woolner, V. H., Molimau-Samasoni, S., Keyzers, R., & Ward, V. (2025). Harnessing the antiviral activities in Pacific traditional medicines. Proceedings of the Infectious Diseases & Pandemic Preparedness Summit. (pp. 45). Retrieved from https://www.teniwha.com
2024
Journal - Research Article
McSweeney, A. M., Eruera, A.-R., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G. M., Bouwer, J. C., Brown, S. H. J., Stubbing, L. A., … Bostina, M., Krause, K. L., & Ward, V. K. (2024). Activity and cryo-EM structure of the polymerase domain of the human norovirus ProPol precursor. Journal of Virology, 98(11), e01193-24. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01193-24
Journal - Research Other
Young, V. L., McSweeney, A. M., Edwards, M. J., & Ward, V. K. (2024). The disorderly nature of caliciviruses. Viruses, 16, 1324. doi: 10.3390/v16081324
2023
Journal - Research Article
Eruera, A.-R., McSweeney, A. M., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G. M., Opel-Reading, H. K., Thomas, S. X., Campbell, A. C., … Ward, V. K., & Krause, K. L. (2023). Crystal structure of inhibitor-bound GII.4 Sydney 2012 norovirus 3C-like protease. Viruses, 15(11), 2202. doi: 10.3390/v15112202
Wobus, C. E., Peiper, A. M., McSweeney, A. M., Young, V. L., Chaika, M., Lane, M. S., … Ward, V. K., & Wilen, C. B. (2023). Murine norovirus: Additional protocols for basic and antiviral studies. Current Protocols, 3, e828. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.828
Sparrow, K. J., Shrestha, R., Wood, J. M., Clinch, K., Hurst, B. L., Wang, H., … McSweeney, A. M., Ward, V. K., … Harris, L. D. (2023). An isomer of galidesivir that potently inhibits influenza viruses and members of the Bunyavirales order. ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 14, 506-513. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00048
Journal - Research Other
Stubbing, L. A., Hubert, J. G., Bell-Tyrer, J., Hermant, Y. O., Yang, S. H., McSweeney, A. M., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G. M., Ward, V. K., Furkert, D. P., & Brimble, M. A. (2023). P1 glutamine isosteres in the design of inhibitors of 3C/3CL protease of human viruses of the Pisoniviricetes class. RSC Chemical Biology, 4, 533-547. doi: 10.1039/d3cb00075c
Speck, P., Mackenzie, J., Bull, R. A., Slobedman, B., Drummer, H., Fraser, J., … Hibma, M., … Ward, V., … Henzeler, B., … Young, P. (2023). Statement in support of: “Virology under the microscope: A call for rational discourse”. Journal of Virology, 97(5), e00451-23. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00451-23
Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles
Speck, P., Mackenzie, J., Bull, R. A., Slobedman, B., Drummer, H., Fraser, J., … Hibma, M., … Ward, V., … Young, P. (2023). Statement in support of: Virology under the microscope: A call for rational discourse. mSphere, 8(3), e00165-23. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00165-23
Speck, P., Mackenzie, J., Bull, R. A., Slobedman, B., Drummer, H., Fraser, J., … Hibma, M., … Ward, V., … Young, P. (2023). Statement in support of: "Virology under the microscope: A call for rational discourse". mBio, 14(3). doi: 10.1128/mbio.00815-23
2022
Journal - Research Article
Mirabelli, C., Jones, M. K., Young, V. L., Kolawole, A. O., Owusu, I., Shan, M., … Ward, V. K., … Wobus, C. E. (2022). Human norovirus triggers primary B cell immune activation in vitro. mBio, 13(2), e00175-22. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00175-22
Owusu, I. A., Passalacqua, K. D., Mirabelli, C., Lu, J., Young, V. L., Hosmillo, M., … Ward, V. K., & Wobus, C. E. (2022). Akt plays differential roles during the life cycles of acute and persistent murine norovirus strains in macrophages. Journal of Virology, 96(3), e01923-21. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01923-21
Pang, L., Lin, S., McGill, E., Tham, A., Hewitt, J., Nokes, C., & Ward, V. (2022). Reductions of human enteric viruses in 10 commonly used activated carbon, polypropylene and polyester household drinking-water filters. Water Research, 213, 118174. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118174
Pang, L., Tham, A., Nilprapa, P., Cocker, A., MacDonald, P., Adams, R., … Ward, V., & Nokes, C. (2022). Cryptosporidium surrogate removal in pilot-scale rapid sand filters comprising anthracite, pumice or engineered ceramic granular media, and its correlation with turbidity. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 46, 102614. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102614
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Eruera, A., Campbell, A., Opel-Reading, H., Bostina, M., Krause, K., & Ward, V. (2022, August). Cryo-EM structural investigation of human norovirus protease-polymerase precursor. Verbal presentation at the Advances in Microscopy Satellite Meeting: Queenstown Research Week, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2021
Journal - Research Article
McSweeney, A. M., Young, V. L., & Ward, V. K. (2021). Norovirus VPg binds RNA through a conserved N-terminal K/R basic patch. Viruses, 13(7), 1282. doi: 10.3390/v13071282
Campbell, K., Young, V. L., Donaldson, B. C., Woodall, M. J., Shields, N. J., Walker, G. F., Ward, V. K., & Young, S. L. (2021). Delivering two tumour antigens survivin and mucin-1 on virus-like particles enhances anti-tumour immune responses. Vaccines, 9(5), 463. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9050463
Dowlath, S., Campbell, K., Al-Barwani, F., Young, V. L., Young, S. L., Walker, G. F., & Ward, V. K. (2021). Dry formulation of virus-like particles in electrospun nanofibers. Vaccines, 9(3), 213. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9030213
Journal - Research Other
Eruera, A.-R., McSweeney, A. M., McKenzie-Goldsmith, G., & Ward, V. K. (2021). Protein nucleotidylylation in +ssRNA viruses. Viruses, 13, 1549. doi: 10.3390/v13081549
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
McSweeney, A. M., Young, V. L., & Ward, V. K. (2021). The norovirus VPg protein binds RNA through a conserved N-terminal K/R basic patch motif. Proceedings of the 16th Congress of the Federation of Asian & Oceanic Biochemists & Molecular Biologists (FAOBMB). (pp. 178). Retrieved from https://www.faobmb2021.org
2020
Journal - Research Other
Krause, K. L., Furneaux, R., Benjes, P., Brimble, M., Davidson, T., Denny, W., … Ussher, J. E., & Ward, V. (2020). The post-lockdown period should be used to acquire effective therapies for future resurgence in SARS-Cov-2 infections. New Zealand Medical Journal, 133(1513), 107-111. Retrieved from https://www.nzma.org.nz/journal
2019
Journal - Research Article
Kim, S. H., Mercer, A., Mitchell, A., de Miranda, J. R., Ward, V., Mondet, F., & Bostina, M. (2019). Viral infections alter antennal epithelium ultrastructure in honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 168, 107252. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107252
Thomson, N. A., Howe, L., Weidgraaf, K., Thomas, D. G., Young, V., Ward, V. K., & Munday, J. S. (2019). Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 virus-like particle vaccine is safe and immunogenic but does not reduce FcaPV-2 viral loads in adult cats. Veterinary Immunology & Immunopathology, 213, 109888. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109888
McSweeney, A., Davies, C., & Ward, V. K. (2019). Cell cycle arrest is a conserved function of norovirus VPg proteins. Viruses, 11(3), 217. doi: 10.3390/v11030217
Kramer, K., Al-Barwani, F., Baird, M. A., Young, V. L., Larsen, D. S., Ward, V. K., & Young, S. L. (2019). Functionalisation of virus-like particles enhances antitumour immune responses. Journal of Immunology Research, 2019, 5364632. doi: 10.1155/2019/5364632
2018
Journal - Research Other
Donaldson, B., Lateef, Z., Walker, G. F., Young, S. L., & Ward, V. K. (2018). Virus-like particle vaccines: Immunology and formulation for clinical translation. Expert Review of Vaccines, 17(9), 833-849. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1516552
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Kramer, K., Donaldson, B., Young, V. L., Walker, G. F., Ward, V. K., & Young, S. L. (2018). Delivering tumour antigens survivin and mucin-1 on virus-like particles for breast cancer immunotherapy. Proceedings of the 41st Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS). P4-06-20. Retrieved from https://www.sabcs.org/
Sadrolodabai, Y., Ward, V. K., & Young, S. L. (2018). Developing a novel virus-like particle based delivery system of long peptides for the immunotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society for Oncology (NZSO) Conference. Retrieved from http://www.nzsoncology.org.nz/
Kramer, K., Donaldson, B., Young, V. L., Walker, G. F., Ward, V. K., & Young, S. L. (2018). Delivering tumour antigens survivin and mucin-1 on virus-like particles for breast cancer immunotherapy. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society for Oncology (NZSO) Conference. Retrieved from http://www.nzsoncology.org.nz/
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Ward, V., Taylor, B., Murdoch, D., Ekeroma, A., Kirifi-Alai, T. N., Maoate, K., Richards, R., Sika-Paotonu, D., Tong, D., … Wells, B. (2018, November). Strengthening partnerships for Pacific health: Where to from here? [Plenary]. Panel discussion at the Pacific International Health Symposium, Dunedin, New Zealand.
2017
Journal - Research Article
Li, K., Donaldson, B., Young, V., Ward, V., Jackson, C., Baird, M., & Young, S. (2017). Adoptive cell therapy with CD4+ T helper 1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells enhances complete rejection of an established tumour, leading to generation of endogenous memory responses to non-targeted tumour epitopes. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 6(10), e160. doi: 10.1038/cti.2017.37
Donaldson, B., Al-Barwani, F., Pelham, S. J., Young, K., Ward, V. K., & Young, S. L. (2017). Multi-target chimaeric VLP as a therapeutic vaccine in a model of colorectal cancer. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, 5, 69. doi: 10.1186/s40425-017-0270-1
Nicholson, L. J., Mahar, J. E., Strive, T., Zheng, T., Holmes, E. C., Ward, V. K., & Duckworth, J. A. (2017). Benign rabbit calicivirus in New Zealand. Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 83(11), e00090-17. doi: 10.1128/aem.00090-17
Lateef, Z., Gimenez, G., Baker, E. S., & Ward, V. K. (2017). Transcriptomic analysis of human norovirus NS1-2 protein highlights a multifunctional role in murine monocytes. BMC Genomics, 18, 39. doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-3417-4
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Young, S., Li, K., Baird, M., Ward, V., Jackson, C., & Ronchese, F. (2017). Adoptive cell therapy with CD4+ T helper 1 cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells enhances complete rejection of an established tumour. Proceedings of the 46th Australasian Society for Immunology (ASI) Annual Scientific Meeting. 134. Retrieved from http://www.asi2017.org/
Sadrolodabai, Y., Ward, V., & Young, S. (2017). Developing a novel virus-like particle based delivery system of long peptides for immunotherapeutic treatment of colorectal cancer. Proceedings of the Third CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference. (pp. 180-181). Retrieved from http://www.cancerimmunotherapyconference.org
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Bostina, M., Young, V., Easingwood, R., Ward, V. K., & Wolf, M. (2017, September). Architecture of a large DNA virus as revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. Verbal presentation at the Queenstown Molecular Biology (QMB) Meetings, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2016
Journal - Research Article
Davies, C., & Ward, V. K. (2016). Expression of the NS5 (VPg) protein of murine norovirus induces a G1/S phase arrest. PLoS ONE, 11(8), e0161582. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161582
Mahar, J. E., Nicholson, L., Eden, J.-S., Duchêne, S., Kerr, P. J., Duckworth, J., Ward, V. K., … Strive, T. (2016). Benign rabbit caliciviruses exhibit evolutionary dynamics similar to those of their virulent relatives. Journal of Virology, 90(20), 9317-9329. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01212-16
Slatter, T. L., Wilson, M., Tang, C., Campbell, H. G., Ward, V. K., Young, V. L., … Fleming, N. I., Braithwaite, A. W., & Baird, M. A. (2016). Antitumor cytotoxicity induced by bone-marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells is facilitated by the tumor suppressor protein p53 via regulation of IL-12. OncoImmunology, 5(3), e1112941. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2015.1112941
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Sadrolodabai, Y., Ward, V., & Young, S. (2016). Investigating the effect of multiple dosing of an RHDV VLP-based immunotherapeutic vaccine for melanoma. European Journal of Immunology, 46(Suppl. 1), (pp. 1237). doi: 10.1002/eji.201670200
Donaldson, B., Ward, V., & Young, S. (2016). Multi-epitope chimaeric VLP as a therapeutic vaccine for colorectal cancer. European Journal of Immunology, 46(Suppl. 1), (pp. 325). doi: 10.1002/eji.201670200
Hall, E. A., Young, S. L., Ward, V. K., & Larsen, D. S. (2016). Synthesis of mannoside-VLP conjugates for antigen delivery. Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry (NZIC) Conference. Retrieved from http://www.nzic16.org/
2015
Chapter in Book - Research
Donaldson, B., Al-Barwani, F., Young, V., Scullion, S., Ward, V., & Young, S. (2015). Virus-like particles, a versatile subunit vaccine platform. In C. Foged, T. Rades, Y. Perrie & S. Hook (Eds.), Subunit vaccine delivery. (pp. 159-180). New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1417-3
Journal - Research Article
Davies, C., Brown, C. M., Westphal, D., Ward, J. M., & Ward, V. K. (2015). Murine norovirus replication induces a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in asynchronous growing cells. Journal of Virology, 89(11), 6057-6066. doi: 10.1128/jvi.03673-14
Chiu, E., Hijnen, M., Bunker, R. D., Boudes, M., Rajendran, C., Aizel, K., … Young, V., Ward, V. K., … Coulibaly, F. (2015). Structural basis for the enhancement of virulence by viral spindles and their in vivo crystallization. PNAS, 112(13), 3973-3978. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1418798112
2014
Journal - Research Article
Al Barwani, F., Donaldson, B., Pelham, S. J., Young, S. L., & Ward, V. K. (2014). Antigen delivery by virus-like particles for immunotherapeutic vaccination. Therapeutic Delivery, 5(11), 1223-1240. doi: 10.4155/TDE.14.74
Herod, M. R., Prince, C. A., Skilton, R. J., Ward, V. K., Cooper, J. B., & Clarke, I. N. (2014). Structure-based design and functional studies of novel noroviral 3C protease chimaeras offer insights into substrate specificity. Biochemical Journal, 464, 461-472. doi: 10.1042/BJ20140959
Sirotkin, S., Mermet, A., Bergoin, M., Ward, V., & Van Etten, J. L. (2014). Viruses as nanoparticles: Structure versus collective dynamics. Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, & Soft Matter Physics, 90(2-1), 022718. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.022718
Al-Barwani, F., Young, S. L., Baird, M. A., Larsen, D. S., & Ward, V. K. (2014). Mannosylation of virus-like particles enhances internalization by antigen presenting cells. PLoS ONE, 9(8), e104523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104523
Herod, M. R., Salim, O., Skilton, R. J., Prince, C. A., Ward, V. K., Lambden, P. R., & Clarke, I. N. (2014). Expression of the murine norovirus (MNV) ORF1 polyprotein is sufficient to induce apoptosis in a virus-free cell model. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e90679. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090679
Waugh, E., Chen, A., Baird, M. A., Brown, C. M., & Ward, V. K. (2014). Characterization of the chemokine response of RAW264.7 cells to infection by murine norovirus. Virus Research, 181, 27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.025
Journal - Professional & Other Non-Research Articles
Al-Barwani, F., Larsen, D. S., Baird, M. A., Young, S. L., & Ward, V. K. (2014). Enhancing the functionality of RHDV virus-like particles. CRS Newsletter, 31(4), 10-13.
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Guy, P. L., Richardson, K., Young, V., Ward, V., & Gerard, P. (2014, August). White clover cryptic viruses and some cryptic clues. Verbal presentation at the Australasian Plant Virology Workshop (APVW): Plant virology in the 'omics' era, Brisbane, Australia.
2013
Journal - Research Article
Jemon, K., Young, V., Wilson, M., McKee, S., Ward, V., Baird, M., Young, S., & Hibma, M. (2013). An enhanced heterologous virus-like particle for human papillomavirus type 16 tumour immunotherapy. PLoS ONE, 8(6), e66866. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066866
Li, K., Peers-Adams, A., Win, S. J., Scullion, S., Wilson, M., Young, V. L., Jennings, P., Ward, V. K., Baird, M. A., & Young, S. L. (2013). Antigen incorporated in virus-like particles is delivered to specific dendritic cell subsets that induce an effective antitumor immune response in vivo. Journal of Immunotherapy, 36(1), 11-19. doi: 10.1097/CJI.0b013e3182787f5e
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Jameson, G. N. L., Seidel, A., Parker, H., Turner, R., Dickerhof, N., Wilbanks, S. M., Kettle, A. J., Young, V. L., & Ward, V. K. (2013). Uric acid modulates the activity of lactoperoxidase. Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry (NZIC) Conference. Christchurch, New Zealand: NZIC. [Abstract]
Donaldson, B., Ward, V., & Young, S. (2013). Engineering multi-target chimaeric VLPs to enhance efficacy of immunotherapeutic cancer vaccines. Proceedings of the 43rd Australasian Society for Immunology (ASI) Annual Scientific Meeting. (pp. 153). Retrieved from http://www.asi2013.org/
Al-Barwani, F., Young, S., Baird, M., Larsen, D., & Ward, V. (2013). Enhancement of VLP functionality though mannosylation. Proceedings of the 43rd Australasian Society for Immunology (ASI) Annual Scientific Meeting. (pp. 69). Retrieved from http://www.asi2013.org/
Young, V. L., Chiu, E., Metcalf, P., Rajendran, C., Gatehouse, L. N., & Ward, V. K. (2013). Expression and structural characterization of spindles of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) nucleopolyhedrovirus. Proceedings of the Australasian Virology Society (AVS) Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.avs.org.au/scientific-program/
Waugh, E., Baird, M. A., Fleming, S. B., Brown, C. M., & Ward, V. K. (2013). Murine norovirus interaction with the host response. Proceedings of the Australasian Virology Society (AVS) Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.avs.org.au/scientific-program/
Greenhough, H., Baker, E. S., Ward, J. M., Lateef, Z., & Ward, V. K. (2013). Role of cholesterol in MNV infection. Proceedings of the Australasian Virology Society (AVS) Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.avs.org.au/scientific-program/
Donaldson, B., Ward, V., & Young, S. (2013). Enhancing cancer vaccine efficacy through development of multi-target chimaeric VLPS. Proceedings of the Australasian Virology Society (AVS) Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.avs.org.au/scientific-program/
Davies, C. T., & Ward, V. K. (2013). Murine norovirus and the cell cycle. Proceedings of the Australasian Virology Society (AVS) Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.avs.org.au/scientific-program/
Al Barwani, F., Baird, M., Young, S., Larsen, D., & Ward, V. (2013). Mannosylated VLP: Potent antigen delivery vehicles. Proceedings of the Australasian Virology Society (AVS) Meeting. Retrieved from http://www.avs.org.au/scientific-program/
Al Barwani, F., Young, S., Baird, M., Kirman, J., Larsen, D., & Ward, V. (2013). The sweetening of VLP. Proceedings of 15th Conference on Formulation and Delivery of Bioactives: Found in Translation. Retrieved from http://bioactives.otago.ac.nz/
2012
Chapter in Book - Research
Dorrington, R. A., Gorbalenya, A. E., Gordon, K. H. J., Lauber, C., & Ward, V. K. (2012). Family Tetraviridae: Taxonomic structure of the family. In A. M. Q. King, M. J. Adams, E. B. Carstens & E. J. Lefkowitz (Eds.), Virus taxonomy: Classification and nomenclature of viruses: Ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (pp. 1091-1102). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
Journal - Research Article
Baker, E. S., Luckner, S. R., Krause, K. L., Lambden, P. R., Clarke, I. N., & Ward, V. K. (2012). Inherent structural disorder and dimerisation of murine norovirus NS1-2 protein. PLoS ONE, 7(2), e30534. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030534
McKee, S. J., Young, V. L., Clow, F., Hayman, C. M., Baird, M. A., Hermans, I. F., Young, S. L., & Ward, V. K. (2012). Virus-like particles and α-galactosylceramide form a self-adjuvanting composite particle that elicits anti-tumor responses. Journal of Controlled Release, 159(3), 338-345. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.015
Win, S. J., McMillan, D. G. G., Errington-Mais, F., Ward, V. K., Young, S. L., Baird, M. A., & Melcher, A. A. (2012). Enhancing the immunogenicity of tumour lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccines by conjugation to virus-like particles. British Journal of Cancer, 106, 92-98. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.538
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Al Barwani, F., Young, S., Baird, M., Larsen, D., & Ward, V. (2012). The sweetening of VLP. Proceedings of the Virus-Like Particle & Nano-Particle Vaccines (VLPNPV) International Conference. [CD-ROM] [Abstract]
Jemon, K., Young, V., Wilson, M., McKee, S., Ward, V., Baird, M., Young, S., & Hibma, M. (2012). An enhanced heterologous virus-like particle for human papillomavirus type 16 tumour immunotherapy. Proceedings of the Virus-Like Particle & Nano-Particle Vaccines (VLPNPV) International Conference. [CD-ROM] [Abstract]
Young, S. L., Young, V., Baird, M. A., Ward, V., Hermans, I. F., & McKee, S. J. (2012). Virus-like particle mediated delivery of a-galactosylceramide improves the generation of anti-tumour responses. Immunology, 137(Suppl. s1), (pp. 724). doi: 10.1111/imm.12002
2011
Journal - Research Article
Wong, C. K., Young, V. L., Kleffmann, T., & Ward, V. K. (2011). Genomic and proteomic analysis of invertebrate iridovirus type 9. Journal of Virology, 85(15), 7900-7911. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00645-11
Win, S. J., Ward, V. K., Dunbar, P. R., Young, S. L., & Baird, M. A. (2011). Cross-presentation of epitopes on virus-like particles via the MHC I receptor recycling pathway. Immunology & Cell Biology, 89, 681-688. doi: 10.1038/icb.2010.161
Other Research Output
Ward, V. (2011, July). Scratching the surface of viruses. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Inaugural Professorial Lecture].
2010
Chapter in Book - Research
Williams, T., & Ward, V. K. (2010). Iridoviruses. In S. Asgari & K. N. Johnson (Eds.), Insect virology. (pp. 123-151). Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic.
Ward, V. K., Cooke, B. D., & Strive, T. (2010). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and other lagoviruses. In G. S. Hansman, X. J. Jiang & K. Y. Green (Eds.), Caliciviruses: Molecular and Cellular Virology. (pp. 223-246). Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press.
Journal - Research Article
Katpally, U., Voss, N. R., Cavazza, T., Taube, S., Rubin, J. R., Young, V. L., … Ward, V. K., … Smith, T. J. (2010). High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of murine norovirus 1 and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus reveal marked flexibility in the receptor binding domains. Journal of Virology, 84(11), 5836-5841. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00314-10
Young, V. L., Sneddon, K. M. B., & Ward, V. K. (2010). Establishment of a neonate cell line from Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) that supports replication of E. postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 104, 147-149. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.02.004
Zeddam, J.-L., Gordon, K. H. J., Lauber, C., Felipe Alves, C. A., Luke, B. T., Hanzlik, T. N., Ward, V. K., & Gorbalenya, A. E. (2010). Euprosterna elaeasa virus genome sequence and evolution of the Tetraviridae family: Emergence of bipartite genomes and conservation of the VPg signal with the dsRNA Birnaviridae family. Virology, 397(1), 145-154. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.10.042
Markwick, N. P., Glare, T. R., Hauxwell, C., Li, Z., Poulton, J., Ward, J. M., Young, V. L., & Ward, V. K. (2010). The infectivity and host range of Orgyia anartoides nucleopolyhedrovirus. Journal of Applied Entomology, 134(1), 61-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01443.x
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Ward, V. K., Li, K., Young, S., & Baird, M. (2010, October). Calicivirus nanoparticles for cancer immunology. Verbal presentation at the Fourth International Conference on Caliciviruses, Santa Cruz, Chile.
2009
Journal - Research Article
Coulibaly, F., Chiu, E., Gutmann, S., Rajendran, C., Haebel, P. W., Ikeda, K., … Ward, V. K., … Metcalf, P. (2009). The atomic structure of baculovirus polyhedra reveals the independent emergence of infectious crystals in DNA and RNA viruses. PNAS, 106(52), 22205-22210. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910686106
Gatehouse, H. S., Poulton, J., Markwick, N. P., Gatehouse, L. N., Ward, V. K., Young, V. L., … Christeller, J. T. (2009). Changes in gene expression in the permissive larval host lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana, Tortricidae) in response to EppoNPV (Baculoviridae) infection. Insect Molecular Biology, 18(5), 635-648. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00904.x
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Li, K., Wilson, M., Young, V., Jennings, P., Ward, V. K., Young, S. L., & Baird, M. A. (2009). Analysis of immune cell populations at the tumor site after therapeutic treatment with RHDV VLP. Proceedings of the Australasian Society for Immunology 39th Annual Scientific Meeting. ASI. Retrieved from http://www.asi2009.org/
McKee, S. J., Painter, G. F., Baird, M. A., Ward, V. K., & Young, S. L. (2009). Enhancing the adjuvancy of rabbit haemoragghic disease virus virus-like particles for tumour immunotherapy. Proceedings of the Australasian Society for Immunology 39th Annual Scientific Meeting. ASI. Retrieved from http://www.asi2009.org/
Young, S. L., Win, S., Wilson, M., Young, V., Ward, V. K., & Baird, M. A. (2009). Virus-like particles coupled with proteins are effective immunotherapies against cancer. Proceedings of the Australasian Society for Immunology 39th Annual Scientific Meeting. ASI. Retrieved from http://www.asi2009.org/
Win, S., Young, S., Ward, V., & Baird, M. (2009). The processing and presentation of virus-like particles by dendritic cells to generate anti-tumour immune responses. New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1299). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/122-1299/3706/content.pdf
Young, S., Win, S., Wilson, M., Young, V., Ward, V., & Baird, M. (2009). The use of virus-like particles as vaccines and immunotherapies for cancer and infectious diseases. Proceedings of the Webster Centre for Infectious Diseases Symposium. WCID. Retrieved from http://www.webstercentre.otago.ac.nz/WCIDSymposiumProgramme.pdf
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Win, S. J., Young, S. L., Ward, V. K., & Baird, M. A. (2009, June). The processing and presentation of virus-like particles by human dendritic cells to generate anti-tumor immunity. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Australasian Society for Immunology (NZ ASI) Branch Meeting, Wellington, New Zealand.
Win, S., Ward, V., Young, S., & Baird, M. (2009, February). In vitro processing and presentation of virus-like particles by human dendritic cells to generate anti-cancer immune responses. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Chapter of the Controlled Release Society 11th Conference on Formulation and Delivery of Bioactives, Dunedin, New Zealand.
2008
Journal - Research Article
Hartschuh, R. D., Wargacki, S. P., Xiong, H., Neiswinger, J., Kisliuk, A., Sihn, S., Ward, V., … Sokolov, A. P. (2008). How rigid are viruses. Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, & Soft Matter Physics, 78(2), 021907. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.021907
Gatehouse, L. N., Markwick, N. P., Poulton, J., Young, V. L., Ward, V. K., & Christeller, J. T. (2008). Expression of two heterologous proteins depends on the mode of expression: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods. Bioprocess & Biosystems Engineering, 31(5), 469-475. doi: 10.1007/s00449-007-0184-2
Peacey, M., Wilson, S., Perret, R., Ronchese, F., Ward, V. K., Young, V., Young, S. L., & Baird, M. A. (2008). Virus-like particles from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus can induce an anti-tumor response. Vaccine, 26, 5334-5337. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.074
Wilson, S., Baird, M., & Ward, V. K. (2008). Delivery of vaccine peptides by rapid conjugation to baculovirus particles. Vaccine, 26, 2451-2456. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.03.027
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Ward, V., Peacey, M., Wilson, S., Young, V., Wilson, M., Young, S., & Baird, M. (2008, February). Viruses and virus-like particle engineering for the presentation of proteins and peptides. Verbal presentation at the New Zealand Chapter of the Controlled Release Society 10th Conference on Formulation and Delivery of Bioactives, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Win, S., Young, S., Ward, V., & Baird, M. (2008, November). The use of virus-like particles as vaccines and immunotherapies for cancer. Verbal presentation at the Medical Sciences Congress, Queenstown, New Zealand.
Turner, A., Young, S., Baird, M., & Ward, V. (2008, November). Therapeutic vaccination with virus-like particles to impair tumor growth. Verbal presentation at the Medical Sciences Congress, Queenstown, New Zealand.
2007
Journal - Research Article
Peacey, M., Wilson, S., Baird, M. A., & Ward, V. K. (2007). Versatile RHDV virus-like particles: Incorporation of antigens by genetic modification and chemical conjugation. Biotechnology & Bioengineering, 98(5), 968-977.
Poulton, J., Markwick, N. P., Ward, V. K., & Young, V. (2007). Host range testing of a nucleopolyhedrovirus of the lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana. New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, 26-32.
Gatehouse, H. S., Markwick, N. P., Poulton, J., Ward, V. K., Young, V., Wilson, S., Dellow, R., Sneddon, K., … Christeller, J. T. (2007). Effects of EppoNPV infection on gene expression in Epiphyas postvittana larvae. New Zealand Plant Protection, 60, 33-41.
Ward, V. K., McCormick, C. J., Clarke, I. N., Salim, O., Wobus, C. E., Thackray, L. B., … Lambden, P. R. (2007). Recovery of infectious murine norovirus using pol II-driven expression of full-length cDNA. PNAS, 104(26), 11050-11055.
Snell, A. E., Graves, S., Kane, R., Ward, V., Slaney, D., Mercer, A., … Weinstein, P. (2007). Pilot testing a genus wide PCR-based system for arbovirus detection in mosquitoes in New Zealand. Weta, 33, 6-13.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
D'Costa, Z., Ward, V., Young, S., & Baird, M. (2007). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) virus-like particles (VLPs) activate human dendritic cells when co-delivered with a 'danger signal'. New Zealand Medical Journal, 120(1265). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/120-1265/2822/content.pdf
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Ward, V. K., McCormick, C. J., Clarke, I. N., Wobus, C. E., Thackray, L. B., Virgin, H. W., & Lambden, P. R. (2007, May). Infectious murine norovirus recovered from baculovirus delivery of full-length cDNA. Verbal presentation at the Eight International Symposium on Positive-Strand RNA Viruses, Washington, DC.
Ward, V. (2007, April). Noroviruses and reverse genetics model systems. Verbal presentation at the Webster Centre for Molecular Research in Infectious Diseases Symposium, Dunedin, New Zealand.
2006
Journal - Research Article
Young, S. L., Wilson, M., Wilson, S., Beagley, K. W., Ward, V., & Baird, M. A. (2006). Transcutaneous vaccination with virus-like particles. Vaccine, 24, 5406-5412. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.052
Barratt, B. I. P., Murney, R., Easingwood, R., & Ward, V. K. (2006). Virus-like particles in the ovaries of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Comparison of biotypes from Morocco and Europe. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 91, 13-18.
Juhl, S. B., Chan, E. P., Ha, Y.-H., Maldovan, M., Brunton, J., Ward, V., … Kalmakoff, J., … Vaia, R. A. (2006). Assembly of Wiseana iridovirus: Viruses for colloidal photonic crystals. Advanced Functional Materials, 16(8), 1086-1094.
2005
Chapter in Book - Research
Hanzlik, T. N., Gordon, K. H. J., Gorbalenya, A. E., Hendry, D. A., Pringle, F. M., Ward, V. K., & Zeddam, J.-L. (2005). Family Tetraviridae: Taxonomic structure of the family. In C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger & L. A. Ball (Eds.), Virus taxonomy: Classification and nomenclature of viruses: Eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (pp. 873-883). San Diego, CA, USA: Elsevier Academic Press.
Journal - Research Article
Young, V. L., Simpson, R. M., & Ward, V. K. (2005). Characterization of an exochitinase from Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus (family Baculoviridae). Journal of General Virology, 86, 3253-3261.
Radloff, C., Vaia, R. A., Brunton, J., Bouwer, G. T., & Ward, V. K. (2005). Metal nanoshell assembly on a virus bioscaffold. Nano Letters, 5(6), 1187-1191.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Radloff, C., Juhl, S., Vaia, R. A., Brunton, J., Ward, V., Kalmakoff, J., … Thomas, E. L. (2005). Bio-scaffolds for ordered nanostructures and metallodielectric nanoparticles [Invited paper]. In W. Y.-C. Lai, S. Pau & O. D. López (Eds.), Proceedings of the SPIE. 5592, (pp. 143-152). Bellingham, WA, USA: SPIE. [Full Paper]
Conference Contribution - Verbal presentation and other Conference outputs
Young, S., Wilson, S., Beagley, K., Ward, V., & Baird, M. (2005, May). Transcutaneous vaccination with virus-like particles. Verbal presentation at the 2nd International Conference on Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines, Malaga, Spain.
2004
Journal - Research Article
Young, S. L., Buchan, G. S., Slobbe, L. J., Williman, J. A., Wilson, M., Ward, V. K., … Baird, M. A. (2004). Novel vaccine formulations to enhance type 1 immune responses. Immunology, 555-563.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Radloff, C., Vaia, R. A., Brunton, J., Ward, V. K., Kalmakoff, J., & Dokland, T. (2004). Bio-scaffolds for metal nanostructures. In N. J. Halas & T. R. Huser (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering. 5512, (pp. 60-67). Bellingham, WA. [Full Paper]
Juhl, S., Ha, Y.-H., Chan, E., Ward, V., Smith, A., Dockland, T., … Vaia, R. (2004). BioHarvesting: Optical characteristics of Wisenia iridovirus assemblies. Polymeric Materials Science & Engineering, 90, (pp. 317-318). [Full Paper]
2003
Journal - Research Article
Khan, S., Sneddon, K., Fielding, B., Ward, V. K., & Davison, S. (2003). Functional characterization of the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl transferase gene of Helicoverpa armigera single-enveloped nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated in South Africa. Virus Genes, 27(1), 17-27.
Mustard, J. A., Blenau, W., Hamilton, I. S., Ward, V. K., Ebert, P. R., & Mercer, A. R. (2003). Analysis of two D1-like dopamine receptors from the honey bee Apis mellifera reveals agonist-independent activity. Molecular Brain Research, 113, 67-77.
Humphries, M., Mustard, J. A., Hunter, S. J., Mercer, A. R., Ward, V. K., & Ebert, P. R. (2003). Invertebrate D2 type dopamine receptor exhibits age-based plasticity of expression in the mushroom bodies of the honeybee brain. Journal of Neurobiology, 55, 315-330.
2002
Chapter in Book - Research
Ward, V. K., Sneddon, K., Hyink, O., & Kalmakoff, J. (2002). Baculovirus genomics: A resource for biocontrol. In R. K. Upadhyay (Ed.), Advances in Microbial Control of Insect Pests. (pp. 127-144). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
Journal - Research Article
Gorbalenya, A. E., Pringle, F. M., Zeddam, J.-L., Luke, B. T., Cameron, C. E., Kalmakoff, J., … Ward, V. K. (2002). The palm subdomain-based active site is internally permuted in viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of an ancient lineage. Journal of Molecular Biology, 324, 47-62.
Markwick, N. P., Graves, S., Fairbairn, F., Docherty, L. C., Poulton, J., & Ward, V. K. (2002). Infectivity of Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus for New Zealand leafrollers. Biological Control, 25, 207-214.
Hyink, O., Dellow, R., Olsen, M., Caradoc-Davies, K. M. B., Drake, K., Herniou, E. A., … Ward, V. K. (2002). Whole genome analysis of the Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus. Journal of General Virology, 83, 957-971.
2001
Journal - Research Article
Brooks, H. J. L., Mollison, B. D., Bettelheim, K. A., Matejka, K., Paterson, K. A., & Ward, V. K. (2001). Occurrence and virulence factors of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in retail meat in Dunedin, New Zealand. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 32(2), 118-122. doi: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00868.x
Caradoc-Davies, K. M. B., Graves, S., O'Reilly, D. R., Evans, O. P., & Ward, V. K. (2001). Identificatioon and in vivo characterization of the Epiphyas postvittana Nucleopolyhedrovirus Ecdysteroid UDP-Glucosyltransferase. Virus Genes, 22(3), 255-264.
Pringle, F. M., Kalmakoff, J., & Ward, V. K. (2001). Analysis of the capsid processing strategy of Thosea asigna virus using baculovirus expression of virus-like particles. Journal of General Virology, 82, 259-266.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Hall, D. C. A., Ward, V. K., Mercer, A. A., O'Keefe, J., & Atkinson, P. (2001). Genetic variation of Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in New Zealand since release in 1997. American Sociey of Virology 20th Annual Conference. [Abstract]
Mustard, J. A., Humphries, M., Ebert, P. R., Ward, V. K., & Mercer, A. R. (2001). Identification and characterization of a D1-like dopamine receptor from the honey bee, Apis mellifera. International Journal of Neuroscience. 109, (pp. 207). [Abstract]
2000
Journal - Research Article
Sadler, A. J., Glare, T. R., Ward, V. K., & Kalmakoff, J. (2000). Physical and genetic map of the Wiseana nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. Journal of General Virology, 81, 1127-1133.
Van Meer, M. M. M., Bonning, B. C., Ward, V. K., Vlak, J. M., & Hammock, B. D. (2000). Recombinant, catalytically inactive juvenile hormone esterase enhances efficacy of baculovirus insecticides. Biological Control, 19, 191-199.
Maguire, T., Harrison, P., Hyink, O., Kalmakoff, J., & Ward, V. K. (2000). The inhibitors of apoptosis of Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus. Journal of General Virology, 81, 2803-2811.
1999
Journal - Research Article
Pringle, F. M., Kalmakoff, J., & Ward, V. K. (1999). A novel capsid expression strategy for Thosea asigna virus, a member of the Tetraviridae. Journal of General Virology, 80, 1855-1863.
Walsh, P. J., Glare, T. R., Nelson, T., Sadler, A. J., & Ward, V. K. (1999). Virulence of nucleopolyhedroviruses from Orgyia pseudotsugata and Orgyia leucostigma (Lep., Lymantriidae) for early instars of the white-spotted tussock moth, Orgyia thyellina. Journal of Applied Entomology, 123, 375-379.
1998
Journal - Research Article
Hyink, O., Graves, S., Fairburn, F. M., & Ward, V. K. (1998). Mapping and polyhedrin gene analysis of the Epiphyas postvittana nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. Journal of General Virology, 78, 2853-2862.
Sadler, T. J., Ward, V. K., Glare, T. R., & Kalmakoff, J. (1998). Examination of New Zealand's endemic Wiseana nucleopolyhedrovirus by analysis of the viral polyhedrin gene. Archives of Virology, 143, 2273-2288.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Sadler, A. J., Ward, V. K., Glare, T. R., & Kalmakoff, J. (1998). Analysis of the polyhedrin gene of a nucleopolyhedrovirus from New Zealand's endemic Wiseana spp. In M. O'Callaghan & R. A. Jackson (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Lincoln Workshop, Microbial Control of Soil Dwelling Pests. (pp. 69-74). [Full Paper]
Graves, S., Markwick, N. P., Vickers, J. M., Christeller, J. T., & Ward, V. K. (1998). Synergistic activities in Wiseana spp. viruses. In M. O'Callaghan & T. A. Jackson (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Lincoln Workshop, Microbial Control of Soil Dwelling Pests. (pp. 31-36). [Full Paper]
1997
Journal - Research Article
Bonning, B. C., Ward, V. K., Van Meer, M. M. M., Booth, T. F., & Hammock, B. D. (1997). Disruption of lysosomal targeting is associated with insecticidal potency of juvenile hormone esterase. PNAS, 94(12), 6007-6012.
1996
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Ward, V. K. (1996). The generation and use of recombinant baculoviruses. In T. A. Jackson & T. R. Glare (Eds.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Lincoln Workshop on Microbial Control of Soil Dwelling Pests, Held at the Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, Lincoln, New Zealand, February 21-23 1996. (pp. 57-64). Lincoln: Microbial Control Group, AgResearch. [Full Paper]
1995
Chapter in Book - Research
Kreissig, S. B., Ward, V. K., Hammock, B. D., & Choudary, P. V. (1995). Sequence analysis of individual chains of antibodies to triazine herbicides. In J. O. Nelson, A. E. Karu & R. B. Wong (Eds.), Immunoanalysis of agrochemicals: Emerging technologies: ACS Symposium Series (Vol. 586). (pp. 31-49). Washington, DC: ACS. doi: 10.1021/bk-1995-0586.ch003
Journal - Research Article
Kreissig, S. B., Ward, V. K., Hammock, B. D., & Choudary, P. V. (1995). Nucleotide sequence of the variable region of the heavy and light chains of a monoclonal IgG antibody reactive to herbicides, terbutryn and prometryn. DNA Sequence, 61, 51-54.
Film/Video/CD Rom
Brooks, H. J., Ward, V. K., & Todd, B. (1995). The Binocular Microscope with Oil. Dunedin: Educational Technology Support Services, Otago Un.
1991
Chapter in Book - Research
Ward, V. K., & Kalmakoff, J. (1991). Invertebrate Iridoviridae. In E. Kurstak (Ed.), Viruses of invertebrates. (pp. 197-226). New York, NY: Marcel Dekker.
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Full paper
Harshman, L. G., Vickers, J. M., Ichinose, R., Grant, D. F., Ward, V. K., Eldridge, B. F., & Hammock, B. D. (1991). Effects of recombinant juvenile hormone esterase on Aedes aegypti. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Conference of the California Mosquito and Vector Control Association. 59, (pp. 77-80). Retrieved from http://www.mvcac.org
Conference Contribution - Published proceedings: Abstract
Ward, V., Umetsu, T., Possee, R., McCutchen, B. F., Maeda, S., Ichinose, R., … Hammock, B. D. (1991). Use of invertebrate proteins expressed in the baculovirus system to disrupt insect development. Phytoparasitica, 19(4), (pp. 350-351). [Abstract]